Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2017. No. 10

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    Procesos, discursos y prácticas estructurantes de la violencia contra las mujeres en Ciudad Juárez / Processes, discourses and practices of violence against women in Ciudad Juarez
    (2017) Andrade Martínez, Enrique
    En el presente artículo, trataremos de describir y analizar los procesos, discursos y prácticas estructurantes de la violencia contra las mujeres en Ciudad Juárez (México) a través de sus imaginarios sociales. Para ello, procederemos a establecer una periodización de estos relatos en cinco épocas históricas marcadas por las grandes reestructuraciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales que ha experimentado la urbe fronteriza y que han conducido a su ciudadanía a una situación de vulnerabilidad extrema. Palabras clave: violencia, género, feminicidios, frontera, crimen organizado, Ciudad Juárez.
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    Escenarios y nuevas formas de vida en los espacios biomédicos / Scenarios and new forms of life in biomedical areas
    (2017) Gavris, Mariana Ioana; Tirado, Francisco Javier
    The article analyzes how the emergence of scenario-planning and its generalization in the health management area, transforms the biomedical arena. In this shift are performing new actors, the knowledge is produced by other means and appears a definition of "life" focused on the future and on a global scale. Seen from Science and Technology Studies (STS) perspective, and more concretely on Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we presented a case study that examines the transformation of public health models (and their respective scales at the global level) after the 2009 post-?pandemic? period of swine flu. Examining the multiple scenarios that were created at that time, we analyze the deployment of multiple surveillance systems, which provoked movements towards the articulation of new actors; the conformation of possible futures, the establishment of global scales and, ultimately, a new conceptualization of ?life? as a value to be ensured and protected. Keywords: Scenario-planning, biopolitics, actors, global health, STS.
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    El terror de la inmunidad : Brasil, años 60 / Inmunity terror: Brazil in the sixties
    (2017) Antelo, Raúl
    The essay aims to understand the relationship between politics and the human body, the so-called biopolitics, in texts by Lucio Cardoso, Clarice Lispector and other contemporary Brazilian writers, in which there is a merging of biology and politics into a unified system that subjects the body to the direct violence of a political order.  The more Brazilian society felt at risk of becoming infected by foreign elements, the more the life of the individual and society itself closes off within its protective boundaries, forcing us to choose between a self-destructive outcome and a radical alternative based on a new conception of community. Keywords: Biopolitics, community, Brazil.
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    Pobreza/ Poverty
    (2017) Peran, Martí
    Mediante la narración postmoderna o la narración liberal, se impone por igual una conclusión taxativa: la historia ha finiquitado y lo que queda por hacer es nada o -?para quien no quiera quedar definitivamente excluido? desarrollar la mejoría infinita de lo mismo gracias a la biología y la informática. El presente se impone con absoluta soberanía puesto que ni es necesario mirar atrás para tomar el empuje hacía un adelante desconocido, ni es necesario rumiar un futuro ajeno al mero perfeccionamiento del presente. La historicidad en suspenso crónico. Es en esta perspectiva que nuestra argumentación deberá focalizarse en la descripción de las causas de esta supuesta suspensión del tiempo histórico, que nos priva de lo nuevo y encierra el porvenir, hasta instalarnos en el exceso de un presente dilatado hasta la saciedad o en el abuso de una absurda retromanía compensatoria. En cualquier caso, el malestar describe el estado psicológico que caracteriza el grueso del cuerpo social. Palabras clave: Pobreza, Malestar, Aceleración, Miedo, Copia, Fin.
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    Política de la supervivencia / Politics of Survival
    (2017) Giorgi, Gabriele De
    Distintas intervenciones desde prácticas activistas y culturales en torno al VIH escenifican poéticas y políticas del resto corporal en las que se juegan, por un lado, una reorganización de los modos en que se dramatiza en umbral entre lo vivo y lo muerto en lo público ?redefiniendo así el tejido mismo de lo que llamamos ?comunidad??; y por otro, indican los modos en que estos activismos impulsan una disputa sobre los ?marcos de temporalización? desde los cuales lo viviente se vuelve reconocible políticamente y donde la noción de supervivencia adquiere una centralidad decisiva. Combinando materiales heterogéneos el artículo busca iluminar los modos en que los activismos y las culturas en torno al VIH configuran un terreno decisivo para pensar políticas de la supervivencia del presente. Palabras clave: VIH, ACT-UP, Supervivencia, Temporalidades, Biopolítica.
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    Experimentación e innovación en el cortometraje documental latinoamericano moderno : las experiencias de Brasil, Cuba y México/ Experimentation and innovation in the modern Latin American documentary short film: the experiences of Brazil, Cuba and Mexico
    (2017) Cossalter, Javier
    This article deals with modern Latin American cinema based on the articulation of the short film and the documentary as fundamental agents in the settlement of this phenomenon in the region. For this we have chosen three countries ?Mexico, Brazil and Cuba? that have experienced dissimilar realities in terms of the conformation of an industrial cinematographic tradition, deployment we explore in a first section. Then, in the second section we corroborate the role of the short documentary in the three cinemas contemplated through the development of the short film throughout history to lead to the expressive and semantic renewal of the fifties and sixties. Short film has become an effective means for transition or entry into modernity. In a third section, we examine the potentialities of the short film in conjunction with the characteristics of documentary film and perform a comparative textual analysis of three representative examples of those three countries, in order to trace common aesthetic patterns and note the significant marks of modern cinema.
