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Language Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. Ed inglesa. 2006. Vol. 11, no. 2
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- Interceptive orthodontics : The need for early diagnosis and treatment of posterior crossbites(2006) Castañer Peiró, AmparoCrossbites are the result of a malocclusion on the transverse plane of the maxilla and are defined as alterations of the correct alignment of the palatal cusps of the upper molars and premolars with the pits of the lower molars and premolars. Transverse alterations are frequently seen in general dental practices and it is necessary to establish a good differential diagnosis in order to adopt the treatment that will achieve the greatest efficiency and the most stable results possible. Skeletal constriction, dentoalveolar constriction and dental constriction must therefore be differentiated, as each requires different treatment with different orthodontic appliances. This article aims to provide a simple guide to the correct diagnosis of transverse anomalies and to choosing the most suitable orthodontic appliance for each case.
- Composite resins : A review of the materials and clinical indications(2006) Hervás García, A.; Martínez Lozano, M.A.; Cabanes Vila, Jose; Barjau Escribano, Amaya; Fos-Galve, PabloThe aim of this work is to present the different components of the composites currently used in dentistry and furnish dentists with a basis that can provide criteria for choosing one or another to suit their therapeutic requirements. Most composites used in dentistry are hybrid materials, so-called because they are composed of polymer groups reinforced by an inorganic phase of glass fillers with different compositions, particle sizes and fill percentages. Flowable or condensable composites have attempted to provide an answer to certain functional requirements, although they have not been too successful at improving properties. Turning to polymerisation initiators, both halogen lamps, whether conventional or high intensity, and LED curing lights which provide a gradual increase in light intensity are very useful for reducing shrinkage of the composite material. The clinical choice of a composite must consider whether priority should be given to mechanical or aesthetic requirements: if mechanical considerations are paramount the material with the greatest volume of filler will be chosen; if aesthetic considerations predominate, particle size will be the most important factor. Additional components such as opaques and tints make it possible to improve the aesthetic results. Equally, the spread of other therapeutic procedures, such as tooth bleaching, has made it necessary to design composite materials in shades that are suitable for the special colour situations found in teeth treated by these methods.
- An unusual clinicoradiographic presentation of a lateral periodontal cyst : report of two cases(2006) Amaral Mendes, Rui; Waal, Isaäc Van derThe lateral periodontal cyst and the botryoid odontogenic cyst are two rare nosological entities, who, despite their radiological and clinical presentation can only be diagnosed by their rather typical histopathological characteristics. The purpose of this article is to report two cases of radiolucent cystic lesions of the mandible, located in the premolar area, with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of residual cyst, which showed histological features of a lateral periodontal cyst. Histopathologically, the lateral periodontal cyst lining is characterized by a thin cuboidal to stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium, ranging from one to five cell layers and presence of one or more epithelial thickenings or plaques. Furthermore, glycogen-rich clear cells encountered either in the epithelial plaques or in the superficial layer of the lining epithelium.
- Consensus document on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental surgery and procedures(2006) Gutiérrez Pérez, José Luis; Bagán Sebastián, José Vicente; Bascones Martínez, Antonio; Llamas Cadaval, Rafael; Llena Blasco, Jaime; Morales Sánchez, Araceli; Noguerol, Blas; Planells del Pozo, Paloma; Prieto, José; Salmerón Escobar, José IgnacioThe goal of antibiotic prophylaxis in Odontology is to prevent the onset of infections through the entranceway provided by the therapeutic action, therefore it is indicated providing there is a considerable risk of infection, either because of the characteristics of the operation itself or the patient?s local or general condition. Nonetheless, clinical trials with antibiotics in dental pathologies have had scant regard for the required methodological criteria and, in addition, are not sufficiently numerous. This text presents the results of an expert conference comprising the Presidents of the most representative Scientific Societies in Spain who have analyzed the existing literature and have drawn on their valuable professional experience. It describes the technical circumstances, analyzes the biological and pharmacological foundations and their application to the most representative medical situations. It is concluded that antibiotic prophylaxis in Odontology has certain well-founded, precise indications and offers the international scientific community a practical protocol for action.
