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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2018. Vol. 10, no. 2
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- Caries and quality of life in portuguese adolescents : impact of diet and behavioural risk factors(2018) Montero MartÃn, Javier; Costa, José; Bica, Isabel; Barrios, RocÃoThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet and behavioural risk factors on caries appearance, and on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Portuguese adolescents. An epidemiological study conducted on 782 adolescents between 11-17 years, from randomly selected public schools of the 3rd cycle of basic education. All participants were asked for self-perceived general status health, about tooth-brushing habits and about the using of toothpaste with fluoride and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was evaluated according to WHO criteria. To evaluate the OHRQoL, the 49-items Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-49) was applied. Consumption more than once a week of tea with sugar, milk with sugar and biscuits were significantly associated with DMFT index. Lower levels in OHRQoL was reported by students who consumed frequently (more than once a week) fast food, chocolate flakes and those who brushed their teeth once a day or less frequently instead of 2-3 times a day. Frequency of consumption of sweetened/fast food was a significant factor associated with caries and quality of life.
- Management of symptomatic florid cemento-osseous dysplasia : literature review and a case report(2018) Aiuto, Riccardo; Gucciardino, Federico; Rapetti, Roberta; Siervo, Sandro; Bianchi, Andrea E.Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a jaw disorder characterized by a reactive process in which normal bone is replaced by connective tissue matrix. There are different Cemento-osseous dysplasia entities. The treatment of these lesions, once diagnosed by radiology, is not required because generally they are asymptomatic. The localization is in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws and its distribution is symmetric. In this case report, a 57-year-old Caucasian female patient was referred to our attention complaining of painful inflammatory events localized in the right angle of the jaw. The radiographic appearance, the distribution of several lesions and the positive vitality test of the involved teeth, supported the diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia. Because of the symptomatology, the patient was submitted to surgery and the lesion and the second inferior right molar were removed. The histological examination of the specimens confirmed the diagnosis. Many lesions that may exhibit a similar sclerotic appearance on conventional radiographs have to be differentiated and dental imaging can be used to discriminate between Florid COD and other lesions. Diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia can be made with accurate clinical and radiographic assessment. In asymptomatic cases no treatment is required and the patient should have regular follow-up, but in this symptomatic case it was necessary to proceed with surgical intervention. The surgery treatment in the symptomatic case had a favourable prognosis and the two years follow-up has shown a complete healing. Given the abow, it is concluded that the choice of treatment must be selective according to the disease sites.
- Approaches used to care for carious primary molars among pediatric dentists and general dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia(2018) Aldhilan, Shatha; Al-Haj Ali, SanaaThe aim of this cross sectional study was (1) to identify and compare the approaches which are used to care for carious primary molars between pediatric dentists (PDs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Saudi Arabia and (2) to evaluate the knowledge level of the most appropriate treatment decisions for both groups with regard to caries in primary molars and its relation with demographic variables. A random sample of 600 GDPs and all registered PDs (n = 100) in the Saudi dental society in 2016 were emailed a two part questionnaire; the first part included questions about demographic data and the second part investigated knowledge of the participants of the most appropriate treatment decision in four hypothetical case scenarios in which the severity of caries in a single primary first molar differed. Data were analyzed using chi square and ordinal logistic regression statistical tests. The significance was set at 0.05. The average knowledge score was 1.28 for GDPs and 1.80 for PDs. There were significant differences between both groups on their choice of the most appropriate treatment option in three out of four scenarios. Two factors significantly improved the participants? knowledge; age and qualification (P<0.050.05). PDs were more interventionists, ready to perform pulpotomy and extraction in the absence of equally appropriate treatment options. GDPs and PDs in Saudi Arabia had different treatment approaches of different carious conditions affecting primary molars. PDs had moderate but significantly better knowledge of the most appropriate treatment option than GDPs.
