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Language Gaceta internacional de ciencias forenses. 2022. No. 42
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- Bioética o necroética en tiempos de pandemia SARS-COV-2: una encrucijada moral entre la vida, la muerte y la dignidad póstuma(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Araujo Cuauro, Juan CarlosPropósito: La bioética puede actuar como una herramienta que permita reflexionar sobre aspectos éticos a los que la actual pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 nos enfrenta cada día, asimismo nos ayuda a ordenar y a colocar nuestros valores por sobre nuestros intereses. El el objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar en torno al nuevo contexto de los principios de la bioética con la situación de la actual pandemia es tener una perspectiva de la transición entre la bioética, como ética de la vida, hacia una necroética, que considera las relaciones afectivas y simbólicas en torno al cadáver, como extensión de la dignidad humana, la cual no claudica con el término de la vida en tiempo de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Enfoque: Esta pandemia desatada por el SARS-CoV-2 viene a representar un gran desafío para la bioética como disciplina de la moral, donde a la larga estos desafíos bioéticos desencadenaran dilemas éticos. Descripción: El SARS-CoV-2, no es solo un problema médico sanitario, también puede ser un virus que agrave la situación etico-social-cultural. El argumento inicial de este artículo es que, en medio de esta pandemia, la sociedad comienza a actuar de modo de excepcional y se defienden abiertamente medidas políticas y comportamientos sociales que nunca serían aceptados fuera de este contexto. Punto de Vista: Se deben revisar algunos conceptos comunes del derecho, como el paradigma de que la persona, al morir, se vuelve un objeto, poniendo en cuestión la idea tradicional de que los derechos del ser humano se extinguen con su fallecimiento. Se debe plantear, asimismo, la posibilidad de su reconocimiento a partir del concepto de ?personalidad pretérita trascendente? y teniendo en cuenta la dignidad póstuma de la persona. Conclusión: Frente a todo lo que está aconteciendo por consecuencia de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 se mantengan los conceptos bioéticos, deontológicos y morales del cuerpo inerte sin vida, así como el concepto de dignidad póstuma amparado por la tanato-ética o Necroética.
- Uso de la teoria de lineas consecutivas concordantes (CMS) para la identificacion de marcas en elementos balisticos(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Solana Aguilar, EnriqueThe discipline of forensic ballistics or more explicitly the area of experts in firearms and tool brands, has evolved constantly, this has brought about significant changes in the ways how in which expert reports are analyzed and issued, It is needless to say that these advances bring significant consequences regarding the actions of the expert, for this it is necessary to develop a simple explanation regarding the quantitative technique of the theory of matching or concordant consecutive striations (CMS), this is necessary since there are no many specific explanations of this theory in Spanish. This article explains the roots of this theory, its scope, and a brief explanation of how its process unfolds
- Implicaciones del consumo de refrescos en la salud mental y el comportamiento agresivo(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Puente Lozano, Hugo CesarThe creation of the soft drink dates from the year 1832 by John Matthews when he invented a machine that combined water and carbon dioxide, and added a flavoring, its consumption has been increasing exponentially over the years. At first, it was used as a medicine to treat small ailments, but to this day it is far from its original purpose, making its consumption mainly as a recreational means. Although the main ingredient in soft drinks is water, the sugar contained in these drinks poses serious health problems. The intake of soft drinks has a direct link with being overweight, tooth decay, diabetes, fatty liver disease; even, its consumption is attributed to 6.9% of annual deaths in adults in Mexico, a figure that is not unprecedented when realizing that Mexico heads the list of countries that consume the most soft drinks in the world. Through the review of research and studies, this article will focus its interest on the importance of mental health in the population, as well as the negative repercussions that the consumption of soft drinks can have on mental well-being and aggressive behaviors. The intake of sugary drinks exposes a serious problem, which has been almost unexplored in the area of psychology and criminology.