- Transmigration of impacted lower canine : Case report and review of literature(2006) Torres-Lagares, Daniel; Flores Ruiz, Rafael; Infante Cossío, Pedro; García Calderón, Manuel; Gutiérrez Pérez, José LuisRetention, that is, a permanent tooth which is unerupted more than a year after the normal age of eruption, is a relatively rare event, except in the case of the third molars and the upper canines. Transmigration is defined as the phenomenon of more than half an unerupted impacted tooth crossing the midline. We report the clinical case of a twenty-year-old patient presenting transmigration of the lower left canine, with a type 4 transmigration pattern (Mupparapu). Likewise, we carried out a review of the literature of the cases that have been published on transmigration, updating the main aspects of this pathology.
- Intra-alveolar chlorhexidine gel for the prevention of dry socket in mandibular third molar surgery. : A pilot study(2006) Torres-Lagares, Daniel; Infante Cossío, Pedro; Gutiérrez Pérez, José Luis; Romero Ruiz, Manuel María; García Calderón, Manuel; Serrera Figallo, María AngelesPurpose: Chlorhexidine is a good prophylactic agent for post-extraction dry socket alveolitis. The bio-adhesive 0.2% chlorhexidine gel could improve this action since its intra-alveolar positioning would allow a more direct action on the alveolus and more prolonged action of the medication. Materials and Method: We present a single blind, randomised study on 30 patients to evaluate the efficacy of the bio-adhesive 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, placed only once within the alveolus, on the reduction of the incidence of impacted third molar postextraction dry socket alveolitis and its post-operative effects on patients. Results. A reduction of 42.65% in the occurrence of alveolitis and a more favourable post-operative period in the experimental group was observed. In the control group, the appearance of alveolitis was 30.76% opposite to 17.64 % in the experimental group. Conclusions: The bio-adhesive 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, applied only once after the extraction of impacted third molars, seems to be an appropriate option for the reduction of alveolitis. It improves the buccal aperture and oedema in the post-operative period, although further double blind studies with larger samples are necessary.
- Facial nerve paralysis after impacted lower third molar surgery: A literature review and case report(2006) Vasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti; Bessa-Nogueira, Ricardo Viana; Maurette, Paul E.; Carneiro, Suzana-Célia-de-Aguiar SoaresFacial nerve paralisys (FNP) is the most commom cranial nerve disorders and it results in a characteristic facial distortion that is determined in part by the nerves branches involved. With multiples etiologies, these included trauma, tumor formation, idiopathic conditions, cerebral infarct, pseudobulbar palsy and viruses. FNP during dental treatment is very rare and can be associated with the injection of local anesthetic, prolonged attempt to remove a mandibular third molar and subsequent infection. We report a case of a 21 years-old black woman who developed a Bell?s palsy after an impacted third molar surgery under local anaesthesia, present a FNP classificated like a grade IV by the House-Brackmann?s grading system. The treatment was based of prescription of a citidine and uridine complex (NÚCLEO CMP tm) one tablet twice per day and a close follow up. Three months later that had begining the treatment, the patient recovery her normal facial muscle activity.
- Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland : Case report and review of the literature(2006) González García, R.; Nam Cha, Syonghyun; Muñoz Guerra, Mario F.; Gamallo Amat, CarlosBasal cell adenoma of the salivary glands is an uncommon type of monomorphous adenoma. Its most frequent location is the parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm and mobile slow-growing mass. Histologically, isomorphic cells in nests and interlaced trabecules with a prominent basal membrane are observed. It is also characterized by the presence of a slack and hyaline stroma and the absence of myxoid or condroid stroma. In contrast to pleomorphic adenoma, it tends to be multiple and its recurrence rate after surgical excision is high. Due to prognostic implications, differential diagnosis with basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is mandatory. We describe a case of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland. We also review the literature and discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare entity
- Evaluation of 80 implants subjected to immediate loading in edentulous mandibles after two years of follow-up(2006) Martínez González, José María; Barona Dorado, Cristina; Cano Sánchez, Jorge; Fernández Cáliz, Fernando; Sánchez Turrión, AndrésObjetivo: Analizar el comportamiento tanto clínico como radiológico de ochentas implantes con una nueva superficie tratada mediante una disolución de ácido sulfúrico y fluorhídrico con posterior tratamiento térmico, que han sido sometidos a carga inmediata en pacientes rehabilitados con sobredentaduras inferiores. Diseño del artículo: Estudio observacional, prospectivo en 20 pacientes rehabilitados con sobredentaduras inferiores, soportadas sobre cuatro implantes de 13 milímetros de longitud. Todos los pacientes fueron planificados e incluídos tras el consentimiento, anamnesis, exploración clínica y estudio radiográfico y mediante montaje clínico previo de la prótesis inferior. Resultados: Durante los dos años de seguimiento, se ha obervado que el acúmulo de placa y cálculo no ha sido importante, oscilando los índices (Silness y Löe) entre 0 y 1. El sondaje periodontal, ha sido favorable no encontrando pacientes que superasen 2 milímetros. Los controles radiográficos mostraron a lo largo del seguimiento ausencia de fracaso implantológico. Las pérdidas óseas cervicales, durante el primer año, no existieron en un alto porcentaje (65%), mientras que en un 10% se produjo la reabsorción de la mitad cervical y en el 35% restante sobre las ¾ partes cervicales. El comportamiento durante el segundo año fue compatible a los patrones estándares, observándose pérdidas que oscilaron entre 0,5 y 1,5 milímetros. Conclusiones: La rehabilitación mediante sobredentaduras inferiores, debiera contemplarse como una indicación prioritaria, planteándose la sustitución de los tratamientos implantológicos con períodos de reposo convencionales y/o precoces.