- The retention characteristics of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers with different retention protocols(2018) Ramazanzadeh, Baratali; Ahrari, Farzaneh; Hosseini, Zahra-SadatThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different protocols of wearing vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) with the standard protocol of wearing Hawley retainer in maintaining the results of orthodontic treatment. This single-blind randomized clinical trial consisted of 90 patients who finished orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics of Mashhad Dental School, and required removable retainers. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups and received the following treatments. Group 1: Hawley retainers (4 months full-time and then night-only); group 2: VFR_4M (4 months full-time and then night-only); group 3: VFR_1W (1 week full-time and then night-only). The study models were prepared after debond and at 4 and 8 months later, and intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length and the Little?s irregularity index were compared between groups. No significant differences were found in intercanine and intermolar widths between groups (P<05). Upper arch length was significantly lower in Hawley group than the two VFR groups (p<0.05), but lower arch length values were comparable. Upper irregularity index was significantly lower in two VFR groups compared to Hawley group (p<0.05), whereas in the lower jaw, only VFR_4M group showed significantly lower crowding than Hawley group (p<0.05). Both retention regimens of VFRs were more effective than Hawley retainer in maintaining arch length and tooth alignment in the upper arch. For better incisor alignment in the lower jaw, the patients should be advocated to wear VFR 4 months full-time and then at night instead of wearing Hawley retainer.
- Role of coefficient of thermal expansion on bond strength of ceramic veneered yttrium-stabilized zirconia(2018) Juntavee, Niwut; Dangsuwan, CholladaIncompatible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is supposed to be a reason for chipping of ceramic veneered zirconia. This study evaluates the effect of veneering ceramic at varied CTE on bond strength to zirconia. Zirconia disks (Z, Ø 10 mm, 1.0 mm thickness) were prepared from Y-TZP (Cercon®) and sintered at 1350°C for 6 hours. All zirconia disks were veneered with ceramics ((Ø 7.0 mm, 1.5 mm thickness) with varied CTE including VITADur® alpha (VD?), VITAVM®7 (VM7), VITAVM®9 (VM9), Cercon® ceramkiss (CCK), IPSe.max® ceram (IeC), and IPS dSIGN® (IdS) (n=15). The specimens were thermo-cycled (5-55 °C, 500 cycles) prior to determine the shear bond strength on a universal testing machine. The veneering ceramic and zirconia rods (Ø 4 mm, 30 mm length) were prepared for CTE evaluation. ANOVA and Tukey?s multiple comparisons were used to determine the statistically significant difference (?=0.05). Weibull analysis was applied for survival probability, Weibull modulus (m), and characteristics strength (?o) of the shear bond. The interfaces were microscopically examined. The phase transformation of zirconia was determined using X ray diffraction. The mean±sd (MPa), m, and ?o of bond strength were 20.45±2.32, 9.25, and 21.53 for Z-VD?, 19.47±4.53, 4.66, and 20.31 for Z-VM7, 21.05±3.96, 5.61, and 21.88 for Z-IeC, 25.85±2.74, 9.93, and 27.15 for Z-VM9, 25.82±4.39, 6.27, and 27.06 for Z-CCK, and 2.96±0.73, 4.11, and 3.28 for Z-IdS. The CTE (×10-6/°C) were 10.80, 7.83, 7.87, 9.86, 9.93, 10.03, and 12.95 for Z, VD?, VM7, IeC, VM9, CCK, and IdS. The bond strength was significantly affected by the CTE difference (p<0.05). The t?m phase transformation related with the CTE difference. The CTE?s differences induced stress that affected the bond strength. CTE?s compatibility of veneering ceramic to zirconia is crucial for enhancing the bond strength. The CTE difference approximately 0.77-0.87×10-6/°C was recommended.
- Expansion of permanent first molars with rapid maxillary expansion appliance anchored on primary second molars(2018) Tepedino, Michele; Iancu-Potrubacz, Maciej; Ciavarella, Domenico; Masedu, Francesco; Marchione, Laura; Chimenti, ClaudioTo evaluate how the amount of expansion of the primary second molars, the patient?s age, and the skeletal maturation stage influence the amount of expansion at the level of the permanent first molars. Fifty-five patients aged between 6 and 11 years with a cervical vertebral maturation stage of CS1 or CS2 were retrospectively selected. The intermolar width was measured before and after expansion to evaluate the amount of expansion achieved at the level of the primary second molars and the permanent first molars. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to evaluate how the amount of primary molars expansion, the patient?s age, and the cervical vertebral maturation stage predict the amount of permanent molar expansion. A significant regression equation was found, and for every 1 mm of primary molar expansion, 0.91 mm of permanent molar expansion can be expected. An age between 6 and 11 years and the CS1 or CS2 skeletal maturation stage were not significant predictors of permanent molar expansion. A rapid maxillary expansion appliance anchored on primary second molars is effective in expanding the permanent molars to correct a transverse maxillary deficiency in prepubertal patients, transferring the risks associated with the large forces used to the primary teeth.
