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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2023. No. 22
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- 'El futuro llegó hace rato'. Comunidades en cuentos latinoamericanos en cuentos del presente(Universitat de València, 2023) Bianchi, Paula DanielaIn Latin American literature of the present, subjectivities in transformation emerge that inhabit border territories in crisis. The protagonists of ?Noche de fiesta? by Natalia García Freire (2019), ?La furia de las pestes? (2015) by Samanta Schweblin and ?Canícula? (2013) by Claudia Hernández abandon their ways of life and habits to transit citizen wastelands in a topography close to nature, in communities with other species, opening renewed surfaces in the face of the opacity of a hostile universe. These literary texts inscribed in the verbal limits, in the crossroads of lands and ethnicities change, bursting the delegitimization of full citizenships to occupy an oscillating space between shelter and the outdoors. So, what remains when the scorched earth exposes the outside of skins and territory? These narratives record fertile traces that allow us to approach other ways of life, other (un)livable scenarios, other materialities in the dermal, corporal and territorial dimension, other alterities that are founded on the citizen wasteland and the oblivion of those remnants that remain after the extermination or the precarious survival, sharing uncertain futures that are debated between the living and the sacrificial.
- Catástrofe ambiental, viaje en el tiempo y ser mestizo en 'Juan Buscamares' de Félix Vega(Universitat de València, 2023) Irribarren Ortiz, Javiera ValentinaLa historieta Juan Buscamares (1996-2003; 2017) de Félix Vega se centra en Juan, quien fue enviado por los Incas hacia el futuro a través del ritual de la Capacocha para restaurar el balance de los elementos naturales en mundo postapocalíptico. Este artículo analiza sus conexiones con el neoindigenismo de ciencia ficción y la relevancia de la figura del mestizo para discutir la colonización de las Américas. Asimismo, examina la reinterpretación del ritual de la Capacocha y del estado de conservación del cuerpo infantil encontrado en el cerro El Plomo como aspectos claves en la articulación de un viaje en el tiempo. Ambos elementos contribuyen a la construcción de una narrativa gráfica extrapolativa, cuyo universo ficcional problematiza la catástrofe ambiental a nivel discursivo y material. Estos, además, la caracterizan como una apuesta estético-teórica, que reflexiona sobre los efectos de la exterminación de recursos y traza una propuesta de reparación en un escenario postapocalíptico.
- Tiempos mixtos y subjetividades migrantes en los relatos de ciencia ficción neoindigenista de Giovanna Rivero y Alicia Fenieux(Universitat de València, 2023) Cortés Correa, MacarenaIn this article I will analyze the various representations of indigenous and non-indigenous subjects in a science fiction corpus of authors from the Andean region, and then evaluate the relevance of the ?neo-indigenist? letterhead in these works and the possibility of introducing other elements of analysis in the light of Future Critical Studies (Reina-Rozo, 2023). I will refer particularly to the concepts of ?migrant subjectivities? (Cornejo Polar, 1993) and ?mixed times? (Rivera Cusicanqui, 2018) as possible reading keys for the stories ?Pasó como un espíritu? and ?Regreso? by Giovanna Rivero (Bolivia), and ?La Dorada? (2014) by Alicia Fenieux (Chile)
- Indigenismo y neoindigenismo en Edmundo Paz Soldán: narrativa minera y ciencia ficción(Universitat de València, 2023) Montoya Juárez, Jesús¿Which is the dialogue between Edmundo Paz Soldán´s oeuvre and bolivian ?indigenismo?? This article reads his main mining fictions and others from the frame of indigenism and neoindigenism, key labels of literary thought in Latin America, highlighting political and social meanings that exacerbate in his science fiction production of the last decade.