- Granular cell tumor of the tongue in a 6-year-old girl : A case report(2006) Nagaraj, Praveen Birur; Ongole, Ravikiran; Bhujanga-Rao, Balaji RaoGranular cell tumor is a relatively uncommon benign hamartomatous lesion occurring in almost any part of the body. The tongue and the buccal mucosa are common intra oral sites. Granular cell lesions may be found in other diverse sites such as the jaw, skin, gastro intestinal tract and respiratory tract. The histogenesis of the lesion still remains unknown. However, histochemical and ultra structural studies propose the origin of the lesion from schwann cells, striated muscle, mesenchymal cells, histiocytes and epithelial cells. The tumor generally occurs in middle or older aged adults. The lesion is typically seen as an uninflammed asymptomatic mass measuring about two cms in diameter with a yellowish surface coloration. As most of the granular cell tumors are benign, surgical excision of the lesion is the treatment of choice. We describe a case of granular cell tumor of the tongue in a 6 year old girl along with a brief review of literature on granular cell tumors.
- Sterilizing effects of the Erbium : Yag laser upon dental structures: An in vitro study(2006) Leco Berrocal, María Isabel; Martínez González, José María; Donado Rodríguez, Manuel; López Carriches, CarmenAim: An evaluation was made of the sterilizing effects of the Erbium:YAG laser at different power ratings upon dental structures in vitro. Design: An in vitro study was made of 47 single-root teeth removed for periodontal reasons in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Teaching Unit (Department of Medicine and Orofacial Surgery, Madrid Complutense University Dental School, Spain). The teeth were divided into three laser irradiation groups (250, 350 and 450 mJ) and a non-irradiated control group. The teeth were then immersed in an enrichment medium for 72 hours under conditions of anaerobiosis, with visual controls after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Posteriorly, microbiological cultures were made in blood agar to confirm the results of the visual inspections. Results: Increased percentage sterilization of the samples was recorded with increasing irradiation power - statistically significant differences being observed between all irradiated groups versus the controls. Conclusions: The Erbium:YAG laser exerts a sterilizing effect upon dental structures in vitro. This effect increases with increasing laser power ratings.
- Multiple sclerosis as first manifestation in oral and facial area : Presentation of four cases(2006) Gallud Romero, Lola; Bagán Sebastián, José Vicente; Cervelló, Ángeles; Jiménez Soriano, Yolanda; Poveda Roda, Rafael; Gavaldá Esteve, CarmenMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, whose etiology is unknown, and which is characteristic by the appearance of a diverse neurological symptomatology consisting of outbreaks or gradual deterioration and lesions in any location of the brain?s white matter which may provoke the after-effect of a definitive demyelination of the area. The disease affects young people, with its appearance being most frequent between 20 and 40 years of age, in temperate and cold climates, and with a man-woman rate of 0.46 / 0.67. The magnitude of this disease lies in the fact that it is the primary cause for permanent disablement among young adults. We are presenting 4 cases of MS whose initial symptom of the disease was the appearance of paraesthesia in the maxillofacial area, affecting one or more ramifications of the trigeminal nerve, and a progression time varying from 15 days to one year. All the patients were clinically diagnosed, with their diagnostics being confirmed both with magnetic resonance imaging as well as through the study of their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the evoked potentials (EPs). Manifestations in the oral and facial area were the first manifestation of the disease in all cases.
