This doctoral thesis concerns the new frontiers of ethics in the light of Artificial Intelligence, analysing, from a perspective of critical hermeneutics, the application of cyber-philosophy in Moor & Bynum (2002) in the sense of the intersection between philosophy and computing, by endowing with ethical content, from their programming, the different tools provided to us by AI and, going beyond an ideology of AI following Cortina (2024), by means of an examination of European Union regulations through an analysis of legal ethics. Taking into account the various areas of application of this new technology, it examines, from a machine ethics perspective (Latorre, 2019), how its programming must always depend upon a human being who stands behind it, through an authorised community of arguers with strong participation from civil society, as the principal user of these tools. In the sense of the impact they generate upon global society, the use of ICTs, Big Data and Small Data, from a business ethics approach, is applied to the corporate sphere and to the market for goods and services, which also includes education, as contemplated in the Spanish Charter of Digital Rights. Thus, this work is developed from a practical ethics approach which also analyses the German code of ethics on autonomous vehicles in the light of Lütge’s (2015) ethics of order, as well as its regulatory impact within liberal democratic societies in globalised contexts, pointing to the new frontiers of road safety education as well as the notion of guilt in Roxin (1997). This in turn entails a transversal and interdisciplinary analysis in relation to AI, encompassing human–robot interaction from a critical hermeneutic standpoint which exposes the problem of newly-coined anthropomorphisms (Bartneck, Belpaeme, Eyssel, Takayuqi, Keisejers and Sabonovic, 2020), which transfer human characteristics to this type of technology from the different spheres of human–robot interaction. Finally, a business ethics exercise was carried out from an innovation hub, drafting the sustainability report for the company GESMED and assessing the social impact of ICTs on the databases of its centres and residences for older adults that provide home care services (SAD), as well as the drafting of the corporate code of ethics. The aim was to apply cyber-philosophy as an intersection between philosophy and computing from critical hermeneutics, developing the interactive platform www.https://dialecticproyect.org as a pilot project and exercise in practical ethics, where the responsible use of ICTs on the Internet converged with the application of a social robot in a second stage to confront the biases of programmers and of part of the teaching staff in this era of post-truth. Due to the promotion of hatred, violence and discrimination not only in classrooms and on social networks through bullying and cyberbullying, but also by some teachers with regard to such sensitive issues as hate crimes, including antisemitism, in the absence of a public reason following Cooke (1997) and communicative reason and shared responsibility in accordance with Cortina (1985), it was deemed necessary to conclude with a glossary of terminology relating to AI, with the aim of attempting to unify terms originating in the Anglo-Saxon language, which generate confusion among the global population. All of this is in pursuit of tracing the new frontiers of ethics in the light of Artificial Intelligence, where, if the Greek agora cannot migrate to the virtual space, we then propose to undertake an exercise in both practical and discursive ethics in relation to the programming of the computer chips that constitute the brain of AI, from the deep neural networks that underpin both Machine Learning and Deep Learning.
Tesis Doctoral con Mención Internacional. Cum Laude. Doctorado en Ética y Democracia