- Aparapitas del futuro: la ciencia ficción andina de Miguel Esquirol(Universitat de València, 2023) Colanzi, LilianaIn 2008, Bolivian writer Miguel Esquirol published the novella ?El Cementerio de Elefantes,? a science fiction re-writing of the aparapita?s figure, the Aymara peasant who carries heavy loads on his shoulders in the Bolivian street markets. The aparapita, an emblematic character of La Paz, became ?thanks to the literary work of Jaime Saenz? the symbol of the indigenous identity that survives in the city in spite of the modernizing dreams of the nation. Esquirol places the aparapita in a popular market where male workers seek illegal chemical injections to enhance their muscles and prosthesis that make them more competitive; the story explores the body?s connection to the economy ?capitalistic but highly illegal and informal? through multiple implants, prosthesis, and chemical substances. The aparapita is both a specter haunting the country and a cornerstone of a national identity crisscrossed by technological and globalizing desires. In Esquirol?s Andean cyberpunk world, the indigenous body is the place where the city is articulated, where national identity is redefined and where it shows its ?abigarrado? (motley) nature, one in which tradition and modernity, past and present, rural and urban life, Indigenous and western cosmovision, high and popular culture overlap in fascinating and unexpected ways.
- El porqué de una ciencia ficción neoindigenista(Universitat de València, 2023) Prado Sejas, IvanNeo-indigenist science fiction is an emerging subgenre and highlights aspects related to magical realism, the passionate expression of affections and life experiences, an expansion of the capacity for narrative expression and its projection to a broader reality. In these circumstances, works emerge of science fiction such as Inka Kutimunña, From time to time Saturnina and Anthology of Neo-indigenist Fantastic Literature I that are projected in the framework that makes neo-indigenist literature proposed by Antonio Cornejo and are analyzed to show the elements that make up a neo-indigenist position. Likewise, other science fiction works by Latin American authors and specifically Bolivian authors are commented on, which present indigenous elements from different cultures. Neo-indigenist literature emerges as a necessity in the face of social and political changes in the world and reflects a new way of approaching science fiction literature
- Reseñas de publicaciones de análisis cultural 22:(Universitat de València, 2023) Pallardó Azorín, Betlem; Benítez Collado, Nerea; San José Vázquez, EduardoReseñas críticas de los siguientes libros: De Mauro Rucovsky, Martín (2022). Bios precario: biopolítica y precariedad en Latinoamérica. Madrid: La Oveja Roja. Gabbay, Cynthia (ed.) (2022). Jewish Imaginaries of the Spanish Civil War. In Search of Poetic Justice. New York: Bloomsbury Academic Gotby, Alva (2023). Ellos lo llaman amor. Una política de las emociones. Barcelona: Verso Libros.
- Soleida Ríos: poeta de los sueños y de las profecías(Universitat de València, 2023) Mateo, MargaritaVersión final del texto leído en «Una fiesta innombrable. Homenaje a Soleida Ríos» (Centro Dulce María Loynaz, 13 de junio de 2023). Ese día expliqué que presentaba un texto inconcluso y leí algunos fragmentos a modo de fichas de trabajo. Mi presentación terminó con dos audios de wasap: uno de Leonardo Sarría, sobre a wa nilé, y otro de Israel Domínguez, sobre ofó, del 11 y 12 de junio respectivamente. Cuando concluyeron las presentaciones, Soleida me regaló (a mí y a otros de los presentes) un talismán celta con una bella profecía que pintó con bolígrafo junto a mi tatuaje de Robertiko Ramos.
- El presente fracturado. Temporalidad narrativa y producción de sentido sobre el pasado en 'Crematorio' (Chirbes, 2007) y 'Simón' (Otero, 2020)(Universitat de València, 2023) Ros Ferrer, VioletaThis paper presents a dialogue between the novels Crematorio (Chirbes, 2007) and Simón (Otero, 2020) based on the analysis of the evocation that each of them proposes of a specific historical time: the end of the transitional process and the consolidation of neoliberalism in Spain. Considering the time that has elapsed between the publication of both novels (2007-2020) and the way in which each of them articulates its narrative temporality, this dialogue will help us to read a significant change in the way of perceiving and narrating the recent past concerning the present from which each of them is represented. The analysis presented will focus on the aspects that both novels have in common to propose an interpretation of their differences. Although in both novels, real estate speculation and its crisis will be the central motif that will catalyze the narrative exercise that explores the echoes of a near past from two different temporal poetics, the comparison between both readings reveals the literary articulation of two different generational sensibilities regarding the perception of the same historical time. Each in its way, both novels will share a nostalgic texture that will produce divergent senses about the past they both summon.