- Periapical surgery of maxillary posterior teeth : A review of the literature(2006) García Mira, Berta; Martorell Calatayud, Luis; Martí Bowen, Eva; Peñarrocha Diago, MiguelIn recent years, periapical surgery has evolved thanks to new diagnostic and technical advances. A review is made of the literature on periapical surgery of the antral teeth, based on a Medline search and on the revision of Spanish dental journals in the period between 1974 and 2003. The anatomy of the maxillary sinus is discussed, along with the diagnosis of periapical lesions and the relation of the maxillary sinus to the antral teeth. The surgical technique, special considerations and prognosis of periapical surgery in these teeth are also addressed. Recent studies postulate that the proximity of the antral teeth to the maxillary sinus should not be viewed as a contraindication to periapical surgery, and recommend such surgery in teeth with chronic periapical disease that are refractory to conventional endodontic management, despite the proximity of the maxillary sinus.
- Metastatic tumors to the jaws : A report of eight new cases(2006) Bodner, Lipa; Sion Vardy, Netta; Geffen, David B.; Nash, MichaelPurpose: The purpose of the article is to present 8 new cases of metastatic tumors occurring in the jawbones, their clinical features , diagnostic workup and management. Patients and methods: The records of 8 patients with metastatic jaw lesions were reviewd. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, primary tumor site, radiographic findings, bone scintigraphy , histopathology and clinical management were analyzed. Results: The patients , ranged in age from 44 to 80 years, with a mean of 64.5 years. The primary malignant sites were: the lung , the breast , the rectum, the thyroid, the uterus and the parotid gland . The mandible was the site of oral involvement in seven cases and the maxilla in one. There was no gender difference with respect to the oral site affected. The clinical jaw presentations were: exophytic soft tissue mass, paresthesia of the lower lip and a periapical lesion The provided treatment protocols were: chemotherapy , radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy and supportive care only. In one case the jaw lesion was the first indication of an unknown malignancy at a distant primary site. Conclusions: Metastatic jaw lesions are uncommon. Paresthesia of the lower lip and the chin is a sinister sign for patients with a metastatic jaw lesion. In view of these cases it can be said that meticulous work-up of of jaw lesions suspected of being metastatic, may be life saving or extend the patient?s survival period.
- Physiological bases of bone regeneration II : The remodeling process(2006) Fernández Tresguerres, Isabel; Alobera Gracia, M.A.; Canto Pingarrón, M. Del; Blanco Jérez, LuisBone remodeling is the restructuring process of existing bone, which is in constant resorption and formation. Under normal conditions, this balanced process allows the renewal of 5 ? 10% of bone volume per year. At the microscopic level, bone remodeling is produced in basic multicellular units, where osteoclasts resorb a certain quantity of bone and osteoblasts form the osteoid matrix and mineralize it to fill the previously created cavity. These units contain osteoclasts, macrophages, preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, and are controlled by a series of factors, both general and local, allowing normal bone function and maintaining the bone mass. When this process becomes unbalanced then bone pathology appears, either in excess (osteopetrosis) or deficit (osteoporosis). The purpose of this study is to undertake a revision of current knowledge on the physiological and biological mechanisms of the bone remodeling process; highlighting the role played by the regulating factors, in particular that of the growth factors
- Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Oral Tissues : two new cases and literature review(2006) Miranda França, Cristiane; Caran, Eliana M. M.; Alves, Maria Teresa S.; Barreto, Adriana D.; Lopes, Nilza N. F.Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm consisting of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme that exhibit a profound tendency to myogenesis. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, being classified as parameningeal and non-orbital non-parameningeal forms. Parameningeal tumors carry the worst prognosis. The use of contemporary, multi-agent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery has made treatment of the disseminated disease possible, and has significantly improved overall survival from 25% in 1970 to 70% in 1991. Here, we present the management of two cases of orofacial RMS in adolescents: an 18-year-old, white female that had a 9-month history of a nodule in the left buccal mucosa, and a 19-year-old, white male who had been aware of a nodule in the left, posterior maxillary ridge with progressive growth for 4 months. Before final diagnosis, both cases were previously treated as inflammatory lesions. Their clinicopathological aspects, treatment, and poor survival as a consequence of delays in diagnosis are discussed.
