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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2017. Vol. 9, no. 5
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- Juxtacortical mandibular chondrosarcoma during pregnancy : a case report(2017) Cariati, Paolo; Cabello Serrano, Almudena; Monsalve Iglesias, Fernando; Pérez de Perceval, Miguel; Martínez Lara, IdelfonsoChondrosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in adults. It use to affect upper arm, pelvis and thigh bone. A wide surgical extirpation represent the gold standard to treat this disorder. In fact, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are no useful. Interestingly, chondrosarcoma is rare in head and neck (HNCS) and extremely uncommon during pregnancy. Thus, there is a lack of evidence about the proper treatment in these cases. A wide surgical extirpation is also considered the most effective procedure in HNCS. There are no consistent evidences about the he role of radiation and chemotherapy. In view of that, the present study describes a case of juxtacortical mandibular chondrosarcoma affecting a 28-year-old pregnant woman. After a multidisciplinary analysis of the case, we decided to treat the patient with a wide surgical resection and and immediately reconstruction.
- A case report on dental management of a toddler with Pachygyria(2017) Vignesh, Ravindran; Rekha, Vishnu; Annamalai, Sankar; Norouzi Baghkomeh, Parisa; Sharmin, DittoChildren with special health care needs receive less oral care than the normal population, inspite of the high level of dental diseases among them. They are at an increased risk for oral diseases throughout their lifetime. This paper reports a case of a toddler with congenital unusual thick convolutions of the cortex resulting in a condition called pachygyria. Intra oral examination showed multiple abscesses with poor oral hygiene. As the patient was lacking cooperative ability, treatment of full mouth rehabilitation as needed. The parents were advised for regular dental check-ups and informed about maintenance of good oral hygiene. This case report demonstrates the importance of oral hygiene maintenance of special children and also about their short and long term dental treatment protocol for maintaining good oral health.
- Consensus statements and clinical recommendations on treatment indications, surgical procedures, prosthetic protocols and complications following All-On-4 standard treatment. 9th Mozo-Grau Ticare Conference in Quintanilla, Spain(2017) Peñarrocha Diago, Miguel; Peñarrocha Diago, María; Zaragozí Alonso, Regino; Soto-Peñaloza, David; Ticare ImplantsThe present consensus report critically evaluates the scientific evidence based on a comprehensive systematic review of the All-On-4 treatment concept, focusing primarily on the treatment indications, surgical procedures and prosthetic protocols, and secondarily on the mechanical and biological complications involved. A systematic review was made in advance of the meeting. Consensus statements, treatment guidelines and recommendations for future research were based on within-group as well as plenary debates and discussions of the systematic review. The main indication of All-On-4 standard care is an atrophic maxilla or mandible, with or without remnant hopeless tooth. in ASA I or II patients. This surgical-prosthetic protocol seems efficient, safe and effective in the case of Cawood and Howell class IV, V and VI. It is necessary for the implant to have had an insertion torque of over 35 Ncm for immediate loading. The provisional prosthesis should provide rigidity, being non-flexible in order to avoid micro-movements, and should be strong enough to not fracture. Balanced occlusion without interferences is required, ensuring very gentle dynamic movements. The design of the definitive prosthesis must be cleanable and biomechanically adjusted to the implant position and individual characteristics of each patient. A non-concave acrylic base resting over soft tissue is recommended, facilitating hygiene. Regarding occlusion, a group guide should be made, taking into account whether the antagonist is not a removable complete denture. In that case, bi-balanced occlusion should be assessed. Prosthetic complications occur as a result of fractures of the provisional acrylic prostheses. These problems in turn can be resolved by repair through relining or fixing. The most frequent biological complication is the loss of at least one implant, while the second most frequent complication is the development of peri-implantitis and mucositis. In the treatment of atrophy for full-arch implant supported restorations it is considered that four implants suffice for immediate loading and the final prosthesis, even when there is available bone between the mental foramina or maxillary sinuses. The weakness of the quality of the available evidence indicates that further studies are needed, involving an appropriate design and with adequate follow-up in All-On-4 standard care to confirm the present results mainly in relation to survival rates and complications.