- Cystic mass of the floor of the mouth(2018) Brunet GarcÃa, Aina; Lucena Rivero, Elizabeth Daniela; Brunet GarcÃa, Laia; Faubel Serra, MartaEpidermoid and dermoid cysts in the oral cavity are relatively uncommon lesions of developmental origin. They often remain asymptomatic for years until they grow enough to interfere with speech, deglutition and less often with breathing which can pose a critical risk to the airway and require immediate surgery. A case of an epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth affecting a 37-year-old man is presented; this lesion was surgically enucleated with an intraoral approach. Patient did well postoperatively and there was no evidence of recurrence up to 2 years of follow up. Floor of the mouth is a challenging site for the diagnosis of a broad variety of lesions which the surgeon should be aware. Depending on the anatomical relation to the muscles of the floor of the mouth dermoid cysts are classified as supramylohyoid or inframylohyoid, and they will both have different clinical and radiological features. This article also includes literature review about the etiopathological, clinical, radiological and histological features, the differential diagnosis and its treatment.
- Porosity analysis of MTA and Biodentine cements for use in endodontics by using micro?computed tomography(2018) Guerrero, Fabricio; Berástegui Jimeno, Esther MarÃaThe purpose of this study is to compare the porosity of two repair cements, White ProRoot® MTA and Biodentine®. These samples were analyzed by using micro-computed microtomography. Sixteen samples were used in the study that were divided according to the composition of the materials used. White ProRoot® MTA (n = 8) and Biodentine® (n = 8) were the samples prepared according to the manufacturer?s instructions. They were placed in silicone molds of 5 ± 0.1mm in height and an internal diameter of 5 ± 0.1mm, 24 hours after its preparation, the samples were scanned through a micro-CT, the porosity results were analyzed statistically by independent ?t? tests. It is evident that Biodentine® has better porosity properties than ProRoot® MTA. The results of the study quantify a smaller number of pores per surface, a smaller volume in each pore per mm3 and a lower total porosity present in samples of Biodentine® unlike ProRoot® MTA samples which is larger in both. The results obtained in computerized microtomography endodontic biomaterial samples concluded that Biodentine® has a lower porosity than ProRoot® MTA.
- Accuracy of fit of implant-supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by different dental stones(2018) Kioleoglou, Ioannis; Pissiotis, Argirios; Konstantinos, MichalakisThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fitting of an implant supported screw-retained bar made on definitive casts produced by 4 different dental stone products. The dental stones tested were QuickRock (Protechno), FujiRock (GC), Jade Stone (Whip Mix) and Moldasynt (Heraeus). Three external hexagon implants were placed in a polyoxymethylene block. Definitive impressions were made using monophase high viscosity polyvinylsiloxane in combination with custom trays. Then, definitive models from the different types of dental stones were fabricated. Three castable cylinders with a machined non-enganging base were cast and connected with a very small quantity of PMMA to a cast bar, which was used to verify the marginal discrepancies between the abutments and the prosthetic platforms of the implants. For that purpose special software and a camera mounted on an optical microscope were used. The gap was measured by taking 10 measurements on each abutment, after the Sheffield test was applied. Twelve definitive casts were fabricated for each gypsum product and 40 measurements were performed for each cast. Mean, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was performed. Mann-Whitney test (P<.06) was used for the statistical analysis of the measurements. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant effect of the stone factor on the marginal discrepancy for all Sheffield test combinations: 1. Abutment 2 when screw was fastened on abutment 1 (?2=3, df=35.33, P<0.01), 2. Abutment 3 when the screw was fastened on abutment 1 (?2=3, df=37.74, P<0.01), 3. Abutment 1 when the screw was fastened on abutment 3 (?2=3, df=39.79, P<0.01), 4. Abutment 2 when the screw was fastened on abutment 3 (?2=3, df=37.26, P<0.01). A significant correlation exists between marginal discrepancy and different dental gypsum products used for the fabrication of definitive casts for implant supported bars. The smallest marginal discrepancy was noted on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by Type III mounting stone. The biggest marginal discrepancy was noted on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by Type V dental stone. The marginal discrepancies presented on implant supported bars fabricated on definitive casts made by two types of Type IV dental stone were not significantly different.