- Effect of the high molecular weight chitosan and sodium alginate on Candida albicans hydrophobicity and adhesion to cells(2006) Azcurra, Ana Isabel; Barembaum, Silvina Ruth; Bojanich, Alejandra; Calamari, Silvia Edith; Aguilar, Javier; Battellino, Luis José; Dorronsoro de Cattoni, SusanaThe aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of the high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) and of sodium alginate (NaAL) on surface hydrophobicity of Candida albicans and on adhesion of the yeast to epithelial cells and fibroblasts of different proceeding. For this study, a collection strain and seven isolates of C. albicans from saliva (patients with denture stomatitis) were grown in Sabouraud glucose agar supplemented with HMWC or NaAL or in absence of them (control). Hydrophobicity was determined by adhesion to hydrocarbons method using two organic media (xylene and chloroform). For adhesion experiments, aqueous suspensions of yeasts were contacted with solutions of biopolymers and different cells (rat and human fibroblasts and epithelial cells Hep-2). The quantification of adhesion was made by optical microscopy. Results: a decrease in hydrophobicity was observed in the presence of HMWC (44%) and of NaAL (82%) when chloroform was employed as organic medium, meanwhile the decreases were of 30% with HMWC and 19% with NaAL in the presence of xylene. Adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells and human fibroblasts decreased significantly with both biopolymers. In the case of rat fibroblasts, a decrease was observed only with NaAL. None of experiments showed significant differences associated to fibroblast type. Conclusions: biopolymers showed effectiveness in reducing hydrophobicity and adhesion of C. albicans to cells, which are important virulence factors related to colonization of the soft tissues of host or acrylic surfaces present in the oral system.
- Oral myiasis : A case report(2006) Neves Abdo, Evandro; Sette Dias, Ausgusto César; Comunian, Cláudio Rômulo; Dutra, Carlos Eduardo Assis; Aguiar, Evandro Guimarães deOral Myiasis is a rare pathology in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, supuranting lesions, severe halitosis and others conditions. The treatment is a mechanical removal of the maggots one by one but a systemic treatment with Ivermectin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, have been used for treatment for oral myiasis. We present a case report of a 32-year-old man indigent, alcohol-dependent with an extensive necrotic area and acute swelling in upper lip and fetid odor. The patient?s manegement included topic use of gencian violet, oral therapy with ivermectin (6 mg orally), surgical exploration to remove the larvae and necrotic tissue. After the complete larvae removal the swelling and the wounds were healing normally, the patients was referred to plastic surgery to repair tissue damage. The prevention of human myiasis is by education, but unfortunately in the developing countries some people live in low social condition, predisposing the occurrence of the infestation.
- Treatment of oral lichen planus with photodynamic therapy mediated methylene blue : A case report(2006) Agha-Hosseini, Farzaneh; Arbabi-Kalati, Fateme; Ataie Fashtami, Leila; Fateh, Mohsen; Esmaeeli Djavid, GholamrezaOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic disease of uncertain origin. Many patients with OLP are refractory to all available therapies. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used as a possible alternative method in the treatment of lichen planus. Two patients with five oral lichen planus lesions were treated using topical PDT mediated by methylene blue (MB-PDT). The patients were followed up on sessions 3, 7, 15 days and 1 to 9 months after PDT. Clinical improvement was achieved in four lesions. Two lesions showed complete remission, and another two lesions had about 50% clinically improvement 3-9 months after a single session of PDT. No response detected in one lesion. MB-PDT blue seems to be an effective alternative treatment for control of OLP. In our opinion, this preliminary result warrant further studies in order to show the efficacy of MB-PDT in control of OLP for a longer period of time.
- Salivary enzymes and periodontal disease(2006) Todorovic, Tatjana; Dozic, Iván; Vicente Barrero, Mario; Ljuskovic, Besir; Pejovic, Janko; Marjanovic, Marjan; Knezevic, MilanBackground: Host responses to periodontal disease include the production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like: aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine cinase (CK), alkaline and acidic phosphatase (ALP, ACP), gama glutamil transferase (GGT). Changes in enzymatic activity reflect metabolic changes in the gingiva and periodontium in inflammation. Design of Study: In this paper we have examined the activity of CK, LDH, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and ACP in saliva from patients with periodontal disease before and after periodontal treatment (experimental group ? 30 samples) and in saliva from healthy patients (control group ? 20 samples). Periodontal disease was determined based on clinical parameters (gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD)). Patients with periodontal disease were under conventional periodontal treatment. Results: Obtained results were shown statistically significant increases of activity of CK, LDH, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, ACP in saliva from patients with periodontal disease in relation to control group. There is positive correlation between the activity of examined salivary enzymes and value of the gingival index. After conventional periodontal therapy the activity of all salivary enzymes was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be assume that activity of these enzymes in saliva, as biochemical markers for periodontal tissue damage, may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of therapy effects in periodontal disease.