- Ability of salivary biomarkers in the prognostic of systemic and buccal inflammation(2017) Gutiérrez Corrales, Aida; Campano Cuevas, Elena; Castillo Dalí, Gabriel; Torres-Lagares, Daniel; Gutiérrez Pérez, José LuisNowadays, there is a growing interest in using saliva as an alternative sample for the diagnosis, prediction and progression of several diseases. It has been established that some molecules found in saliva are related to oral inflammatory processes and systemic health status. Furthermore, it is known that saliva is crucial for the carrying out of different functions in the oral cavity and its role in the local modulation of inflammatory and immune response is being thoroughly studied by the health research community. The aim of this review is to analyze the most important biomarkers which have been utilized in biomedicine during the last two decades in order to establish a correlation between certain specific salivary biomarkers and systemic inflammation. Then, we discuss the utility of total proteins, immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase as biomarkers for the prognostic of local inflammation after oral surgery.
- Analysis of scientific production in spanish implantology(2017) Tarazona Álvarez, Beatriz; Vidal Infer, Antonio Martín; Tarazona Álvarez, Pablo; Alonso Arroyo, AdolfoThe aim of the study was to quantify the scientific productivity of researchers, organizations, and regions in Spain that publish articles on implantology in dental journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports. A search was conducted among the core collection of Thomson Reuters? Web of Science database, on the basis of its broad thematic and geographic coverage of health sciences. The search identified original articles ? the main vehicle for the dissemination of research results. The search was conducted in July 2016, applying the truncated search term ?implant*? to locate original articles on implantology and its derivative forms. The search was conducted within the topic field (title, keywords and abstract) and two inclusion criteria were applied: documents denominated as articles were included; and articles categorized as Web of Science Medicine Dentistry and Oral Surgery. Finally only articles for which one of the participating organizations was located in Spain were selected. The final search identified a total of 774 records. The period 1988 to 2015 saw an exponential growth in scientific production, especially during the last 10 years. Clinical Oral Implants Research and Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal (Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, and Oral Surgery) were the most productive journals. Collaborative networks among authors and among institutions increased and this increase was related to the improving quality of the publications. Bibliometric analysis revealed a significant growth in the quantity and quality of Spanish implantology literature. Most key bibliometric indicators demonstrated upward trends.
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of the photobiomodulation in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity after basic therapy. A randomized clinical trial(2017) García Delaney, Cristina; Abad Sánchez, D.; Arnabat Domínguez, Josep; Valmaseda Castellón, E.; Gay Escoda, CosmeDentin hypersensitivity (DH) in one of the most common causes of patient discomfort in the general population and its prevalence is higher in patients who have received basic or surgical periodontal treatment. Efficiency of the diode laser with different wavelengths has been studied by several authors, showing an improvement rate of the DH between 60-98%. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment on the reduction of DH after non surgical periodontal treatment. A randomized split mouth clinical trial was performed involving 30 patients (120 teeth) diagnosed with DH after scaling and root planning. Two teeth of the experimental side were treated with the laser and 2 teeth of the control side were treated without activating the laser. The laser treatment parameters for each tooth were 660nm, 200mW, CW, illuminated area 1.15cm2, 173mW/cm2, 60 seconds, 12 J, 10.4J/cm2. Age, gender, smoking, plaque index, gingival recession, probing and VAS (for tactile and thermal stimulation) were registered before the laser treatment, immediate post treatment (after 2 minutes), 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months after treatment. There was significant difference (p<0.01) in discomfort to thermal and mechanical stimulation between the control and diode laser treatment sites at all evaluation periods. The level of discomfort decreased immediately following diode laser therapy, and continued to demonstrate a decrease for the duration of the study. All teeth remained vital after laser treatment, without adverse reactions or complications. The PBM can be used to reduce DH without detrimental pulpal effects.
- Relationship between pulp-tooth volume ratios and chronological age in different anterior teeth on CBCT(2017) Biuki, Nima; Razi, Tahmineh; Faramarzie, MasoumehThe CBCT imaging technique exhibits proper accuracy to determine the internal anatomy of teeth. Therefore, this technique can use to estimate age by measuring the amount of decrease in the volume of the pulpal cavity of teeth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between chronological age and pulp-to-tooth volume ratios in anterior teeth with the use of the CBCT technique and to determine a regression model to estimate human age. In this present descriptive-analytical study, 122 subjects (46 males and 76 females), with an age range of 13-70 years, were evaluated. The MIMICS software program was used to determine the pulp-to-tooth volume ratios in 732 anterior teeth. Regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between age and pulp to tooth volume ratios. In all the teeth evaluated, there was an inverse and significant correlation between age and the pulp-to-tooth volume ratios in males and females, with a stronger correlation in males. In addition, such a correlation was stronger in maxillary central incisors and canines. In the model in which the mean of ratios in anterior teeth was used to estimate age the correlation was stronger compared to that in single tooth. In general, the results of the present study showed that it is advisable to use the mean of all the ratios of anterior teeth in forensics to estimate age.