- Antibiotic prescription for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications after routine dental implant placement. A cross-sectional study performed in Spain(2018) Camps Font, Octavi; Viaplana Gutiérrez, Marta; Mir Mari, Javier; Figueiredo, Rui; Gay Escoda, Cosme; Valmaseda Castellón, E.As there are no established guidelines for antibiotic prescription after dental implant placement a study was made to determine the current prescribing habits of several groups of practitioners regarding antibiotics to prevent and/or treat postoperative complications ? early failures and infections ? in relation to routine dental implant placement. An electronic survey was sent to postgraduate students and professionals with experience in routine dental implant placement who practice in Spain. The questions asked were related to whether antibiotics were routinely prescribed either pre- or postoperatively to prevent and/or treat postoperative complications during routine dental implant placement, and, if so, what antibiotics, dosage, frequency, and duration were used. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the data were performed. Two hundred and forty-seven responses were obtained. Preventively, 17 respondents (6.9%) prescribed antibiotics only preoperatively (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7 to 10.0%), 100 (40.5%) preferred to give them exclusively during the postoperative period (95%CI 34.4 to 46.6%) and 94 practitioners (38.1%) prescribed antibiotics both pre- and post-operatively (95%CI 32.0 to 44.1%). The most common preoperative regime was amoxicillin 2 g given orally 1 hour before the procedure (21.6%, n = 24) following amoxicillin 750 mg given orally 1 day prior to surgery (21.6%, n = 24). The most common routine postoperative regime was amoxicillin 750 mg given orally for 7 days (34.0%, n = 66). To treat postoperative infections during the osseointegration period, 233 respondents (93.2%) prescribed antibiotics (95%CI 91.4 to 97.2%). The most common regime used was amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate 875/125 mg, given orally for 7 days (51.9%, n = 121). There is no consensus among dental clinicians regarding antibiotic use during routine dental implant placement to prevent postoperative complications and/or early failures. Moreover, the most commonly-prescribed regimes differ from that recommend in the latest published studies.
- Evidence of variable bacterial colonization on coloured elastomeric ligatures during orthodontic treatment : an intermodular comparative study(2018) Sharma, Ravish; Sharma, Kavita; Sawhney, RajeshBesides, other factors, the choice of materials used as orthodontic ligatures could be one of the many tools to counter the effects of microbial adhesion, that culminates into dental ailments. Therefore, we assessed bacterial adhesion on elastomeric ligatures with special reference to coloured elastomeric rings during orthodontic treatment. A split mouth study, involving 240 samples of different elastomeric ligatures from forty orthodontic patients possessing good oral hygiene was carried out. The archwire was ligated to the brackets on both arches with elastomeric rings (superslick, clear transparent , blue and pink) at predetermined quadrants. After six weeks, ligatures from second premolars were removed and processed for bacterial enumeration using standard techniques. Bacterial counts were also determined for stimulated saliva samples taken at 0 and 6 weeks. A statistically significant difference in bacterial counts was obtained amongst different elastomeric modules used. Maximum bacterial counts were found on conventional pigmented elastomeric modules, followed by Superslick module and clear module. More number of bacteria associated with the conventional pink as compared to the conventional blue pigmented modules, however it was not statistically significant. The three bacterial genera Streptococcus Staphylococcus and Aerobic Lactobacilli adhered to elastomeric modules in following predominant pattern i.e. Conventional pink>Conventional Blue>Superslick>Clear. The studies evidenced colour and material dependent bacterial colonization on orthodontic modules and could be an indicator of bacterial biofilm forming potential based on surface chemistries and a clinically efficacious tool to redesign conventional and modified elastomeric rings as orthodontic ligation accessories.
