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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2026. Vol. 18, no. 3
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- The prevalence of early implant failure and associated risk factors: a retrospective study(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Yuyuen, U-rachanee; Rattanasuwan, Kanyawat; Banlue, AkkapolThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of early implant failure at Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry of Mahidol University.All implant placements performed between 2016 and 2023 were collected from the hospital's database (SSB program) using specific treatment codes. Failed implants were retrieved from the claimed implant list and categorized as early or late failures based on the timing of final restoration. Early failures were selected for further analysis, with data extracted from their respective treatment records, including patient's demographic data, periodontal status, and implant's characteristics.A total of 7,368 dental implants were placed, of which 114 failed before final restoration and were subsequently removed. The prevalence of early implant failure was 1.55%. Univariate analysis revealed associations between early implant failure and a history of periodontitis, diameter of implant, location of implant placement, level of implant platform as determined by radiographic analysis, covering materials of implants. Moreover, length of implant was also having a trend toward association with early implant failure (p=0.052). From multivariate logistic regression analysis, only diameter (p=0.003) and length of implant (p=0.022) were associated with early implant failure.Our findings suggest that implant diameters less than 3.5 mm and lengths less than 10 mm are associated with an increased risk of early implant failure. Further research is warranted to clarify the influence of other potential contributing factors.
- Clinical confidence in endodontics: a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students’ first patient experience(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Gálvez, Isabel; Antoranz Pereda, Ana; Navarrete Marabini, Natalia; Muñoz Corcuera, MartaEndodontics is a complex and often stressful dental procedure for undergraduate students, requiring the development of fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Performing this treatment for the first time on patients can be particularly challenging. This cross-sectional observational study aims to evaluate the perceptions and self-reported confidence levels of fifth-year dental students when performing their first endodontic treatment on patients.Following their first root canal treatment performed in the clinical setting under the supervision of an endodontics instructor, fifth-year students completed a structured questionnaire. The survey included Likert-scale items assessing perceived case difficulty and confidence across various stages of the procedure. Additionally, an open-ended question was included to gather qualitative feedback for potential improvements in endodontic education.A total of 179 students completed the questionnaire, yielding a 89.5% response rate. Molars were reported as the most challenging teeth to treat, while premolars were the most frequently treated. Students identified root canal obturation as the most complex phase of the procedure and reported the lowest confidence during working length determination.Enhancing the number of preclinical workshops prior to patient-based endodontic treatments may improve students' confidence and help them develop the manual skills necessary for successful clinical performance.
- Evaluation of ChatGPT’s accuracy, repeatability, and reasoning ability in prosthodontics education: a cross-sectional comparative study with prosthodontists(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Perween, Naila; Singh Khurana, Punit Raj; Aggarwal, Anju; Chaudhary, Aditya; Kumar, Kartika Nitin; Hassan, Sahba; Sekhar, Athulya R.The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT in dental education is increasing, yet their accuracy, reasoning quality, and reliability remain underexplored in specialized fields like prosthodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in answering prosthodontics-based questions by comparing its accuracy with that of experienced Prosthodontists, as well as assessing its repeatability and reasoning ability.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 36 validated prosthodontics-based questions, categorized by difficulty (easy, medium, hard) and type (theoretical, clinical). Responses were obtained from a panel of Prosthodontists via Google Form and from ChatGPT 4-o mini version, twice daily for 15 days. Each group generated 1080 responses. Accuracy of ChatGPT's responses was compared with Prosthodontists' responses. ChatGPT's reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Five subject matter experts rated ChatGPT's reasoning quality on a 3-point Likert scale, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between reasoning and accuracy.Prosthodontists outperformed ChatGPT in overall accuracy (p < 0.05), with significant differences observed particularly for medium-difficulty and clinical questions. ChatGPT demonstrated fair reliability (ICC = 0.427), with SEM of 25.18 and CV of 61.7% indicating moderate variability. Reasoning analysis showed that 38.9% of ChatGPT's responses were rated strong, while 36.1% were rated poor. A significant positive correlation was found between reasoning quality and accuracy (r = 0.353, p = 0.035).ChatGPT demonstrates moderate ability in delivering accurate theoretical information but lacks consistency and clinical judgment. Its role should be limited to a supplementary aid in dental education, with expert oversight required to ensure accuracy and contextual relevance.