- Ficciones de la discapacidad cognitiva en la novela hispánica contemporánea: entre el estigma y la desestabilización del canon(Universitat de València, 2023) Pereira, María Soledad; Salerno, María PaulaEste artículo hace foco en la estigmatización y falta de representación de la discapacidad cognitiva en la ficción, también rastreable en la investigación académica. Analiza cómo dos novelas en español escritas a ambos lados del Atlántico (una en Argentina y la otra en España), ?Las primas? (2007) de Aurora Venturini y ?Lectura fácil? (2018) de Cristina Morales, retratan a mujeres narradoras y protagonistas con discapacidad cognitiva. El estudio compara los contextos de escritura, aparición y recepción de estas obras, se basa en los ?disability studies? y examina las representaciones junto a los viejos y nuevos significados que surgen de la discapacidad en las narrativas. Además, se debate sobre el papel de la ficción novelesca en la construcción de imágenes sociales sobre la discapacidad y las intersecciones con la estigmatización de las mujeres y la legitimación de las escritoras en el campo literario actual.
- Hacia una nueva conceptualización de la narrativa sobre el indígena: del neoindigenismo al postindigenismo(Universitat de València, 2023) Alemany Bay, CarmenGiven the evolution that the narrative has undergone and, likewise, the situation of indigenous people, and how it appears in fictionalized stories, it is time to think of a term that is appropriate to recent literary expressions on this topic. A new nomenclature, post-indigenism, which would mean the replacement of the so-called neo-indigenist narrative; term that was applied to the novels and stories that about the indigenous were published in the sixties and part of the seventies, and that had as a precedent the narratives about the indigenous in the forties. To understand in all its dimension what this new nomenclature entails, we will focus on the recent conquests of the indigenous people in Latin America, the passage from indianism to narrative indigenism and from this to post-indigenism, its characteristics and its peculiarities, as well as its relationships and differences with previous movements. I will close this question with Latin American science fiction and the question of the indigenous.
- Política y humor en Twitter/X: comparativa de los memes sobre los debates electorales en Argentina y España (2019)(Universitat de València, 2023) Meléndez Malavé, Natalia; Slimovich, AnaIn 2019, general elections were held just days apart in both Argentina and Spain, with the corresponding television debate between the main candidates. The aim of this paper is the discursive investigation of the memes generated on Twitter/X on the occasion of the broadcasting of electoral debates in October and November 2019 in Argentina and Spain, respectively. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative nature, as it aims to compare the characteristics of these creations, for which a total of 110 memes were selected from among those collected by the main digital media in each country. Following a socio-semiotic methodology, each of them has been analysed in terms of their origin and impact, format, themes, characters and cultural references that provoke the humorous effect. Among the results, we observed differences, such as the inclination towards more ideological content and a greater focus on historical or political aspects in the case of Argentina, as opposed to Spain, where memes focus on the debate itself and on the anecdotal as a television event.
- La protesta política en el cancionero de Joaquín Sabina: análisis de un "no tema" y reflexiones acerca de un compromiso apolítico(Universitat de València, 2023) Soto Zaragoza, JavierThis article analyses a very shallow studied dimension of Spanish singer-songwriter Joaquín Sabina?s lyrics, since it questions where political protest, a key theme in the work of the Spanish singer-songwriters of his generation, remains in his songbook. Based on this question, some lyrics from Inventario (1978), his very first album and therefore the closest to the period of the protest song, are examined to compare his attitude with that of that of these other singer-songwriters. Afterwards, attention focuses on the rest of his songbook to discover how the penchant for political engagement was soon lost. Finally, it is explained that the engagement in Sabina?s songbook is more related to the defence, through its representation, of the life that began in Spain after the end of the Francoist dictatorship.