- Dentigerous cyst with parietal and intracystic calcifications : a case report and literature review(2018) Borrás Ferreres, Jordi; Sánchez Torres, Alba; Aguirre UrÃzar, José Manuel; Gay Escoda, CosmeDentigerous cyst appears surrounding the crown of an included tooth. On the radiographic exam, a radiolucent rounded well-defined lesion can be observed. This study reports a clinical case of a 34-years old man with a pericoronal radiolucent lesion associated to an impacted lower third molar with the presence of radiopaque material inside. The radiological differential diagnosis was calcifying odontogenic tumor, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and dentigerous cyst. The impacted third molar was removed and the lesion was sent for the histopathological exam. The histopathological diagnosis was dentigerous cyst with capsular calcifications. Specifically, parietal calcifications on its connective wall and a piece of cemento-osseous tissue inside. Non-neoplastic lesions such as dentigerous cysts could develop radiopacities inside the radiolucent pericoronal area.
- Enamel evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after debonding brackets and removal of adhesive remnants(2018) Claudino, Dikson; Kuga, Milton Carlos; Belizário, Lauriê; Pereira, Jefferson RicardoThe bonding of accessories in the dental crown during the orthodontic treatment creates microporosities, thus promoting micromechanical retention of the adhesive to the enamel structure. After debonding brackets, at the end of the active orthodontic treatment, a certain amount of adhesive remnants must be mechanically removed from the enamel. The objective of this study was to compare, by means of scanning electron microscopy, three different methods to remove the adhesive remnants after orthodontic bracket removal. An experimental analytical study was conducted on human premolar specimens, extracted within a year or less. The preparation of the enamel was carried out with the application of 35% phosphoric acid and Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer® adhesive. Edgwise Standart prescription brackets, slot .022 ?(Morelli Orthodontia) were glued to the enamel using Transbond XT® bonding resin. The brackets were placed on the center of the vestibular face of the clinical crown, and a 300-gram pressure was exerted against the surface of the enamel, measured with an orthodontic dynamometer. The brackets were debonded with adhesive removing pliers, and the samples were divided into groups, according to the protocol used for adhesive remnant removal: high-speed multi-laminated drill bit, low-speed multi-laminated drill bit, and low-speed glass fiber. After removal of the adhesive remnants, the samples went through scanning electron microscopy, obtaining electro micrographs with a magnification range of 150 X, 500 X, and 2,000 X. The tested method showed that the best effectiveness for the removal of the adhesive remnants after bracket debonding was the use of a tungsten carbide multi-laminated high speed, followed by the use of a tungsten carbide multi-laminated, low-rotation drill. The use of fiberglass drill alone has proved to be inefficient for clinical use, given the large amounts of adhesive remnants it leaves on the enamel. All methods evaluated in this study proved to be inefficient for total removal of adhesive remnants from the enamel.
- Periopathogenic bacteria in dental plaque of Congolese patients with periodontitis : a pilot study(2018) Kalala-Kazadi, Em; Sekele-Issouradi, Jean-Paul; Bolenge-Ileboso, Jaques; Lasserre, Jerome F.; Mantshumba-Milolo, Augustin; Ntumba-Mulumba, Hubert; Brecx, MichelPeriopathogenic bacteria play an important role in the etiology of periodontal disease. At present, no study screening for periopathogens in the DR Congo was carried out. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of five periopathogens in Congolese patients with periodontitis and to determine the association between these bacteria. Twelve patients (eight women and four men) with a mean age of 45 ± 19 years from those consulted in dental services of two medical centers of Kinshasa from April 2017 to October 2017 were included. Full mouth examination was registered, the probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were assessed at six sites per tooth. Dental subgingival plaque samples were taken in the deepest pocket per arch in the maxilla and mandible. DNA analysis was performed using DNA-strip technology. The Fisher Exact test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were detected at high level of 92%, Prevotella intermedia at a rate of 75% whereas Treponema denticola was detected in all patients. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was not detected. Strong associations were found between three bacteria of the red complex and between T. denticola and P. intermedia (r=1). This first study investigating periopathogens in subgingival plaque of Congolese with periodontitis demonstrated a high prevalence of the red complex (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola). Associations between different bacteria of this complex were strong.
