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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2020. Vol. 12, no. 11
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- Vertical gingival display changes associated with upper premolars extraction orthodontic treatment : a prospective clinical trial(2020) Fallas, Michel F.; Abu Alhaija, Elham; Alkhateeb, Susan N.; Samawi, Shadi S.Extraction of upper bicuspids have been anecdotally blamed to increase the vertical gingival display (VGD) anteriorly. However, the extraction may be needed in some cases in order to correct the underlying orthodontic problem. Objectives: To investigate and compare vertical gingival display (VGD) changes associated with upper (first vs second) premolars extraction during orthodontic treatment. Design: A prospective clinical trial. Setting: Postgraduate dental teaching clinics at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST). Sample population: Sixty orthodontic patients were included in the study. They were treated with upper first or second premolars extraction according to the underlying problem and the individualized treatment plan of each patient. Records (radiographs, study casts and clinical photographs) were taken for all subjects pre- and post- orthodontic treatment. Outcome measures: Pre- and post-treatment VGD, lip length in static and dynamic positions and the amount of upper teeth retractions were recorded. The paired and the independent t- test were used to detect differences within/between groups. Factors affecting VGD were investigated using backward stepwise linear regression analysis. In both static and dynamic captures, VGD increased after orthodontic treatment in both premolars extraction groups. Pre- and post-treatment variables differed significantly in groups 1 and 2. VGD changes were similar in both treatment groups. A significant association was found between VGD change during orthodontic treatment and upper canine retraction (P<0.001), pre-treatment ANB angle (P<0.01) and upper incisor retraction(P<0.05). The amount of anterior VGD increases after upper premolars extraction. The increase in VGD after first and second premolars extractions was comparable. The increase in VGD after orthodontic treatment is associated with the amount of canine retraction, pre-treatment ANB and the amount of incisor retraction.
- Halitosis, reduced salivary flow and the quality of life in pre-kidney transplantation patients(2020) Santaella, Natalia-Garcia; Maciel, Aloizio-Premoli; Simpione, Guilherme; Santos, Paulo Sergio da SilvaHalitosis is a condition that affects 50% of adults and one third of patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral manifestations and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) associated with halitosis and quality of life in pre-kidney transplantation candidates. The organoleptic test (OT) and halimetry (HA) (before and after cysteine mouthwash) were performed in patients with the Oralchroma® device, stimulated (SE) and non-stimulated sialometry (SN), Tongue Coating Index (TCI). The OHIP-14 questionnaire was administered to assess the impact of oral health on quality of life. Fourteen individuals with a mean age of 49.64 ± 13.35 years were evaluated. In the organoleptic test, 57.14% of the individuals presented halitosis. Oralchroma results showed that dimethyl sulfide was above the threshold in 85.71% of the individuals, while hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were above threshold in 28.57%; after the use of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide was present in 100% of the cases, dimethyl sulfide in 57.14% and methyl mercaptan in 50%. In the non-stimulated sialometry, 57.14% of the individuals presented hyposalivation and 21.42% in the stimulated. Regarding the tongue coating index, 100% of the individuals presented tongue coating, with a mean of 7.64. The assessment of impact of oral health on quality of life showed a negative impact in all dimensions. Tongue coating, in association with hydrogen sulfide, was the main cause of halitosis in the study subjects, and hyposalivation may contribute to higher tongue-coating indices. These oral changes negatively affect the quality of life for pre-kidney transplantation patients.
- Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis ? A rare genodermatoses : case report(2020) Gerber-Mora, Roberto; Jajam, Martin; Fernández, Alejandra; Martínez, RenéFocal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis syndrome is a rare dominant inherited disease with an early onset in life. Clinically, the condition is characterized by pressure related thickening of the epidermis of the palms and soles, usually accompanied by pain and different levels of skin involvement and thickness between patients. Recently, we observed a 38-year-old woman with multiple non-removable, painless white plaques of variable size and thickness on the attached gingiva and a white plaque widespread across the hard palate. By further questioning, the patient comments that she has thick yellowish focal plaques in both soles of her feet. Histopathological analysis revealed a hyperplastic and hyperorthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with basal hyperplasia. The spinous, granular and stratum corneum showed dispersed basophilic keratohyalin granules. At higher magnification, the keratinocytes contained paranuclear bodies, seen as round eosinophilic condensation that indented the nuclei. Based on these findings the final diagnosis was rendered as focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis.