- Restos, rastros y memorias: 'El invencible verano de Liliana', de Cristina Rivera Garza(Universitat de València, 2023) Maldonado Escoto, Nely E.This article analyzes how Cristina Rivera Garza builds memory around the femicide of her sister in El invencible verano de Liliana (2021). It starts from observing that, when working deeply with memories from the present, the cultural frameworks from past experiences are reconfigured providing the tools and language that affect the way memories are recalled. In this sense, the language and perspective that both theoretical and activist feminisms bring to Rivera Garza trigger memories from a different situationality. Then, the article proposes that Rivera Garza?s journey allows her to link research and montage tasks with the mobilization of affects and memories. Thus, she is configuring another archive, a mobile and multidimensional map-plan that traces connections from the past to the present. Through this archive, it is possible to reflect on the past with current tools and construct a dynamic memory that challenges its readers, also activating them. The dynamism that she advocates for, from a work that is difficult to categorize in a particular genre, is part of its political dimension.
- Memorias reflexivas de la violencia multicausal en Colombia: Procesos del recordar e intertextualidad en "Canciones para el incendio" de Juan Gabriel Vásquez(Universitat de València, 2023) Homann, FlorianIn the collection of short stories ?Canciones para el incendio?, Juan Gabriel Vásquez stages different memories and specifically uses in the last story the example of the protagonist?s story, which occurred in the first half of the twentieth century, to address the violence against nonconformist women silenced in Colombian cultural memory. First, this study examines how the complex story is narrated, between two distinct dimensions of collective memory, by combining different literary registers of a rhetoric of memory conceived by Astrid Erll. By exposing which narrative mode predominates, the aim is to show the consequences of this on the effect of the narration, especially in relation to collective memory. Its classification as a tale related in reflexive mode encourages reflection on the construction of cultural memory and the recognition of the need for a rewriting with the incorporation of previously forgotten memories and perspectives. In relation to this, the analysis focuses on the role played by intertextuality and its central functions. Finally, it points out how the violence that manifests itself in the narrated world directly and indirectly, according to Johan Galtung?s classification, is based on patriarchal (colonialist) structures, conservative ideologies, and fundamentalist religious discourses.
- Las imágenes en los estudios sobre infancias. ¿Cómo aparecen? ¿Para qué sirven? ¿Cómo utilizarlas? Una propuesta para fomentar la investigación iconográfica de las niñeces(Universitat de València, 2023) Bácares Jara, CamiloThe purpose of this article is to promote the use and analysis of images in the so-called interdisciplinary studies on childhood. The central problem of the text is that, despite the fact that the iconography was relevant to deepen the knowledge of childhood as a historical and cultural construct, over time this was forgotten. This does not mean that some investigations do not resort to images ?from advertising, painting, cinema, the press, etc.? as sources for thinking about childhood, or that books and articles are published sporadically that try to make and categorize childhood from a screen of images. But, even so, this continues to be an exception that repeats methodological and conceptual errors such as assuming the image in the singular or understanding it as transparent. Given this, we propose three sections. In the first, a historical tour that explores the link and the possibilities between images and childhood studies. Secondly, the reasons that have proscribed and hindered the use and problematization of photographic, pictorial, cinematographic images, etc., in this same field. Finally, we present some horizons and care necessary to think through images the category of childhood.
- Cuerpo, enfermedad y biopolítica en la literatura española y latinoamericana contemporánea(Universitat de València, 2023) Martínez García, Miguel ÁngelIn a passage from Michel Houellebecq?s ?Les Particules élémentaries?, a character states ?the only events left to experience are medical?. This statement allows us to delimit the situation that serves as this article?s point of departure: the persistent presence of various diseases in modern societies and the increasing pervasion of medical practice and discourse in people?s forms of life. We will explore these phenomena though an analysis of a corpus of recent literary texts that deal with the motif of disease and its socio and/or political dimensions. We believe that the power of these texts derives from having detected transformations underway in the contemporary world; a world which had already been converted to, before the eruption of COVID-19, a ?limitless medical homeland?.
