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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2023. No. 21
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- De los campos de concentración al Museo Iconográfico de Cervantes, el testimonio exílico de Eulalio Ferrer Rodriguez(Universitat de València, 2023) Chen, JimneiThe diaries of Eulalio Ferrer Rodríguez, written in the French concentration camps in 1939 and published half a century later, reveal an important part of the memory of Spanish Republican exile. Without dwelling on the traumatic aspect of imprisonment in the camps, Ferrer Rodríguez?s narrative rather highlights, by ?sheltering? in reading Cervantes in the camps, a certain representation of the identity that the exiles were trying to forge. This exercise of memory as a practice of identity would later be continued in the foundation of Ferrer Rodríguez?s Museo Iconográfico de Cervantes in Mexico, inspired by his reading of Cervantes. This museum has served as a testimonial space for the transatlantic memory of Spanish exile.
- "Relato esto para los que están lejos del rigor que ha sido nuestra clandestinidad": mujeres y lucha clandestina contra el franquismo en la obra testimonial de Tomasa Cuevas(Universitat de València, 2023) Somolinos Molina, CristinaThe three volumes of testimonies edited by Tomasa Cuevas ?Cárcel de mujeres (1939-1945) (1985); Cárcel de mujeres: Ventas, Segovia, Les Corts (1985); and Mujeres de la resistencia (1986)? mainly record the experiences of anti-Franco militants during their time in the regime?s women?s prisons. However, this is not the only experience of repression (and, in relation to this, of resistance) to be found in the stories, as the women themselves refer in their accounts to the numerous tasks and activities they carried out in the clandestine struggle against Francoism. In this paper, I propose to analyse the modalities of the clandestine struggle that appear in the testimonial accounts collected by Cuevas, among which the reorganisation of the Party in clandestinity, solidarity and support for prisoners and guerrillas, and the carrying out of support tasks, especially in relation to the maintenance and organisation of the propaganda apparatus, as well as the dissemination of clandestine press, stand out. We will also consider the specific textual dimensions of the testimonial narratives published in these volumes and the particularities of Cuevas? mediation as compiler of these testimonies, as well as their insertion into the frameworks of debate contemporary to their publication and dissemination.
- El testimonio carcelario de Diego San José(Universitat de València, 2023) Sánchez Zapatero, JavierThis article focuses on the analysis of De cárcel en cárcel, the testimonial work in which Diego San José gives an account of his experience of detention, trial and imprisonment between 1939 and 1944. After an introduction which attempts to contextualise the work, and its autor, in Spanish Literary Historiography and in the theoretical framework of testimony, the article studies the representation of San José?s prison journey, focusing both on its cognitive function and on its memorial and counter-discursive value. In this way, it analyses how, beyond recreating the everyday life of Franco?s prisons in the early Post Spanish Civil War period, De cárcel en cárcel attempts to denounce the repressive action of the regime, focusing on the violent acts of repression, the persecution of intellectuals, the application of a vengeful justice devoid of all logic and the dehumanisation to which the prisoners were subjected.
- El testimonio del gudari, agente de memoria(Universitat de València, 2023) Martínez Rueda, FernandoThis paper analyses the testimonies about the Spanish Civil War published by Basque nationalist ex-combatant (gudaris) during Franco?s regime. The corpus of the analysis is composed of the autobiographical writings of Luis Ruiz de Aguirre (1956), Agapito de Urarte (1956 y 1964), Joseba Elosegi (1971) and Ramón Galarza (1974). All of them were young nationalist volunteers during the Civil War who reached positions of some responsibility in the Basque Army. The aim of the article is twofold. Firstly, it investigates the nature of the gudari?s testimony: the motivations of the witness for disseminating his experience, the functionality of the testimony, its capacity to endure over time and to transmit memory to new generations. Secondly, it examines the content of the testimonies in order to know how the Civil War was told by these war veterans. The article concludes that the publication of these testimonies pursued several political objectives. On the one hand, it was intended to denounce the cruel repression of Franco?s regime. On the other hand, the aim was to mobilize the Basque youth, showing the gudari as an example of patriotic commitment, a role model for the new generations. Finally, the official Francoist memory was refuted and an alternative memory was disseminated, recalling the civil war as a patriotic war for the Basque Country.
