Evaluation of the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of a doublé-stranded RNA mimic complexed with polycations in an experimental mouse model of leiomyoma

Objective: To assess the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of the double-stranded RNA mimic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (pIC) complexed with polyethylenimine [pICPEI] in xenografted human leiomyomas. Design: Heterologous leiomyoma mouse model. Setting: University-affiliated infertility center. Animal(s): Ovariectomized and hormone-replaced nude mice (n = 16) who received human leiomyoma fragment transplantation. Intervention(s): Leiomyoma fragments placed in the peritoneum of 5-week-old nude female mice and treated with the vehicle (n = 8) or 0.6 mg/kg [pICPEI] (n = 8) for 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s): The size of the leiomyoma implants, and cellular proliferation (Ki67), vascularization (PECAM), and apoptosis (OH-ends) assessed by quantitative immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent analysis of the recovered implants. Result(s): No significant differences were observed in the size of the leiomyoma implants between groups. Vascularization and proliferation were significantly decreased, and apoptosis was increased in the [pICPEI]-treated group versus control. Conclusion(s): We hypothesize that the antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects exerted by [pICPEI] might lead to a decrease in lesion size in this animal model if the compound is administered for longer periods of time. This study provides promising data on [pICPEI] as a potential novel therapeutic agent against human leiomyoma.