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    Vademecum poético. Devenires más allá de la medicalización en oncogrrrls / Poetic Vademecum. Becomings beyond medicalization in oncogrrrls
    (2017) Novella Centellas, Caro
    Oncogrrrls is an artistic, activist and situated knowledge-making project with women and queer individuals about the oncological experience. In the context of the laboratory-rehearsal held in several cities across Spain on December 2016, and in response to oncological experiences of isolation and affective/politic/erotic deactivation, we inquired: How can we become beyond medicalization? This research, grounded on the Performance Studies method PaR (Practice as Research), uses performative scores as method and offer. These scores become invitations to eroticize, soften, entangle and ritualize, as well as to co-compose a poetic vademecum; rehearsal practices to enact a situated, multiple and relational onco-body. Keywords: Cancer, Performance, Practice as Research, Rehearsal, Feminism, Activism, Scoring, Erotic, Ritual
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    Biopower, Body Commodification, and Defiance of Neoliberal Logic in Impuesto a la Carne by Diamela Eltit / Biopoder, mercantilización del cuerpo y desafío a la lógica neoliberal en Impuesto a la carne de Damiela Eltit
    (2017) Tille Victorica, Nancy
    This article analyses the novel Impuesto a la carne (2010) by Diamela Eltit and favors a reading that focuses on the past forty years of Chile?s history. Drawing on recent biopolitical concepts by Foucault and Agamben, this article demonstrates how the hospital setting in Eltit?s novel allows her to embody neoliberalism and account for the usually invisible bodily experiences of racialized and gendered patients/citizens, while simultaneously showing that the neoliberal model, in its quest for continuous expansion, is now colonizing the inner spaces of the corporeal body. This article also briefly shows that through her writing of the maternal body, Eltit highlights its potential for resistance and for meaningful connections to other human beings. Her novel thus calls for the emergence of a renewed type of activism that brings together marginalized communities to denounce the embodied nature of social injustice created and reinforced through neoliberalism and to potentially attain the social equality that democracy was supposed to deliver.Este artículo propone un análisis de la novela Impuesto a la carne (2010) de Diamela Eltit. Basándose en parte en conceptos de biopoder propuestos por Foucault, se demuestra cómo el marco del hospital donde el sufrimiento extremo y el abuso prolongado infligido sobre los cuerpos posiblemente indígenas de la narradora y su madre, le permite a Eltit remitir a la versión silenciada de la historia de Chile y especialmente a su reciente pasado totalitario. Eltit expone cómo el modelo neoliberal vigente es dependiente de los cuerpos humanos para funcionar, y denuncia algunos de los procesos usados por el estado-mercado para excluir, explotar y beneficiarse de lo que considera cuerpos marginados. Este artículo revela también cómo, en su escritura, Eltit recalca el poder de resistencia del cuerpo materno y su potencial para crear conexiones significativas entre seres humanos. En este sentido, la novela anuncia la emergencia de un tipo renovado de activismo que une a las comunidades marginalizadas para denunciar la naturaleza corporalizada de las injusticias sociales creadas y reinforzadas por el sistema neoliberal. 
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    Enfermedad y monstruosidad en Sangre en el ojo de Lina Meruane / Disease and monstrosity in Sangre en el ojo [Seeing Red] by Lina Meruane
    (2017) Mancilla Troncoso, Juan Manuel
    The relationship between individual and disease is examined in Lina Meruane?s novel Sangre en el ojo [Seeing Red]. Notions of monstrosity proposed by Foucault and Negri are used to approach the protagonist?s disease as an event which causes crisis in the paradigm of order, thus subverting social regulatory systems. The pathological process is approached as an element breaching and displaying the sinister aspect of ?reality?. Keywords: Disease, monstrosity, animality, the sinister, abjection.
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    Error de cálculo. Vida y enfermedad en la literatura latinoamericana / Miscalculation. Life and illness in Latin American literature
    (2017) Sánchez Idiart, Cecilia
    Through the interrogation of illness and knowledges about life, the novels A céu aberto (1996) by João Gilberto Noll, Impuesto a la carne (2010) by Diamela Eltit and Fruta podrida (2007) by Lina Meruane explore the transformations undergone by former disciplinary institutions under the conditions of a new apparatus of power which aspires to manage the population as human capital. Against any imperative of efficiency, these novels find in illness the potential of invention of languages and modes of common life that exceed the calculations of the state and the market. Keywords: Biopolitics, illness, affect, the common, contemporary Latin American literature.