- Mucormycosis of maxilla following tooth extraction in immunocompetent patients : reports and review(2018) Nilesh, Kumar; Vande, Aaditee V.Mucormycosis is a rare, fulminant, rapidly spreading fungal infection, which usually affects patient with underlying immune deficiency. If not managed promptly, the disease is characterized by progressive necrosis and is often fatal. A review of English literature shows that only fourteen cases of mucormycosis have been reported after tooth extraction. This paper highlights two cases of mucormycosis subsequent to tooth extraction in healthy adult patients. This first patient presented with an oroantral fistula and extensive maxillary necrosis. Whereas the second case was localized and presented as non-healing extraction socket with alveolar necrosis. This adds two more cases of this rare and serious complication of tooth extraction, to the present literature.
- In vitro quantitative comparison of erosive potential of infant mouthwashes on glass ionomer cement(2018) da Silva, Aline-Bastos; Rapôso, Nayre-Maria-Lauande; Gomes, Isabella-Azevedo; Gonçalves, LetÃcia-Machado; Paschoal, Marco-Aurélio-BeniniThe widespread use of mouthwashes, specially in children, is a concern, since the long-term use may modify the topography of dental materials. However, this process still unclear regarding the wear related to infant mouthwashes on glass ionomer cement. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was evaluate the erosive potential of infant mouthwashes on glass ionomer cement specimens. Forty round-shaped specimens were divided into 4 groups (N=10) and submitted to erosive cycling for 15 days, being exposed 2X/day in the following children?s active agents mouthwash solutions: G1- cetylpyridinium chloride, G2- xylitol and triclosan and G3 - Malva sylvestris and xylitol. Prior to cycling, the specimens were submitted to the surface roughness measurement. After erosive cycling, the specimens were reanalyzed, and calculated the increase of roughness (?Ra). Additionally, it was adopted distilled water as a negative control (G4). As an extra analysis, the mouthwashes had their pH values measured. The results were submitted to T-test and ANOVA followed by Tukey test at 5%. In relation to pH values, G2 presented the most acidic pH value (pH = 6.83) in comparison to other substances. Regarding the comparison of the final roughness values (R) among the groups, it was verified that the mouthwashes showed significant roughness increase in comparison to control group, especially to G3 group (Rf = 1.67 ± 0.14) as well the ?Ra values with statistical difference in comparison to distilled water. Still, with exception of control group outcome, an increase of roughness of each mouthwash was verified after the studied period. Active agents present in infant mouthwashes were capable of roughness increased of glass ionomer cement surface, demonstrating an erosive potential of this material largely used in pediatric dentistry.
- Association of liver enzyme levels and alveolar bone loss : a cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island(2018) Kuroki, Ayumi; Sugita, Noriko; Komatsu, Shigeki; Yokoseki, Akio; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Kobayashi, Tetsuo; Nakamura, Kazutoshi; Momotsu, Takeshi; Endo, Naoto; Sato, Kenji; Narita, Ichiei; Yoshie, HiromasaThe interaction of periodontopathic bacteria with host immune system induces the production of inflammatory mediators which leads to alveolar bone loss (ABL), the essential feature of periodontitis. Concurrently, periodontal diseases cause the elevation of blood cytokine levels, the alteration of gut microbiota and the dissemination of enterobacteria to the liver. Owing to these mechanisms, periodontal disease might be a risk for liver dysfunction. Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between periodontal diseases and liver dysfunction, although the association between ABL and liver dysfunction has not been investigated. This cross-sectional study determined if elevated serum liver enzyme levels were associated with ABL in Japanese adults. Japanese adults living on Sado Island who visited Sado General Hospital were invited to participate in the study. Participants over 40 years of age who underwent dental panoramic radiography and blood tests were included. Drinking and smoking habits were self-administered. After excluding patients with edentulous jaw, diagnosed liver diseases, and those on dialysis, data from 44 men and 66 women with a mean age of 73 years were analyzed. The average percentage of ABL for each participant was calculated for mesial and distal sites of all remaining teeth. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. Univariate analyses were performed to select covariates to be put in multivariate analyses. The association between elevated serum liver enzyme levels and the highest quartile of ABL were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting for covariates, no significant association was found between elevated serum AST, ALT, or GGT levels as dependent variables and the highest quartile of ABL as an explanatory variable. There was no significant association between the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels and ABL in Japanese adults.