- Treatment of apicomarginal defect with periapical surgery : a case report(2020) Peñarrocha Oltra, David; Pallarés Serrano, Antonio; Glera-Suárez, Pablo; Soto-Peñaloza, David; Peñarrocha Diago, MiguelAn apicomarginal defect can be explained as a total loss of buccal alveolus extending from the original crestal bone to the apex of the tooth. This study presents a case of an apicomarginal defect in a first left molar subjected to periapical surgery with vestibular cortex block replacement and A-PRF + membrane coating approximately one year ago. One-year clinical follow-up was performed, with no evidence of recurrence. This case report discusses periapical surgical treatment and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the management of teeth with apicomarginal defects.
- Effect of different adhesive strategies on the microtensile bond strength of dentin to indirect resin-based composite(2020) Pinto, Guilherme; Prieto, Lúcia; Pierote, Josué Junior Araujo; Ferraz, Laura; Câmara, João-Victor; Aguiar, Flávio Henrique BaggioTo evaluate the microtensile bond strength of indirect resin composite bonded to dentin using five different adhesives strategies. Forty specimens (Solidex) were produced and randomly into five groups with different adhesives strategies: (G1)- Single Bond Universal + etch + silane + RelyX Ultimate, (G2)- Single Bond Universal + silane + RelyX Ultimate, (G3)- Single Bond Universal + etch + RelyX Ultimate, (G4)- Single Bond Universal + RelyX Ultimate, and (G5)-Scotchbond Multi-purpose + RelyX ARC. After cementation the specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24hours at 37°C. The specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to obtain beams and submitted to microtensile test. Microtensile values were expressed in MPa and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Tukey tests (?=0.05). The mean bond strength in MPa groups were: G1=11,48, G2=14,15, G3=16,95, G4=17,03 and G5=16,80. Statistical analysis showed that the bond strength values were not significantly affected by the different adhesive strategies. Cementation of dentin to indirect resin composite cannot be significantly affected by different adhesive strategies used. The specimens treated with silane, etch associated with Single bond universal did not increase bond strength values.
- Tomographic evaluation of infrazygomatic crest for orthodontic anchorage in different vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns(2020) Tavares, Alana; Crusoé-Rebello, Iêda-Margarida; Neves, Frederico-SampaioAnalysis of the anatomy of the region during preoperative planning is very important in order to minimize the risks of undesired movements in the supporting teeth or even damage to important structures such as the maxillary sinus. To the best of our knowledge, no study evaluated the relationship of these skeletal patterns with the anatomy of the infrazygomatic crest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tomographic measurements of the infrazygomatic crest for placement of temporary anchorage devices in individuals with different vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. The measurements were analyzed in three regions in the crest of 67 patients above the maxillary first molar: A slice in the long axis of the mesiobuccal root, a slice passing through the center of the furcation area of the tooth, and another slice in the long axis of the distobuccal root. In each of these slices five measurements of the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest were performed, with a difference of 1 mm between them. The sagittal skeletal pattern was determined by the ANB angle and the vertical skeletal pattern by the SN.GoGn angle. The bone thickness of the crest tended to decrease gradually in the apical direction. There was no difference between different vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. The individual parameters did not have significant influence in the thickness of the infrazygomatic crest.
