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Language Gaceta internacional de ciencias forenses. 2022. No. 43
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- Parricidio y delirio místico religioso. A propósito de un caso(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Vecino Madruga, Lisandra; Rodríguez Cárdenas, Orestes; Estupiñán Rodríguez, Norge; Rodríguez Hernández, EldalinaEl parricidio siempre ha sido considerado como un delito especialmente repulsivo y ha evolucionado a través de los tiempos junto a los conceptos de familia y de persona. Actualmente se utiliza para denominar la muerte violenta de familiares cercanos al autor del delito, especialmente padre o madre, por cuanto parricida es aquel que da muerte a parientes muy próximos a él. La relación entre religión y salud mental viene cargada, en la cultura occidental, de una historia de encuentros y desencuentros durante los últimos siglos. La religión, que forma parte de la cultura, con gran fuerza en muchas poblaciones, es un factor que influye en el pensamiento y la conducta social del sujeto, existiendo evidencias de vínculos entre religión y conductas violentas, tanto a favor como en contra de la realización de las mismas. Las creencias religiosas pueden influir en sentido negativo y promover comportamientos calificados dentro de la violencia. Así desde tiempos ancestrales, hasta nuestros días, en formaciones económico-sociales muy primitivas o muy desarrolladas se han recogido evidencias, de suicidios y homicidios sobre bases religiosas fundamentalistas o fanáticas. En el presente trabajo se aborda la presentación de un caso, de un individuo de 35 años de edad, sin antecedentes de trastornos psiquiátricos, que durante un cuadro de desorden mental agudo, caracterizado por ideas delirantes místico religiosas de mecanismo de producción alucinatorio, hubo de provocarle la muerte a su madre de forma violenta.
- Importancia de la documentación odontológica para la identificación humana en Gendarmería Nacional Argentina(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Briem Stamm, Alan Diego; Millán, Martín; Corona, Eugenio; Rusconi, Jorge; Juárez, Osvaldo; Pérez, Néstor; Zemborain, CarlosDental record matching is one of the three primary criteria for establishing a categorical identity. The documentation prepared by the clinical dentist can provide essential data in identification processes. The generation of digital databases of dental information represents a key strategy in the ante-mortem-post-mortem comparison. The members of security forces such as the Argentine National Gendarmerie are exposed to multiple eventualities that put their physical integrity at risk, challenging the confirmation of their identity when the condition of their bodies does not allow the application of traditional methodologies for this purpose. This report analyzes forensic situations with the intervention of gendarme dentists and discusses the need to implement in the institutional setting a protocolized system of digitized dental files that makes it possible to grant greater speed in contexts of human identification.
- El paciente, el médico, el abogado y los problemas procesales de la vía judicial en la responsabilidad médico legal(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Araujo Cuauro, Juan CarlosIn the field of medical law, this research article was devoted to the study of the legal link, which constitutes the doctor- patient relationship, which causes a chain of obligations for the parties involved and from which legal consequences or consequences are also derived, from the breach of the same or their negligent fulfillment, medical liability is born, which is currently one of the most relevant subjects of study within the professional liability. The notions about the procedural problems of the judicial way when the doctor-patient relationship enters in conflicts and intervenes or enters the procedural scene in this affected relationship, the legal professionals, that is to say the lawyers in their wanderings in search of justice for their client (patient) are approached. The need to intervene towards a new arrangement of the doctor-patient relationship, giving it more legal sense and above all ethical-moral sense, but always taking care not to allow either the doctor or the lawyer to monopolize the procedures and the patient's perspectives. Undoubtedly, the unbalanced relationship between the physician and the patient gives rise to readjustments that the legal norm has wanted to monopolize through the judicial channel without taking into account the situations that arise due to the procedural problems resulting from the medico-legal liability.
- Éxtasis como droga facilitadora de agresión sexual(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Navarro Escayola, Esperanza; Vega Vega, Clara; Hernando Torrecilla, CristinaSubstances with psychoactive effects have been used throughout history to facilitate sexual assault (DFSA). Those most frequently implicated are those with central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects such as alcohol, GHB or benzodiazepines. CNS stimulating substances, such as MDMA or ecstasy, have also been used for this purpose, both in the voluntary and involuntary administration of substances (opportunistic and proactive DFSA). In this work, 4 cases are reported, studied in the IMLCF of Alicante, which took place in a short period of time. The results indicated that MDMA together with alcohol were involved in this type of violence.
- Delitos en el ámbito de la salud mental(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Bertolín Guillén, José ManuelIntroduction: We will deal with the responsibilities that come from our Civil and Penal Codes as well as additional legislation concerning both the health personnel?s criminal professional actions and the crimes by patients with severe mental disease. Material and method: Critical, narrative and observational study on legislation and national and international scientific literature. The most recent, objective and important contributions have been selected. Results and discussion: The less severe crimes in the health general scope are those related to failure to give assistance or to carelessness or negligence according to our current penal code. Every health worker is obligated by lex artis ad hoc and by the duty to care. The most frequent and severe crimes regarding mental health are suicide due to professional imprudence, injuries or damage, omission of the duty to aid and secret disclosure. To act according to the due qualification is important. Usually, malpractice is the origin of crimes which are attributable to health workers. For their part, criminals with mental disorders have the right to appropriate treatment and trial. For them, the possible penal consequences will be the declaration of exemption or attenuation of liability and security measures. The evaluation of their mental capacity is a permanent challenge. The articles 763 of the Law of Civil Procedure and 381 of the Law of Criminal Procedure have to be taken into account. Conclusions: We have mainly examined the complex civil and penal liability of health workers and of patients with severe mental diseases.
- Ética y psiquiatría. Una dualidad médico-filosófica(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) de la Cámara Sahuquillo, EdurneEn salud mental, el estigma, la discriminación y la potencial vulneración de los derechos de los pacientes son una problemática oscura que debe ser analizada a la luz de los conceptos bioéticos de autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Se entiende la enfermedad mental como un posible escape o distanciamiento de la realidad y su variabilidad, como un alejamiento de lo establecido por la sociedad. Es un desequilibrio que, filosófica y éticamente hablando, dificulta o impide la realización de proyectos por parte de los individuos y les privan la libertad, provocando el sufrimiento de los pacientes y de su entorno, formando una red social, sanitaria, personal y familiar. Por otro lado, se pretende tratar la psiquiatría desde el punto de vista humanista, filosófico y ético sin perder de vista la concepción histórica y psicobiológica de las enfermedades mentales, así como los problemas sociales que van ligados a la patología mental, en concreto con el lenguaje psiquiátrico. Se intenta por tanto evadir las reglas destinadas a producir una conducta normalizada, estandarizada, caracterizada por el culto a la salud y el miedo a la enfermedad, a la medicalización de la existencia y a la consagración del psicologismo, proponiendo este artículo ser un canto esperanzador a la dignidad humana del paciente psiquiátrico y de todo aquel que vive por y para él.
