Las organizaciones de migrantes zacatecanos y ecuatorianos. el nuevo agente del desarrollo transnacional

During the last twenty years the academic and political debate on migration and development has increased both in recipient countries as emitters. The dominant position tends to promote an apologetic remittance address and view the migrants and their associations as new agents responsible for local and regional development in their countries of origin. The purpose of this thesis is to offer a critical view of this stance based on an analysis of the Ecuadorian and Zacatecas organized migrant in two different contexts of arrival. Without prejudice to some progress, we want to highlight how, in the absence of comprehensive public policies of development and migration, it is practically impossible for migrant associations can materialize, yet is structurally restricted terms, its declared potential as new local and regional development agents/actors. This limitation is constrained, among other factors, by: a) the structural historical context of departure and arrival of migrants; (b) their economic, social and political inclusion in those contexts; (c) the mechanisms and modalities of organization and functioning of the organizations of migrants; (d) the type of relations established with the communities of origin; e) its link with the different levels of Government, both in origin and destination, as well as with other social actors involved in the phenomenon, are international organizations, foundations, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, Church, etc, and f) actual objectives of co-development in Spain and programa 3 x 1 in Mexico, without prejudice to the progressive views driven by the Ecuadorian Government. These issues are analyzed under a dual lens: on the one hand, the official discourse of Governments and international organizations on the role of the organizations of migrants as "new actors in development" and, on the other hand, the social construction that migrants themselves make on a daily basis through its transnational organizations facing a neoliberal context that is adverse to them, the limitations of their own organizational processes and the contradictions of social and economic projects that have been involved, both origin and at destination.