- Evaluation of gingival condition in asthmatic children(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Ruiz Hernández, Andrea; Silvestre Donat, Francisco Javier; Tortajada Girbés, Miguel; Silvestre Rangil, JavierAsthma is considered to be the most common chronic respiratory disorder in children, and it has been suggested that asthmatic children may be at an increased risk of developing gingival disease. A study was made to evaluate the level of oral hygiene and gingival health in asthmatic children, and to explore their possible relationship with the severity of asthma.A total of 187 children (108 with asthma and 79 healthy controls) between 6-16 years of age were studied. A questionnaire was used to collect information on habits of oral hygiene. The presence of mouth breathing was recorded, and an oral clinical examination was carried out based on the following indices: Silness-Löe plaque index, simplified Greene-Vermillion oral hygiene index, Löe-Silness gingival index, Ainamo and Bay bleeding on probing index, and the community periodontal index (CPI). The severity of asthma was classified following the recommendations of the Spanish Guide on the Management of Asthma (GuÃa Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]).The level of oral hygiene was similar in both groups. Mouth breathing was more frequent among the asthmatic children (p<0.001), and the gingival index and bleeding on probing scores were higher (p=0.005 and p=0.013, respectively).Mouth breathing was more common in the asthmatic children, and they had higher gingival index and bleeding on probing scores than the healthy controls, despite good habits of oral hygiene.
- Influence of wavelength on light transmittance, heat generation and pulpal cellular response across different restorative procedures(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Singh, Sharanya; Rocha, Mateus-Garcia; Silvino, Alexandre; Wallet, Shannon; Sinhoreti, Mario-Alexandre-Coelho; Oliveira, DayaneThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different wavelengths on light transmittance, heat generation, and pulpal cellular response across different restorative procedures.Standardized 5mmx5mm Class I preparations and dentin discs were prepared, leaving 0.5mm of dentin at the pulpal floor using extracted third molars. Direct restorations on the Class I preparations were performed using conventional or bulk-fill composites, and 1.5mm ceramic restorations were cemented onto the dentin discs with resin cement. Light-curing procedures were performed using blue (460nm), green (520nm), and red (620nm) wavelengths at 1000 mW/cm². The degree of conversion was assessed using FTIR-ATR (Nicolet iS20). Specimens were positioned above the input sensor of a spectrophotometer (MARC-LC) for the light-transmittance analyses or in a customized oral cavity chamber simulator for temperature variations analyses using an infrared thermal camera (FLIR ONE PRO), with measurements performed on the pulpal floor. Odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were exposed to the same maximum radiant exposure that reached the pulp chamber, and cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. A power analysis was conducted to determine the sample size to provide a power of at least 0.8 with =0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.Degree of conversion did not differ across wavelengths/irradiance conditions (p>0.09). Across all restorative procedures tested, light transmittance to the pulpal floor increased with longer wavelengths (p<0.05). Increased material thickness resulted in significant reductions in transmittance across all wavelengths (p<0.001), with longer wavelengths less affected by this attenuation. Thermal analysis demonstrated that shorter wavelengths produced significantly greater temperature increases within the pulp chamber (p<0.05), while red light consistently produced the lowest changes (p<0.01). Cell viability analysis revealed that red light maintained cell viability at levels statistically similar to those of non-irradiated controls (p=0.23); blue and green light significantly reduced cell viability (p<0.05).Within the limitations of this in vitro model, it was possible to conclude that longer wavelengths demonstrate increased light transmission, lower temperature rise, and higher cell viability compared to shorter wavelengths delivered at equal exposure.