- Orgullo travesti: formas de la 'hontologie' en 'Las malas' de Camila Sosa Villada(Universitat de València, 2023) Maristany, José JavierWhen approaching the work of Jean Genet, Didier Eribon (2004) analyzes the way in which the insulting imprecation inscribes shame in the body of the designated individual but, in turn, it is this awareness of abjection that provides the energy with which the injured person can erect a minority subjectivity that they proudly display. In the course of this operation, the author makes use of a word coined by Jacques Lacan, ?hontologie?. The objective of this paper is to review the particular modes of shame of the transvestite identity in the ?experiential narrative? (Arfuch 2007) of the trans writer and playwright Camila Sosa Villada, and the process of transformation towards some form of pride. For this occasion, I will take her novel, which is also an autofiction, Las malas (2019). However, it is important to keep in mind for this task, as Eribon points out, that abjection and pride are not part of a dialectical synthesis, but rather an unstable coexistence of opposites in which the negative element, shame, marks the person in all situations and is always there as their own past.
- Ficciones literarias eróticas de la memoria trans en "La sonrisa vertical"(Universitat de València, 2023) Díaz Fernández, EstrellaThe objective of this article is to take a tour of the representations of trans characters in the erotic collection ?La sonrisa vertical?, created in 1977 and which since 1980 began to incorporate fictions that housed in their plots characters with heterodox sexualities that until then they had been ignored. Precisely, it is Leopoldo Azancot who initiated this inclusion with a trans character in Los amores prohibidos (1980); this work, more than with literary references, connects with two feature films that portrayed trans reality at the time of the Spanish Transition: Cambio de sexo, by Vicente Aranda and El transexual, by José Jara, both from 1977. Following this journey, At the end of the 80s we find two works that manage to create a very vivid depiction of the sexual minorities of the time: Siete contra Georgia (1987), by Eduardo Mendicutti, and Las edades de Lulú (1989), by Almudena Grandes. Finally, in the 1990s, the narratives of Irene González Frei, Tu nombre escrito en el agua (1995), and Abel Pohulanik, La cinta de Escher (1997), present a different perspective on gender transition by including more contemporary topics, such as AIDS and the influence of psychology and upbringing on gender identity.
- Antonio Palacios, el movimiento travesti de Querétaro (México) en los años setenta y la visibilización pionera de masculinidades no hegemónicas(Universitat de València, 2023) García, RaúlEl presente artículo surge al observar que, en gran medida, los estudios de género en el Estado de Querétaro, México, se han enfocado en los acontecimientos posteriores a la globalización, pero se ha investigado muy poco en relación con los años previos. Por ello, partiendo del método etnográfico, se realizaron varias entrevistas a Antonio Palacios, sobreviviente del movimiento travesti que impulsó, a finales de los años setenta, la visibilización y el reconocimiento civil de la homosexualidad masculina en la ciudad. Con la información proporcionada por Palacios, se realizó trabajo hemerográfico en el Archivo Histórico del Estado de Querétaro, para corroborar con notas periodísticas las tensiones que surgieron cuando el bar y antiguo prostíbulo La Iguana obtuvo la primera licencia del gobierno para funcionar como lugar de reunión gay. Se puede demostrar, de ese modo, que no solo en Querétaro, sino en gran parte de México, el movimiento travesti de los años setenta cimentó las bases de las luchas sociales alrededor de las masculinidades no hegemónicas, situación invisibilizada porque formaban parte del bloque posabismal, y eran relegados por cuestiones de clase. Este trabajo pretende abordar el movimiento travesti de esos años y destacar sus aportes a las generaciones queer posglobalización.