- Vascular labeling of the head and neck vessels : technique, advantages and limitations(2017) Gálvez, Alba; Caraballo, José Leonardo; Manzanares Céspedes, María Cristina; Valdivia Gandur, Ivan; Figueiredo, Rui; Valmaseda Castellón, E.Vascular staining techniques have been used to describe the vascular structures of several anatomic areas. However, few reports have described this procedure in the head and neck region. This paper describes a head and neck vascular labeling procedure, and describes some of the technical complications that may occur. Fifteen specimen cadaver heads were prepared. After drying the vascular system, the internal carotid arteries were ligated and a solution with latex and a gelling agent was injected into the internal carotid arteries and external jugular veins. Two different colors were employed to differentiate arteries from veins. A total of 60ml latex was injected into each blood vessel. Subsequently, the specimens were refrigerated at 5°C for a minimum of 24 hours. Finally, a dissection was performed to identify the venous and arterial systems of the maxillofacial region. In most specimens, correct identification of the vascular structures (lingual artery, pterigoyd plexus, and the major palatal arteries, among others) was possible. However, in three heads a major technical problem occurred (the latex remained liquid), making the dissection unfeasible. Other minor complications such as latex obstruction due to the presence of atheromas were found in two further specimens. The vascular labeling technique is a predictable, effective and simple method for analyzing the vascular system of the maxillofacial area in cadaveric studies, including vessels of reduced diameter or with an intraosseous course. This procedure can be especially useful to teach vascular anatomy to dental students and postgraduate residents.
- Evaluation of the effect of different enamel surface treatments and waiting times on the staining prevention after bleaching(2017) Monteiro, Débora; Moreira, Allyson; Cornacchia, Tulimar; Magalhães, CláudiaBleached dental enamel can be more susceptible to staining than the enamel that has never been bleached, especially right after tooth bleaching. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of surface treatments and waiting time prior to contact with dye on bleached enamel staining susceptibility. One hundred teeth were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, FGM) and randomly assigned to G1 artificial saliva, G2 2% sodium fluoride (Flugel, Nova DFL), G3 casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF, MI Paste Plus, GC America), G4 rinse for color maintenance after bleaching (Keep White Rinse, DMC) and G5 polishing with aluminum oxide-impregnated disks (Super Buff Disk, Shofu). Fifty specimens were immersed in red wine for 15 minutes, immediately after treatment, and the others one hour after. Color difference (?E) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade). Surface treatments and waiting time effects were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (p<0.05). Surface treatments (p>0.05) and waiting time (p>0.05) were not significant to decrease bleached enamel susceptibility to red wine staining. Surface treatments were similar to artificial saliva for bleached enamel susceptibility to red wine staining. Immediate or one-hour-postponed contact with red wine did not affect bleached enamel color.
- Effect of hemostatic agent on marginal gaps of class V giomer restorations(2017) Kimyai, Soodabeh; Pournaghi-Azar, Fatemeh; Mohammadi, Narmin; Babri, MahdiehContamination of dentin with hemostatic agents might exert a deleterious effect on adhesive procedures on dentin. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aluminum chloride hemostatic agent on marginal gaps in Cl V giomer restorations. Fifty sound bovine permanent incisors were selected for the purpose of this in vitro study and Cl V cavities were prepared on their buccal surfaces; the gingival margins of the cavities were placed in dentin. The tooth samples were randomly assigned to two groups (n=25). The samples in groups 1 and 2 underwent a restorative procedure without and with the application of aluminum chloride hemostatic agent in the cavity, respectively, before application of the adhesive. BeautiBond one-step self-etch adhesive and Beautifil II giomer restorative material were used for the restoration of the cavities in both groups. The samples were thermocycled and sectioned, followed by measuring the gap sizes at gingival margins in µm under a stereomicroscope. The marginal gaps were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed significant differences in the mean marginal gaps between the two groups under study (P<0.001); the mean marginal gaps were higher in group 2 (with hemostatic agent) compared to those in group 1 (without hemostatic agent) (P<0.0005). Contamination with aluminum chloride hemostatic agent in giomer restorations gave rise to higher gingival margin gaps.