- Testimonio y apócrifo: configuración estética de "Manuscrito cuervo: Historia de Jacobo" de Max Aub(Universitat de València, 2023) de Marco, ValeriaThe goal of this article is to propose answers to this question: how and why in ?Manuscrito cuervo? [The raven´s manuscript] Aub combines different forms of elaboration of the literary testimony with apocryphal writing, an issue that has not been considered in his critical fortune. The theoretical perspective of this work comes from Hegel, Benjamin, Arendt and Agamben. Initially, it formulates an interpretation of critical and hegemonic historiographical practices in Spain, attributing them to the difficulties in recognizing the aesthetic dimension of Aub´s works, thus excluding him from the canon. It could be considered that the aesthetical strangeness provoked by his texts would be a consequence of its structural movement: the simultaneous creation in the field of writing and in the field of reading. This one offers to the critic the challenge of breaking the chronological line of Aub´s publications; this could be the reason for non identifying the apocryphal writing of ?Manuscrito cuervo?. Finally, the work examines the meaning of the apocryphal, in order to interpret the tale.
- Elena Fortún en "Oculto sendero", la posibilidad de un testimonio(Universitat de València, 2023) Gallardo, Sara R.This paper aims to analyse Elena Fortún?s autobiographical novel Oculto sendero (2016) as a fundamental testimony of LGBTI+ history in Spain. To carry out this research, I propose a materialist analysis of the diegesis and the contexts to which it relates: the one of the recounted events, the one of the time of writing, i.e. when the author was finally able to begin elaborating her story, and the present, when her story is finally made public. This reception allows real testimony to take place: the testimony is only possible when her acknowledgment as a lesbian has found reception and acceptance. The construction of identity will be studied from its different aspects: as a woman, as a woman who writes in the first half of the Spanish twentieth century, as a lesbian, as a subaltern subject and as a writer who expresses her gender dissidence through the hidden and revealed narration of different experiences and statements that I will try to categorise.
- En los límites de lo testimonial: Fantasía y ciencia ficción en Viaje a la aldea del crimen (1934), de Ramón J. Sender(Universitat de València, 2023) Solano Escolano, DamiánThis article explores the correlation between Viaje a la aldea del crimen (1934), by Ramón J. Sender, and the testimonial genre. To this end, it examines the rhetorical functions of two passages close to fantasy and science fiction that seem to break with this work?s authenticity. Such a rupture could reveal the limits of this linkage. In its book form, this text developed from a series of journalistic reports that the author carried out in the aftermath of the so-called Casas Viejas incident (1933), which shook the republican-socialist coalition during the Second Spanish Republic. The first supernatural episode allows the narrator to travel to the past and, in doing so, he becomes an eyewitness to the events, not just a hearsay witness (as Sender himself was). The second one portrays a dialogue between the narrator and the statue known as María Mármol, who interprets the events as a symptom of a centuries-old class struggle. These two apparent disruptive elements serve to emphasize the predominant realistic style of the account, which validates the authority of the narrator?s testimonial voice and his factual referentiality. The analysis of this stylistic paradox could help clarify the foundations of what Manuel Aznar Soler calls hilo rojo [red thread]; the revolutionary realism of the 1930s in Spain that, akin to modern testimony, sought to transform reality, not merely portray it.
- Reseñas de publicaciones de análisis cultural 21(Universitat de València, 2023) Jiménez Leciñena, Javier; Molina Gil, Raúl; Bascuñán Tamarit, Mariola; Suárez Toledano, Cristina; Pallardó Azorín, Betlem; Kerangat, Zoé de; Benítez Collado, Nerea; Fernández Macías, ÉrikaReseñas
- Cuerpos híbridos: especie, género y carne en la narrativa breve española contemporánea(Universitat de València, 2023) Pallardó Azorín, BetlemEn los últimos años, asistimos a una proliferación de ficciones en que se refleja un creciente interés social por visibilizar violencias normalizadas e invisibilizadas. Entre estas violencias, una de las más arraigadas en nuestra sociedad es la que supone la “cultura de la carne” (Potts, 2016), que afecta a los animales no humanos. Este artículo, que se enmarca en una investigación amplia en torno a los mecanismos empleados en la narrativa breve española contemporánea para desestabilizar el binomio vida política / vida fisiológica y así cuestionar la cultura de la carne, se centra en las figuras híbridas humanimales. En concreto, se estudian dos relatos en que un cuerpo simultáneamente (animal) humano y (animal) no humano es consumido: la sirena en “Los frutos del mar” (2018), de José María Merino, y la cecaelia en “Espuma de color lavanda” (2019), de Covadonga González-Pola. A partir de las ideas de figuras como Carol Adams, Derrida, Haraway o Agamben, se analizan estas ficciones como espacios de resistencia frente a los discursos hegemónicos que naturalizan la violencia de la cultura de la carne. Además, puesto que la parte humana de los cuerpos híbridos es femenina, se estudian los vínculos entre la violencia patriarcal y la especista a los que apuntan las ficciones.