- Hacia la evaluación perceptual forense. Transformación de puntajes de similitud a relaciones de verosimilitud. Parte 2: hablantes femeninos(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Masessa, Evangelina; Suligoy, Stefanía; Molina, Nancy; Torres, Humberto; Univaso, Pedro; Gurlekian, Jorge A."Objective: to obtain the probabilistic distributions of the responses to the evaluation of pairs of female voices coming from the same and different speakers that allow the development of the indirect method for the calculation of the likelihood ratio (LR). Experimental development: it starts with the development of a database that considers the design of 2520 sentences, which will be emitted by 40 female native speakers from Argentina, in different sessions. Pairs of sentences from the same and different speakers were created by combining different sentences recorded in different sessions. The auditory evaluation of the pairs was carried out where the listeners had to indicate whether the two sentences had been generated by the same speaker or by different speakers, indicating the degree of confidence in the response. Results: from the evaluators' responses, probability density functions were obtained for pairs coming from the same speaker and from different speakers. When comparing the cumulative responses from 1 to 5 listeners to check the effect of the number of evaluators on the distributions obtained, a decrease in the error measurements was verified. Conclusions: The perceptual evaluation of voices makes it possible to represent the probability distribution functions of the responses to pairs of voices from the same and different speakers from a population of female native speakers. With the distributions obtained it will be possible to convert the score resulting from the evidence comparisons into likelihood ratios, known in the forensic field as ""the strength of the evidence"""
- Hacia la evaluación perceptual forense. Transformación de puntajes de similitud a relaciones de verosimilitud. Parte 1: hablantes masculinos(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Molina, Nancy; Suligoy, Stefanía; Masessa, Evangelina; Torres, Humberto; Univaso, Pedro; Gurlekian, Jorge A."Objective: to obtain the discriminant distributions of equal/different speakers for the typification of the model of male voices for the calculation of the likelihood ratio (LR). Experimental development: it starts with the development of a database of sentences considering the recording of 2520 sentences in different sessions and recordings of spontaneous speech of 40 native speakers from Argentina. Pairs of sentences coming from the same speaker and from different speakers were created by combining different sentences coming from different sessions. Perceptual evaluation of the pairs was carried out where listeners had to indicate whether the voices came from the same speaker or from different speakers indicating the degree of confidence in the response. Results: from the responses obtained from the classification and the degree of confidence, probability density functions were obtained for pairs coming from the same speaker and from different speakers. Cumulative responses from 1 to 5 listeners are compared to check the effect of the number of evaluators on the obtained distributions. Conclusions: The perceptual evaluation in this work allowed us to construct a model of the distributions of responses to voices from the same speaker (same origin) and from different speakers (different origin) for a population of male native speakers. The optimal number of evaluators ranges between 4 and 5 and was obtained by error analysis. With the obtained distributions it will be possible to convert the score resulting from the evidence comparisons into the likelihood ratios LR and LLR, known in the forensic field as ""the strength of the evidence""."
- Aplicación de la Queiloscopía para estimación del sexo en América Latina. Revisión de la literatura(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Larico Apaza, Yaneth Carol; Briem Stamm, Alan DiegoObjective: To analyze research inherent to the application and effectiveness of Cheiloscopy for the estimation of sex. Material and Method: Quantitative approach, descriptive and cross-sectional design. Scientific antecedents related to the study of lip prints and their influence for the estimation of sex were collected on samples from Latin American countries. SPSS software was used for data analysis and processing. Results: An effective use of Cheiloscopy was found to estimate sex in 72%. The number of samples used exceeded 100 people in 75% of the cases. The average age of the participants was 73% of subjects with 50 years or less. The most applied cheiloscopic classification was the one recommended by Renaud, with 62%. Ecuador represented, by 26%, the country with the most number of studies. The year 2016 covered the period with the highest rate of investigations, with 23%. Of the documents retrieved, the articles predominated by 50% over another type of academic format. Conclusions: The incidence of Cheiloscopy for the estimation of sex in the population samples reviewed demonstrated significant efficacy, representing a potential tool to be applied in contexts of human identification in Latin American.