- Influence of polishing protocols on surface roughness and color properties of a zirconia-based nano-hybrid resin composite(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) da Silva Souza, Eduarda Carla; Gomes, Larissa de Jesus; Barros, Leonardo Santos; Lima, Débora Alves Nunes Leite; Turssi, CecÃlia P.; Gomes França, Fabiana Mantovani; Basting, Rosanna-Tarkany; Vieira-Junior, Waldemir-FranciscoThis study evaluated the impact of polishing procedures on the surface texture and color stability of two nano-hybrid resin composites, with or without zirconia filler.Cylindrical specimens (6 × 2 mm) were fabricated using a nano-hybrid resin composite containing zirconia (Forma, Ultradent) or a composite without zirconia (Empress Direct, Ivoclar Vivadent). Specimens were subjected to two finishing and polishing protocols (n = 12): aluminum oxide abrasive disks (Sof-Lex, 3M) or disk-shaped abrasive rubbers (Jiffy, Ultradent). Roughness (Ra, µm) and color (CIEL*a*b* system, CIEDE2000, Vita shade guide units [SGU]) were measured at baseline, after polishing protocol, and after immersion in coffee solution.were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, along with Tukey-Kramer, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests ( = 0.05). Results: All groups exhibited an increase in Ra after polishing, with the highest values observed in specimens polished with abrasive rubbers (p < 0.05). SGU values significantly increased for both resin composites following coffee exposure, although the zirconia-based composite showed lower overall SGU changes (p < 0.05). After staining, Eab and E00 values were greater for the abrasive rubber groups compared to the aluminum oxide disk groups and were also higher for the non-zirconia resin composite compared to the zirconia-based material (p < 0.0001).Polishing with aluminum oxide abrasive disks resulted in smoother surfaces and reduced susceptibility to staining. Nevertheless, the zirconia-containing resin composite demonstrated superior color stability regardless of the polishing method.
- Evaluation of hard palate bone thickness on cone -beam computed tomographs for orthodontic mini-implant placement: a cross-sectional study(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Huaynate-Cuadrado, Silvia; Chávez Sevillano, Manuel Gustavo; Blanco-Victorio, Daniel José; Palomino-Gómez, Sandra P.; Arieta Miranda, Jessica; Quintão, Cátia Cardoso Abdo; Pérez Vargas, Luis FernandoThis study aimed to determine the bone thickness of the hard palate using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to identify suitable sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement.Fifty CBCT scans were analyzed, comprising 31 women (mean age, 25.77 ± 7.16 yr.) and 19 men (mean age, 26.16 ± 6.92 yr.), aged 18-45 yr. Measurements were obtained using Real Scan 2.0 software on coronal sections at 4, 8, 12, and 16 mm posterior to the incisal foramen (IF) and at 0, 3, and 6 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane (MSP) on both sides. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata v15 using the Shapiro--Wilk, Mann--Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Kruskal--Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests, with a 95% confidence level.No significant differences were observed between the right and left sides. The greatest mean bone thickness was found at slice 4 along the MSP (5.91 ± 1.72 mm). A significant decrease in bone thickness was noted toward the lateral and posterior regions, except at slice 16. Men exhibited significantly greater bone thickness than women at 4, 8, and 12 mm. Slice 4 corresponded to the region between the first and second premolars in 48% of participants, whereas slice 8 corresponded to the level of the second premolar in 76% of participants.The region of the hard palate with the greatest bone thickness was identified at slice 4 (4 mm posterior to the IF) at 0, 3, and 6 mm lateral to the MSP, located in 48% of subjects between the first and second premolars. Men demonstrated significantly greater bone thickness than women at all slices except slice 16.
- Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy for Diabetes Patients with Periodontal Disease(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Moya Villaescusa, MarÃa José; Sánchez Pérez, Arturo J.; Arráez Monllor, Marta; Portillo Ortega, P.; Mateos Moreno, BibianaDiabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis are chronic conditions with a well-established bidirectional relationship. This interaction not only worsens periodontitis severity but also complicates glycemic control. We aimed to determine whether nonsurgical periodontal treatment reduces glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at 3 and 6 months in type II diabetic patients with periodontal disease.In this sequential case-control study conducted at the University Dental Clinic in Murcia, Spain, we enrolled thirty diabetic patients. Participants were allocated to either a test group (receiving comprehensive periodontal treatment with scaling and root planing) or a control group (receiving supragingival plaque removal only). Both groups received oral hygiene instructions. We evaluated periodontal parameters (HI, GBI, PPD, CAL) and HbA1c levels at baseline, 3, and 6 months, analyzing data with repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction.The periodontal treatment group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in HbA1c levels at both 3 and 6 months post-treatment (p < 0.05). In contrast, we observed no significant changes in the control group.Our findings indicate that periodontal disease associates with elevated HbA1c levels in diabetic patients. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment significantly reduces both periodontal inflammation and HbA1c levels at 3 and 6 months, supporting its integration into comprehensive diabetes management.