- Estimation of salivary cortisol among subjects undergoing dental extraction(2018) Gadicherla, Srikanth; Shenoy, Revathi-Panduranga; Patel, Bhavik; Ray, Meenakshi; Naik, Brijesh; Pentapati, Kalyana-ChakravartyDental procedures can be stressful and studies have shown that salivary cortisol is elevated during such procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate saliva cortisol levels among the subjects who underwent dental extractions and to compare it with that of the controls. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate any correlation between salivary cortisol and hemodynamic parameters. We conducted this clinical study among subjects, who were indicated for dental extraction. Saliva samples from the subjects in the study group were collected before and after (10 mins) the dental extraction. Hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and oxygen saturation (Sp O2) were measured 10 minutes prior to the dental extraction and after completion of the extraction by a single trained examiner. Salivary cortisol was estimated by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 31 subjects in the study group and 24 subjects in control group have participated in this study. The mean salivary cortisol concentration was significantly higher after extraction (27.94±7.94) than before extraction (24.67±8.31) in the study group (P<0.001). No significant correlations were seen between salivary cortisol concentration and hemodynamic parameters except for diastolic blood pressure after extraction. Dental extractions and local anaesthetic procedures can induce stress in subjects. Dental care providers should try to minimise the subject?s anxiety and stress to the maximum extent.
- Shear bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin : evaluation of NaOCl pretreatment(2018) Colombo, Marco; Beltrami, Riccardo; Chiesa, Marco; Poggio, Claudio; Scribante, AndreaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dentin pretreatment with NaOCl on shear bond strength of four one-step self-etch adhesives with different pH values. Bovine permanent incisors were used. Four one-step self-etch adhesives were tested: Adper? Easy Bond, Futurabond NR, G-aenial Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond. One two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was used as control. Group 1- no pretreatment; group 2- pretratment with 5,25 % NaOCl; group 3- pretreatment with 37 % H3PO4 etching and 5,25 % NaOCl. A hybrid composite resin was inserted into the dentin surface. The specimens were tested in a universal testing machine. The examiners evaluated the fractured surfaces in optical microscope to determine failure modes, quantified with adhesive remnant index (ARI). Dentin pretreatment variably influenced bond strength values of the different adhesive systems. When no dentin pretreatment was applied, no significant differences were found (P >.05) among four adhesives tested. No significant differences were recorded when comparing NaOCl pretreatment with H3PO4 + NaOCl pretreatment for all adhesive tested (P >.05) except Clearfil S3 Bond that showed higher shear bond strength values when H3PO4 was applied. Frequencies of ARI scores were calculated. The influence of dentin pretreatment with NaOCl depends on the composition of each adhesive system used. There was no difference in bond strength values among self-etch adhesives with different pH values.
- Biological and physico-chemical properties of new root canal sealers(2018) Colombo, Marco; Poggio, Claudio; Dagna, Alberto; Meravini, Maria-Vittoria; Riva, Paolo; Trovati, Federico; Pietrocola, GiampieroThe purpose of the present study was to compare the biological and the physico-chemical properties of bioceramic-based root canal sealers, calcium hydroxide-based, MTA-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. Two bioceramic-based sealers, one calcium hydroxide-based sealer, one MTA-based sealer and two epoxy resin-based sealers were tested. EasySeal and MTA Fillapex showed severe citotoxic activity, AH Plus and SealapexTM moderate cytotoxicity, BioRoot? RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer were both cytocompatible. Except for TotalFill BC Sealer, all root canal sealers caused inhibition zones when tested with E. faecalis. The highest inhibition zone was observed for EasySeal, followed by AH Plus. BioRoot? RCS, SealapexTM and MTA Fillapex showed the lowest inhibition zone. All the tested materials showed different degree of antibacterial activity by using direct contact test (DCT). The highest values were observed for BioRoot? RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal, followed by MTA Fillapex and SealapexTM. Except for BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer, all the root canal sealers fulfilled the requirements of the ISO 6876 standard, demonstrating a weight loss less than 3%. Bioroot RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer and SealapexTM exhibited high alkaline pH with an increase both for BioRoot? RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer after 24 hours. The new bioceramic-based sealers showed acceptable physico-chemical properties, but BioRoot? RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer seems to be too soluble, not respecting ISO 6876 requirements.