- Las autobiografías de Mariano Rajoy y Pedro Sánchez: márquetin político y ethos empresarial(Universitat de València, 2023) Girona Fibla, NuriaEl género autobiográfico resulta particularmente idóneo para interpretar ciertas tendencias relevantes en la reconfiguración de la subjetividad contemporánea, ya que escenifica cómo un sujeto se convierte en objeto para sí mismo, es decir, compone un régimen de subjetivación. Este artículo se centra en las autobiografías de Mariano Rajoy (En confianza. Mi vida y mi proyecto de cambio para España, 2011; Una España mejor, 2019) y Pedro Sánchez (Manual de resistencia (2019) con un doble objetivo: por un lado, determinar hasta dónde el márquetin político condiciona su relato de vida y lo eleva ejemplarmente. Por otro, cómo este modelo responde a una norma subjetivizante presidida por el rendimiento y la competitividad, cercana a la figura del “empresario de sí mismo” que promueve la gubernamentabilidad neoliberal.
- El neocolonialismo desde la mirada de un exiliado: la representación del indígena mexicano en tres cuentos de Herrera Petere(Universitat de València, 2023) Burgos Ballester, LolaAlejados física e ideológicamente de la España de posguerra, la voz comprometida de los exiliados de 1939 fue escuchada y difundida en sus lugares de destino, principal esfera de actuación de estos intelectuales. Uno de los países que recibió y acogió a más españoles fue México, una nación que alentaba un futuro esperanzador para los recién llegados, pero que también lidiaba con la dependencia económica de Estados Unidos y la jerarquización racial de su sociedad. Las desigualdades derivadas de ambas situaciones pueden ser concebidas como huellas de antiguas relaciones coloniales, más refinadas y discretas, aunque igualmente perniciosas. Esta subalternidad de los indígenas era un sentimiento compartido por los exiliados, que también sufrían el desplazamiento y silenciamiento impuestos por la dictadura franquista. Dicha identificación coadyuvaría a que escritores como Herrera Petere, en sus cuentos “El indio enigmático y solo”, “A través del espejo” y “Juana de Dios”, concedieran poder, palabra y protagonismo a los mexicanos nativos y que combatieran estas prácticas del neocolonialismo desde su circunstancia particular y su mirada extranjera.
- En torno a los Estudios Culturales y a los Estudios de Danza en/desde América Latina(Universitat de València, 2023) González, IgnacioSince the 1980s, cultural studies have had an astonishing international diffusion and circulation. At the same time, different researchers in the field of dance observed not only that cultural studies allowed them to rethink many of the scope and traditional objects of study in the history of dance, but also that their research could make interesting contributions to said studies and, even, avoided some of the main critics. Taking into account the reception that cultural studies have had in Latin America, this work will try to account for an epistemological change in dance studies in Argentina that share this locus of ?Latin American? enunciation. The article is structured in three parts, which go from the general to the particular (or from the ?supposedly? ?global? to the local): in the first, the emergence of dance studies is developed; in the second, the appropriation and main criticisms of cultural studies in/from Latin America; finally, in the third, from a limited corpus of texts, we will reflect on the aforementioned epistemological change that has promoted a historical, situated, critical and regional perspective in dance studies in Argentina.
- “¿Son hijos o entenados?” Un acercamiento a la pregunta por la estética-política en la literatura de hijos: entre narrativa y poesía, entre el legado de los 90 y el post 2001(Universitat de València, 2023) Casali, Silvana MercedesIn this essay we raise the question about the political-aesthetics of what in Argentina is known as ?children?s literature?, plotted between two decades that are usually presented as antagonistic: the 90s and 2000s, the neoliberal narrative of Menemism and the national-popular narrative of Kirchnerism. respectively, an element that supposes an articulation between these literary productions and the broader social space. From the sociology of literature, we reveal a series of interventions carried out by recognized agents of the cultural field, such as Tamara Kamenszain?s analysis of the Diary of a Montonera Princess. 110% Truth by Mariana Eva Perez, and the testimony of the filmmaker Nicolás Prividera, whose well-known categorization of the artistic productions of children of the disappeared ?replicants, Frankensteinians or mutants ? on the occasion of the presentation of Los topos by Félix Bruzzone, would be updated in the question that we borrow from him for our title: the dilemma between a critical literature of the 90s and a conformist one. Thus, we demonstrate the open and dynamic nature of the meanings around these ?children?s? literatures, inevitably read in relation to the broader socio-political context, and the place that the poetic genre comes to asume ?especially in the La Plata group Los Detectives Salvajes? facing a possible narrative commodification movement.