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    Del hospital de pobres a la cultura hospitalo-céntrica. Economía política y cambio cultural en el sistema hospitalario catalán / From the poor hospital to the hospital-centric culture. Political economy and cultural change in the Catalan hospital system
    (2017) Comelles, Josep M.; Alegre Agís, Elisa; Barceló i Prats, Josep
    This article describes the evolution of the Catalan Health System, using the development of a key cultural concept ?hospital-centrism? to understand the hegemony of the hospital institution in the current health devices. To this purpose, and using two complementary perspectives such as anthropological history and medical anthropology, the article analyzes a case study from three examples: the demand for hospital emergencies related with a cultural conception of what is ?severe?, and with its effectiveness embodied by the citizens; the need of the asylum role in chronic or terminal diseases; and the transformation of domestic care to ?domestic hospitalization? in mental health cases. Keywords: hospital-centrism, health system, history of hospitals, emergencies, chronic care, mental health.
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    El model de la sida i les seves víctimes / The AIDS model and its victims
    (2017) Torra Borràs, Teresa
    En un moviment similar al que efectua Michel Foucault en analitzar la lepra i la pesta com a malalties model del poder disciplinari i del poder sobirà, l?objectiu serà presentar la sida com a malaltia model del biopoder. Es tracta d?analitzar com els mecanismes de poder i de saber que gestionen la sida responen a una determinada economia de poder, que ja no pot ser explicada a través del model binari de la lepra, ni del model pesat i geomètric de la pesta. Per aconseguir això, farem un breu recorregut pel concepte de biopoder i pel model de la lepra i de la pesta. Seguidament, presentarem les novetats del model de la sida. L?anàlisi es centrarà en els primers anys de la malaltia: farem un recorregut pels primers casos que van aparèixer i com van ser analitzats tant pel personal mèdic com pels mitjans de comunicació. Però, sobretot, es centrarà en les víctimes: com van ser tractades i estigmatitzades, el reagrupament dels anomenats ?grups de risc?. En definitiva, veure com la seva relació amb la malaltia i la mort va passar per les instàncies del poder. Paraules clau: Foucault, biopoder, malaltia, sida, víctimes.
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    Comer nada o la defensa del vacío / To eat nothing or the defense of emptiness
    (2017) Durá Celma, Rosa
    This article highlights the approach that Lacanian psychoanalysis adopts towards anorexia. From a clinical and theoretical perspective, it summarily describes the consideration of that symptom, distinguishing its manifestation in the different clinical structures. The article show that anorexia is closely related to desire and, therefore, to the demand of the Other and castration. Likewise, the article reflects on the agent role of the social Other in the emergence of anorexia, as it pushes the subjects to an immediate satisfaction with objects of consumption. Keywords: anorexia, lacanian psychoanalysis, capitalist discourse, plus object of enjoyment.
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    Desde la clínica de fertilidad : alianzas reproductivas, madres jubileas y bebés probeta / From the fertility clinic: reproductive alliances, jubilee mothers and test tube babies
    (2017) Taranilla García, Raquel
    This article addresses the discourse of assisted reproduction technology. By analyzing texts produced by fertility clinics, the aim is to describe the current role of reproductive treatments and to consider their benefits in undermining well-established stereotypes. First, the increase in the use of assisted reproductive technologies breaks down the hegemonic narrative of human conception (in which the powerful sperm conquers the egg to start a new life). Second, in fertility clinic human reproduction should be considered a collective task, in which fruitful relationships are developed. Third, assisted reproductive technology fosters the emergence of new subjectivities linked to motherhood/fatherhood and filiation, which destabilize prevailing gender and family identities. As an example of a new subjectivity, jubilee motherhood is proposed. The fusion of body and technology in it challenges the social construction of infertility. Keywords: fertility clinic, assisted reproductive technology, motherhood, filiation, subjectivity, medical discourse.
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    "El poder no es el suelo natal del sujeto". Conversación con Jorge Alemán / ?Power is not the native soil of the subject? Conversation with Jorge Alemán
    (2017) Raymondi, José Alberto
    En esta conversación se aborda un tema de especial interés en el marco del pensamiento contemporáneo: la biopolítica y su relación con lo que se puede considerar como las nuevas teorías de la subjetividad o el sujeto. El psicoanálisis se encuentra en la actualidad entre los discursos que han renovado la perspectiva modera de la concepción del sujeto. Lacan se ha convertido en un autor subversivo de estas concepciones clásicas acerca de lo subjetivo. En ese marco conceptual, Jorge Alemán se ha erigido en los últimos años como un autor relevante para entender las posibles articulaciones entre política y psicoanálisis. Fundamentalmente sus desarrollos e innovación teórica permite un diálogo con los pensadores que luego de Foucault continúan pensando y produciendo en torno a la biopolítica. Esta conversación aborda puntos cruciales de los planteamiento más álgidos y complejos de ese debate actual. Palabras clave: Jorge Alemán, psicoanálisis, poder, sujeto, biopolítica.