- Association between masticatory ability and oral functions(2020) Maruyama, Mariko; Morita, Koji; Kimura, Hitomi; Nishio, Fumiko; Yoshida, Mitsuyoshi; Tsuga, KazuhiroMastication is the process of breaking ingested food with the teeth and mixing it with saliva to form a mass that is easy to swallow. However, few studies have reported on oral functions, such as occlusal force, tongue pressure, and mastication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between masticatory function and oral functions, such as occlusal force and tongue pressure. In this study, there were 113 patients (41 men and 72 women; mean age, 68.4 ± 11.3 years) who visited dentists at the Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan between April 2015 and November 2018. Masticatory function of the patients was evaluated using a masticatory ability test system. In addition, occlusal force was measured using a pressure-sensitive film and the maximum tongue pressure was measured with a tongue pressure measuring device according to a conventional method. The relationship of masticatory ability with occlusal force and tongue pressure was examined using multivariate analysis while considering patients? age, gender, and the number of remaining teeth. Masticatory ability was significantly related to occlusal force, maximum tongue pressure, age, body mass index, the number of remaining teeth, and occlusal contact area (p< 0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified that masticatory ability was significantly associated (p< 0.05) with occlusal force and maximum tongue pressure. Masticatory ability was significantly associated with occlusal force and maximum tongue pressure, indicating that the large muscle mass in the oral cavity is indispensable for improving masticatory function.
- A comparative evaluation of shear bond strength between feldspathic porcelain and lithium di silicate ceramic layered to a zirconia core? An in vitro study(2020) Moses, Aghin; Ganesan, Lambodaran; Shankar, Sathya; Hariharan, AnnapoorniThe bond strength between the zirconia core and ceramic veneer is the weakest component in the layered structure. Delamination of veneering ceramic is reported as one of the most frequent problems associated with Veneered Zirconia restorations. The aim of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of lithium di silicate porcelain to that of feldspathic porcelain on a zirconia Substrate. Two groups (group A and B) of zirconia blocks with each group having 20 samples were fabricated according to Schmitz Schulmeyer method. Group A (n =20 ) samples were veneered with feldspathic veneering porcelain and Group B (n=20) samples were veneered with heat pressed lithium disilicate ceramic. The fabricated samples were then evaluated for shear bond strength in Universal Testing Machine. The values were then statistically analyzed using independent sample t-test. Results of the current study showed that mean shear bond strength of feldspathic porcelain 11.40±1.29 MPa is comparatively lower than the mean shear bond strength of the lithium disilicate group 18.81±1.76 MPa. The statistical analysis indicated that (p value<0.01) there is a statistically significant difference in the shear bond strength between the two groups. The heat pressed lithium disilicate veneering materials has a better shear bond strength compared to feldspathic veneering ceramic material when layered to a zirconia core and it can be used as a viable alternative material to feldspathic porcelain layering material in bilayered zirconia restorations.
- Color stability of Bulk-Fill composite restorations(2020) Silva, Marianna-Falcão; Dias, Marlon-Ferreira; Lins-Filho, Paulo-Cardoso; Silva, Claudio Heliomar Vicente; Guimarães, Renata-PedrosaThe color stability of the composite resin is an important property that influences its clinical longevity, which remains an inherent challenge to the material. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of bulk-fill resins when exposed to dye. Cavities were prepared in 80 bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 20) according with the resin composite used: P60 (Control Group - Filtek P60, 3M/ESPE), FP (Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, 3M/ESPE), SDR (SDR, Dentsply) and FF (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, 3M/ESPE). All restorations were performed according to the protocol of each manufacturer, the control group was restored using the incremental technique, and the other groups using single-increment technique. The color of each restoration was measured using a portable digital spectrophotometer (Easyshade-Vita) according to the CIELab system, and then the teeth were submerged in red wine for 07 days, kept in a biological oven at 37ºC. New color registration was performed to measure the ?E index of color variation. The P60 group had the lowest average ?E (16.96), while the FF group had the highest average (28.09) and ranged from 21.19 to 26.28 in the FP and SDR groups. Analysis of the color variation showed that the control group had better color stability than the Bulk-Fill resins evaluated.
- Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins : a comparative study(2020) Espíndola Castro, Luís Felipe; Durão, Márcia-de Almeida; Pereira, Tacyandra-Victória-Gomes; Cordeiro, Ayanne-Karine-de Barros; Monteiro, Gabriela-Queiroz-de MeloDue to the increasing popularity of bulk fill resins, there is a concern that their components can be leached; this is because these are inserted in a single 4-5 mm increment. This in vitro study evaluated the microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of three restorative bulk fill resins, namely: Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), and Opus Bulk Fill (OBF). Cylindrical samples were fabricated to be 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick (n = 10). For the microhardness test, three random indentations were formulated on the samples using a micro-durometer with a load of 300 gf for 15 s. Sorption and solubility were then evaluated (ISO 4049: 2009). Color stability was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer three times (initially, after 24 h, and after 7 d) during immersion in coffee and distilled water (control). The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to analyze normality. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the groups and the immersion solution, with a significance level of 5%. There were a significant difference in microhardness (p<0.001), with the FBF group showing a higher value compared to the other groups (56.38). The highest average of sorption scores was observed in the OBF group (16.9 µg / mm3), followed by FBF (16.8 µg / mm3) and TNC (11.3 µg / mm3). Solubility was lowest in the OBF group (-2.83 µg / mm3), with a significant difference (p = 0.031). There was also a significant difference after 24 h in the mean ?E score of all groups (p<0.005). After one week of immersion, the group that pigmented most was OBF (p = 0.008). The three bulk fill resins had acceptable hardness, sorption, and solubility values. However, all groups showed a high pigmentation rate after 7 d of immersion in coffee.
- Analysis of the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and volumetric changes of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer(2020) Almeida, Marcela-Milanezi; Rodrigues, Clarissa-Teles; Matos, Adriana-Arruda; Carvalho, Kleber-Kildare-Teodoro; Silva, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da; Duarte, Marco Antonio; Oliveira, Rodrigo-Cardoso; Bernardineli, NorbertiTo evaluate the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer. Volumetric changes were also evaluating using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Radiopacity and flow were evaluated in accordance with the ISO 6876, while setting time was evaluated in accordance with the ASTM- C266-08 specifications. The release of Ca2+ ions and pH were measured with spectrophotometer and pH meter, respectively, after different time intervals (1h, 3h, 24h, 72h, 168h, and 360h). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT reduction assay to check 3T3 cells viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Volumetric change was evaluated by micro-CT, by using 30 acrylic teeth, filled with gutta-percha cones and the tested root canal sealer. The samples were evaluated after 168h, 360h and 720h of immersion in distilled water. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test or by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P<0.05). MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer showed lower radiopacity than AH Plus (P<0.05). The MTA Fillapex showed the highest flow, while AH Plus showed the lowest flow (P<0.05). The initial and final setting time of AH Plus were lower than MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer (P<0.05). In general, TotalFill BC Sealer presented higher Ca2+ ion release and pH than the other tested sealers. TotalFill BC Sealer also showed overall lower cytotoxicity when compared to the other sealers. Volumetric change of AH Plus and TotalFill BC Sealer was lower than MTA Fillapex (P<0.05). AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and TotalFill BC Sealer showed slight differences in the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity, but all suitable for an endodontic sealer. However, AH Plus and TotalFill BC Sealer showed low volumetric changes when compared to MTA Fillapex.
- Comparison of cerebral cortex activation induced by tactile stimulation between natural teeth and implants(2020) Sekido, Daiki; Otsuka, Takero; Shimazaki, Tateshi; Ohno, Akinori; Fuchigami, Kei; Nagata, Koudai; Yamaguchi, Tetsutaro; Kimoto, KatsuhikoThe purpose of this study was to assess the cortical-level sensory differences between natural teeth with a periodontal membrane and dental implants. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain activity in the cerebral cortex of 12 patients who had both natural teeth and dental implants in the lower molar region. Painless vibratory tactile stimulation was performed on both the natural teeth and the dental implants. Activation was seen in the somatosensory cortex during stimulation of both natural teeth and dental implants. A comparison of cortical activation showed no significant differences between natural teeth and dental implants. These results indicate the possible existence of sensory input to the cerebral cortex via dental implants as well as natural teeth, and thus suggest that may not only the periodontal membrane be involved in the signaling pathway. The data from this experiment may help us for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying natural teeth and dental implants.