- Elementos para pensar (lo impensable) del horror. La tortura eléctrica como paradoja de la violencia en la dictadura chilena(Universitat de València, 2023) Fuenzalida Bahamondes, NicoleThis article aims to provide elements to reflect on the concept of institutional torture or that derived from practices of political violence. Particularly, the relationship between torture and electricity is problematized as a substantial component of the sophistication of dictatorial knowledge and an important part of the world?s criminal systems to this day. In this way, the paradoxical expressions of electric torture are addressed, taking as a paradigmatic case the Chilean dictatorial experience and especially the repression developed by the terrorist organization of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA) between 1974 and 1977. Using data from various disciplinary fields, the testimony of survivors and general contextual aspects, it is intended to test the hypothesis that electric torture presents itself as a paradox of violence, in specific senses: humanized technique and barbarism; safety and permanence; incarnation and liberation; daily ontologies and ontologies limit. The figure of paradox is thus installed, as a reflexive resource that allows us to approach thinking (the unthinkable) of the horror that shaped this kind of experience.
- (Des)Aparecer. Sobre las inscripciones biográficas de la (propia) desaparición en sobrevivientes de los Centros Clandestinos de Detención en Argentina(Universitat de València, 2023) Lampasona, JulietaLas vivencias asociadas al cautiverio clandestino constituyeron instancias profundamente disruptivas, en términos de sus construcciones simbólicas e identitarias de las y los sujetos, de sus proyecciones de futuro y sus entramados de relación. Este artículo analiza las inscripciones biográficas de la experiencia de la (propia) desaparición y posterior sobrevida en los sobrevivientes de los Centros Clandestinos de Detención (CCD) emplazados en la Argentina durante el período 1975-1983, con el objeto de reflexionar en torno de las formas de persistencia de la violencia en el presente y los procesos (siempre abiertos) de recomposición subjetiva. A partir de un abordaje de tipo cualitativo sostenido, principalmente, en el análisis de las historias de vida de hombres y mujeres que atravesaron la experiencia del cautiverio y posterior liberación, se hace foco en dos dimensiones analíticas: las modalidades de persistencia de la violencia en el espacio subjetivo y los procesos de ruptura y recomposición de los espacios de acción e interacción entendidos en el largo plazo.
- Insumisas, nómades y deseantes: madres excéntricas en los cines clásicos argentino y español(Universitat de València, 2023) Aimaretti, MaríaAs part of a broader research focused on the dialogue between representations of motherhood in the classic-industrial cinemas of Argentina and Spain, this article problematizes the figure of the ?eccentric mother?, noting how her presence is especially relevant both in dramatic terms such as staging, and it affects the system of characters that organizes and disorganizes around them. Faced with the dominant desexualization and de-erotization, Pequeñeces (Juan de Orduña, 1950, Spain) and Armiño negro (Carlos Hugo Christensen, 1953, Argentina) present anomalous feminine-maternal figurations that tense devices of composure and subordination, tearing the categorical interdict by being women with desire, sexual and power, in addition to ?and beyond? being mothers.Articulating cultural history, gender and film studies; and with a comparative approach, the first part of the text traces an overview of the material and socio-cultural conditions that made both films possible, replacing the cinematographic and historical-political contexts in which they were inscribed and circulated; while the second section focuses on the spectacular and dramatic analysis of the stories, taking into account especially the interactions between space, light and corporalities.
- 'Cría cuervos' y te sacarán los ojos': Fantasías femeninas de disidencia en tiempos de Franco(Universitat de València, 2023) Ituarte, LeireThis work addresses the analysis of Cría cuervos (1975) by Aragonese filmmaker Carlos Saura, a border crossing film towards the period after the death of Franco shot in a key moment of the transition period to democracy (1975-1982). A family melodrama that explores the tensions of the normative gender ideals and the conditions of life of women within the context of the bourgeois patriarchal institution of the family portrayed as an allegorical representation of Franco?s regime and its moral corruption. The study departs from a methodological approach that turns to Feminist Film Theory in order to explore the staging of the Oedipal conflicts within the family cell, inasmuch as it works as a political metaphor of the dictatorship, within a dramaturgy that resorts to parricide as a central narrative leitmotiv of its ideological dissent, that is to say, as a symbolic act of transgression and feminine resistance against the regime.
- Historia del testimonio en España. Una introducción(Universitat de València, 2023) Negrete Peña, Rocío; Somolinos Molina, CristinaIntroducción al monográfico
- "Atocha. El revés de la luz". Entrevista al dramaturgo Javier Durán(Universitat de València, 2023) Valls Crespo, Lurdes; Monsell Corts, Juan JoséInterview to playwright Javier Durán.
- "Spain's honest man", un reportaje inédito de Anita Brenner sobre Miguel de Unamuno(Universitat de València, 2023) SanJosé Vázquez, EduardoThis article publishes the unpublished report ?Spain?s Honest Man?, written by the Mexican author Anita Brenner to introduce Miguel de Unamuno?s figure and works to the US public opinion. Originally written inEnglish for Scribner?s Magazine in 1931, the report is now published in bilingual version Spanish-English, preceded by an introductory study and accompanied with textual and contextual footnotes.