- Nerve combing for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Maruyama, Yoshihito; Takizawa, Keita; Kawai Ozasa, Kana; Young, Andrew; Otani, Naoki; Noma, NoboruTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is classified into classical, secondary, and idiopathic forms, but the pathophysiology and optimal surgical management of idiopathic TN remain controversial, especially in the absence of definite neurovascular compression. We report two cases of idiopathic TN successfully treated with nerve combing combined with posterior fossa exploration. A 44-year-old woman and a 73-year-old man presented with medically refractory paroxysmal facial pain, and preoperative MRI demonstrated vascular contact without clear compression. Intraoperatively, thickened arachnoid adhesions and axial torsion of the trigeminal nerve root were identified. Meticulous arachnoid dissection restored normal nerve alignment, followed by nerve combing. In one case, intraoperative compound nerve action potential monitoring suggested reduced neural hyperexcitability. Both patients achieved complete postoperative pain relief with only transient sensory disturbances. These cases indicate that axial torsion of the trigeminal nerve root caused by arachnoid adhesions may play a role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic TN. A diagnostic trial of carbamazepine can serve as a valuable adjunct for the clinical diagnosis of orofacial pain disorders suggestive of trigeminal neuralgia, even in the absence of neurovascular compression on MRI. Furthermore, nerve combing combined with meticulous arachnoid dissection may represent an effective surgical strategy for select patients.
- Non-ulcerated necrotizing sialometaplasia: a case series(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Godoy-Latorre, Constanza; RodrÃguez Luengo, Macarena; Morales, Rolando; Córdova, Pablo; Marshall, Maureen; MartÃnez, René; Niklander, SvenNecrotizing sialometaplasia is an uncommon, locally destructive inflammatory condition that most frequently affects the minor salivary glands of the palate, although salivary glands at other sites can also be affected. Its clinical presentation is generally characterized by the presence of a painful, ulcerated swelling, but in the early stages, it might not be ulcerated which makes its diagnosis very challenging. Although it is a benign, self-limited condition, care must be taken during diagnosis, as it can mimic malignant processes, both clinically and histologically. Here we report three uncommon cases of non-ulcerated necrotizing sialometaplasia with its clinical and histopathological characteristics.
- Appearance of necrotizing sialometaplasia temporarily associated with MDMA consumption(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Plaza-Matos, Eymi; López Vicente, José; Larrea RodrÃguez, Nerea; Alberdi Navarro, JavierWe reported the case of a 24-year-old woman presented with necrotizing sialometaplasia associated temporally with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use. The patient reported having consumed MDMA powder licked onto the oral mucosa days before the appearance of the lesions. Symptomatic treatment of the presenting lesions was carried out, with a follow-up that demonstrated complete healing of the lesions. The clinical case is presented and possible pathophysiological mechanisms that may justify the relationship between MDMA and necrotizing sialometaplasia are discussed. This report describes the relationship between a new, previously undescribed aetiological factor related to necrotizing sialometaplasia.
- Microbial control and a simple regenerative endodontic protocol achieve durable apical healing and long-term root development: a 10-year case report(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Cumplido Mendoza, Mario A.; Pineda-Vélez, Eliana; Contreras Morillo, Marian; Ardila Medina, Carlos MartÃnRegenerative endodontics offers a biologically driven alternative to apexification for immature teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. We report the management of an 11-year-old girl with a history of dentoalveolar trauma and an immature maxillary left central incisor (tooth 21) presenting with gray discoloration, negative sensibility, and a defined apical radiolucency (Nolla stage 9). Treatment followed a conservative, accessible protocol: disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, placement of triple-antibiotic paste (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin), and, at two weeks, irrigation with 17% EDTA, apical bleeding induction by controlled over-instrumentation, placement of a collagen matrix, and sealing with white mineral trioxide aggregate under a definitive composite restoration. A separate endodontic treatment was later performed on tooth 11 for mastication pain unrelated to the regenerative site. Long-term follow-up showed progressive and stable tissue regeneration. At 4 years, periapical radiography revealed early hard-tissue deposition in the middle and apical thirds and a slight increase in root length. At 8 years, marked root elongation and dentinal wall thickening were evident, improving structural prognosis. Cone-beam CT at 10 years confirmed complete apical closure, absence of periapical pathology, and substantial thickening of canal walls. Clinically, periodontal health remained intact and the tooth recovered a positive response to cold testing, consistent with true pulpal regeneration. This case demonstrates that meticulous microbial control combined with a simple, cost-conscious regenerative protocol may be associated with durable apical healing, continued root development, and functional recovery in an immature traumatized incisor. Although this is a single case and the findings are not generalizable, the sustained radiographic and clinical outcomes over a decade suggest that regenerative endodontics can be a feasible option in selected comparable cases when performed under appropriate clinical conditions.
- Evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation using collagen and platelet-rich fibrin: a systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Gil-Morales, Julia; Galletti, Cosimo; Flores Fraile, Javier; Greethurst, Alice Rose; Galletti, Fulvia; Real Voltas, FranciscoAlveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction may compromise future implant placement and aesthetic outcomes. Several biomaterials have been proposed to limit post-extraction dimensional changes, among which collagen-based materials and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are widely used. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen and PRF in alveolar ridge preservation compared with spontaneous healing.This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024489237). An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2014 onwards. Studies conducted in adult humans that evaluated horizontal and/or vertical alveolar ridge changes after tooth extraction were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.Sixteen RCTs were included. Collagen-based interventions, particularly when combined with bone grafts such as deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), demonstrated a significant reduction in vertical and horizontal bone loss compared with spontaneous healing in several studies. PRF-based protocols showed heterogeneous results regarding dimensional bone preservation, with limited benefit when PRF was used alone. However, PRF-especially advanced or recurrent applications-was consistently associated with improved soft tissue healing and reduced postoperative pain. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in biomaterial preparation, application protocols, follow-up duration, and outcome assessment.Both collagen and PRF can contribute to alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction, although their clinical benefits differ. Collagen, particularly when combined with bone grafts, appears more effective in preserving alveolar dimensions, while PRF provides greater advantages in soft tissue healing and postoperative pain control. The choice of biomaterial should be guided by the clinical objective and extraction site. Further well-designed, standardized long-term RCTs are needed to establish definitive clinical recommendations.
- How uncommon is the occurrence of orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst in the maxilla? A systematic review and a new case report(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Monteiro de Ataide, Dhara Schrok; Preto, Kaique-Alberto; dos Santos, Gabriela Lopes; Costa, Beethoven Estevao; Kawakami, Roberto Yoshio; Oliveira, Denise TostesThe orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a benign intraosseous lesion, typically found in the posterior mandible in male patients in the third and fourth decades of life. Although there has been a growing number of documented cases in the last decade, the prevalence and unique characteristics of maxillary OOC remain poorly understood.To assess how uncommon is OOC occurrence in the maxilla, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using the major electronic databases and rigorous criteria, including a new case report involving a young male patient.A total of 36 OOC located specifically in the maxilla was analyzed. The results demonstrated that OOC in the maxilla is a rare finding. Interestingly, the majority of instances are associated with an impacted tooth, mainly unerupted third molars and canines, a pattern previously unexplored in the literature. An isolated occurrence of an OOC in the posterior maxilla without involvement of a third molar tooth, as observed in this present case, is relatively uncommon and has been reported in only five other cases. Careful enucleation and curettage with removal of the impacted teeth, when present, followed by histopathological analysis, has proven to be the most effective approach for accurate diagnosis and clinical success.This study reinforces that orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in the maxilla, especially when associated with unerupted third molars and canines, which may clinically resemble dentigerous cysts.
- Association of oral epithelial dysplasia with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in individuals with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesion(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Marques, LetÃcia-Côgo; Gonçalves Barbosa, Simone Sant’Anna; Lopes, Danielle Nobre; Cunha, Karin-Soares; Silva-Junior, Arley; Conde, Danielle-CastexOral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) are potentially malignant disorders that share clinical and histopathological features. Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a key indicator of malignant transformation risk in these disorders. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between the severity of OED and sociodemographic variables, hepatitis C infection, and clinical aspects in patients with OLP and OLL.The sample comprised 65 biopsies from 56 participants with OLP or OLL, classified according to the criteria of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (excluding the absence of OED as a diagnostic criterion for OLP). Data were retrieved from electronic medical records, and photographs taken at the time of biopsy were independently reviewed by two stomatologists and one oral pathologist to classify the clinical patterns. The presence and severity of OED were assessed according to the 2017 World Health Organization system and evaluated independently by two oral pathologists.A statistically significant association was observed between OED severity and patient age (p=0.004). No significant associations were found with sex, skin color, harmful habits, hepatitis C history, clinical pattern, or anatomical site.Older patients were more likely to present moderate/severe OED, highlighting the importance of age as a risk factor for progression in OLP and OLL.
- Prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth among young Peruvians: a large cross-sectional study(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Damián Navarro, Lilian; Esquivel-Ortega, Manuel; Llaguno-Rubio, Jhoana Mercedes; Fiori-Chincaro, Gustavo Adolf; Arriola-Guillén, Luis-ErnestoTo determine the prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) and supernumerary teeth (ST) in young Peruvian individuals aged 13 to 20 years based on panoramic radiographs taken between 2020 and 2025. Materials and This cross-sectional and retrospective study complied with all ethical standards. Digital panoramic radiographs from two radiological centers in Peru (n = 7,903) were evaluated to analyze and detect the presence of impacted and supernumerary teeth. All DPRs were assessed by two previously trained and calibrated investigators. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were used, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.The study found a prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) of 58.7%, with no significant difference between sexes (p = 0.361). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth (ST) was 3.9% (males 5.5%, females 2.5%; p < 0.001). Single ST were observed in 68.9% of cases, with no sex-related differences (p = 0.195). No maxillary or mandibular predominance was found (p = 0.717); however, a higher frequency of ST was recorded in the posterior region (56.1%, p = 0.088) and of the supplemental type (51.9%), with no differences by sex (p = 0.185). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of ST in males (B = 2.28, p < 0.001), with no influence of age (p = 0.200). The most frequently impacted teeth were third molars (n = 3,579), followed by canines (n = 1,101) and incisors (n = 60).The prevalence of impacted teeth in young Peruvian patients was within the high range reported in the literature, with no significant differences by sex or age. Third molars were the most commonly impacted teeth, followed by canines. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was within the average range reported in previous studies, being higher in males, predominantly single and located in the posterior region, with no age-related effect. Periodic radiographic evaluations during adolescence are recommended for early detection, as well as further research in young patients during the critical period of completion of permanent dental maturation.
- Sample size calculation practices in original research articles of the Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (2021–2025)(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Sánchez-Tito, MarcoSample size calculation is essential for methodological rigor and statistical validity in dental research, yet deficiencies in its reporting and coherence with statistical analysis remain frequent. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and methodological coherence of sample size calculation practices in original research articles published in the Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (JCDE).A methodological review was conducted, including original research articles published between January 2021 and December 2025. Extracted variables comprised study design, sample size reporting, characteristics of the sample size calculation, statistical tests applied, and coherence between the calculation model and the final analysis. Study designs were grouped into in vitro, clinical, and observational categories. Descriptive statistics were summarized using absolute and relative frequencies. Bivariate associations were assessed using the chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with methodological coherence.Of 631 eligible articles, 176 (27.9%) reported a sample size calculation. Complete and methodologically coherent reporting was identified in only 9 studies (1.43%). Methodological coherence differed significantly by study design in bivariate analyses (p < 0.05). In the adjusted model, clinical and observational studies showed higher odds of coherent sample size calculation compared with in vitro studies.Sample size calculations in JCDE are infrequently reported and often methodologically incoherent. Study design appears to be a key determinant of coherence, underscoring the need for improved integration of statistical planning and reporting standards.
- Use and misuse of ANOVA in in vitro biomaterials studies: a methodological analysis of the last ten years in the Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Sánchez-Tito, MarcoThis study aimed to estimate the frequency and characterize the nature of methodological errors related to the selection, application, and interpretation of ANOVA and related tests in in vitro biomaterials studies published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry (JCED) over the last ten years.A methodological review was conducted of original in vitro biomaterials articles published in JCED between 2016 and 2025. Studies reporting the use of ANOVA or derived procedures were included. Data were extracted on publication characteristics, statistical tests applied, verification of statistical assumptions, post hoc procedures, and statistical software. ANOVA use was classified as inappropriate when inconsistencies between reported and applied methods were identified, when assumption verification was inadequate or not specified, when post hoc procedures were inappropriate, or when statistical methods were incompletely reported.A total of 345 in vitro biomaterials studies were included. Although ANOVA was widely used, complete verification of statistical assumptions based on model residuals was uncommon. The most frequent methodological errors associated with misused ANOVA were failure to specify the post hoc test used (50.0%) and inappropriate application of post hoc procedures (31.6%). Additional issues included incompatible post hoc tests following global analyses and discrepancies between methods and results.Despite its central role in in vitro dental research, ANOVA is frequently misused or inadequately reported in biomaterials studies. Strengthening statistical training and enforcing clearer editorial standards may substantially improve the validity, transparency, and reproducibility of experimental dental research.