- Prevalence of morphological and structural changes in the stylohyoid chain(2020) Guimarães, Ana-Cristina-Alves; Pozza, Daniel Humberto; Gimaraes, Antônio SérgioTotal or partial calcification of the stylohyoid chain, elongation of the stylohyoid process of the temporal bone and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament are usually incidental radiographic findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of morphological and structural changes within the stylohyoid chain in 4413 digital panoramic radiographs. The images were evaluated for the presence or absence of changes in the stylohyoid chain by a specialist in dentofacial radiology and the information collected comprised gender, age, side, right and left measurements and classification of the chain side elongated or calcified stylohyoid process, as well as type and pattern of right or left calcification. 275 (6.2%) subjects presented alterations, mostly bilateral, in the stylohyoid chain, being 186 females (67.6%) and 89 males (32.4%), with a higher proportion elongation. Partial calcification was more prevalent than total calcification. The right side was most affected and the frequency of events increased with age. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the commonest alterations in the stylohyoid chain are bilateral, mainly elongation, with a clear trend to increased prevalence with increasing age, presenting a low incidence. Noneless, the clinicians must be aware of these alterations in the routinely radiographic examination.
- Long-term fracture load of all-ceramic crowns : effects of veneering ceramic thickness, application techniques, and cooling protocol(2020) Lima, Júlia-Magalhães-da Costa; Tribst, João Paulo Mendes; Anami, Lilian-Costa; de Melo, Renata-Marques; Moura, Dayanne-Monielle-Duarte; Souza, Rodrigo-Othávio-Assunção; Bottino, Marco AntônioTo evaluate, in vitro, the effects of the cooling protocol, application technique, and veneering ceramic thickness on the fracture resistance of ceramic crowns with Y-TZP frameworks. 80 frameworks were made from zirconia by the CAD/CAM technique and divided into 8 groups (n = 10) according to the factors: ?application technique? (stratified-L and pressed -P), ?thickness? (1 mm and 2 mm), and ?cooling protocol? (slow-S and fast-F) of the feldspathic veneering ceramic. After, all crowns were cemented over G10 preparations with resin cement (Panavia F, Kuraray), mechanically cycled (2x106 cycles, 200 N, 3Hz), and subjected to the axial compression resistance test (0.5 mm/min, 10 kN). The data (N) underwent descriptive statistical analysis by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey?s test (5%). Fracture analysis was performed to determine the possible origin of failure. The factors ?cooling protocol? (P=0.0058) and ?application? technique (P=0.0001) influenced the fracture resistance of the crowns. For pressed veneer technique, the P2S (4608.9±464.5). A presented significantly higher results than that P2F(3621.1±523.0)BCD (Tukey?s test). For the stratified technique, this difference was not observed (P>0.05). The thickness of the veneering ceramic was not significant regardless of the cooling protocol and technique (P>0.05). The predominant failure mode was chipping of the ceramic veneer originating in the subsurface. The pressed technique, used with a slow-cooling protocol, leads to the best outcome for the veneering of all-ceramic crowns.
- Oral colonization by Candida species in orthodontic patients before, during and after treatment with fixed appliances : a prospective controlled trial(2020) Sanz-Orrio-Soler, Icíar; Arias de Luxán, Santiago; Sheth Shah, Chirag ChandrakantOrthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is associated with changes in oral microbiota, including increased Candida colonization. The Candida fungus can cause oral lesions and infections such as candidiasis and angular cheilitis, and is harmful to both the patient and the orthodontist. Poor hygiene facilitates the colonization of these microorganisms. The key aim was to quantify the colonization of C. albicans in patients prior to beginning orthodontic treatment, and during the treatment process. A total of 124 patients (43 males and 80 females) with a mean age of 19.5 years, who required treatment with metal or aesthetic (ceramic) braces, were studied. Microbiological samples were taken from the oral cavity using the swab technique throughout the treatment and cultured on a Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plate and, if positive, cultured on a CHROMagar® Candida plate. In contrast to other published studies, no statistically significant increase in C. albicans colonization was observed during the orthodontic treatment. The fixed appliances had no influence on the presence, absence or level of colonization by C. albicans and there were no significant differences between the different appliances studied. Our study showed that frequency of oral hygiene measures by study participants did not affect the rate of oral carriage of Candida in a statistically significant manner. This observation contrasted with published literature, which suggests that thorough brushing is important to prevent the build-up of Candida species.