- Oral health related quality-of-life outcomes of partially edentulous patients treated with implant-supported single crowns or fixed partial dentures(2017) AlZarea, Bader K.Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is afflicted by different variables. Limited information is available regarding the impact of different phases of implant therapy on OHRQoL of edentulous patients. This study was carried out to assess the OHRQoL of patients treated with implant-supported single crowns or fixed partial dentures. A total of 79 healthy partially edentulous subjects needing implant therapy were incorporated in this study. Before placement of the implants, the subjects were instructed to fill the original version of OHIP questionnaire. Subsequently patients received titanium oral implants of the ITI® Dental Implant System. After 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of implant placement, patients filled the same OHIP-49 questionnaire. In this manner the impact of implant therapy on OHRQoL by putting in comparison pre- and post-treatment OHIP-49 scores was assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science software (SPSS, version 22, Chicago, IL, USA). Paired t test and Unpaired t test were performed and a statistical significance was set at 5% level of significance (p<0.05). Functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability were significantly decreased from baseline to 1st year (p<0.05) except handicap (p>0.05). All variables were also significantly decreased from baseline to 2nd year and 3rd year (p<0.05). There were no significant differences dependent on gender with respect to OHIP (p>0.05). Patients aged less than 60 years and more than 60 years of age groups differed significantly with respect to OHIP scores measured at 1st year, 2nd year and at 3rd year of implant placement (p<0.05). Decrease in pre- and post-treatment OHIP scores OHIP demonstrated the significant increase in the OHRQoL after the therapy, which suggested increased levels of patient satisfaction.
- Longitudinal effects of rapid maxillary expansion on masticatory muscles activity(2017) Di Palma, Elena; Tepedino, Michele; Chimenti, Claudio; Tartaglia, Gianluca M.; Sforza, ChiarellaTo investigate the modifications induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the anterior temporal and superficial masseter muscles, in patients without pre-treatment EMG alterations. Twenty-one patients with unilateral posterior cross-bite selected from the orthodontic department of the University of L?Aquila (Italy), were enrolled. There was no control group in this study since each subject acted as a control of her/himself. Two surface EMG recordings were taken: T0 (before RME) and at T1 (3 month after the end of expansion). To verify the neuromuscular equilibrium, the EMG activities of both right and left masseter and anterior temporal muscles were recorded during a test of maximum clench. EMG indexes were compared by paired Student?s t-test. In both occasions, all indices showed a good symmetry between the right and left side masticatory muscles. No statistically significant differences were found between the two recordings. In children without pre-treatment EMG alterations, no variations in standardized muscular activity after RME were found. The treatment did not alter the equilibrium of the masseter and temporal muscles.
- Cambra system in patients awaiting hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant and high caries risk(2017) Hernández Fernández, Ana; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; de Arriba de la Fuente, Felipe; Vicente García, Vicente; Iniesta, Pastora; Oñate Sánchez, Ricardo ElíasRecent times have witnessed a significant increase in the number of patients affected by problems related to oncological treatment Aims of this study is to evaluate dental affectation among patients awaiting hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT), and they showed high caries risk, so it should establish a protocol prior to transplantation. The study included 72 patients due for HPCT. Clinical and radiological explorations were performed and oral photos taken. The amount of caries, missing teeth and fillings were registered for each patient. CAO, DMFS and Restoration Indices were calculated. 83% of patients presented caries. 48 patients (67%) had lost at least one tooth. Only 32 patients (44%) had received some sort of conservative treatment. The average CAO index value obtained was 10.37. The DMFS index showed an average of 27.06 affected surfaces. Of the 72 patients studied, 40 (56%) showed a restoration index value of zero. These patients presented a high number of carious teeth and a low restoration index. The presence of so many possible septic foci in an individual, who will later become susceptible to infection, highlights the importance of preventative treatment and bucco-dental restoration within this patient population. These patients with a high caries risk can be treated with CAMBRA system.
- Anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effect of Papain, Bromelain, Miswak and Neem containing dentifrice : a randomized controlled trial(2017) Tadikonda, Abhinav; Pentapati, Kalyana-Chakravarty; Urala, Arun-Sreenivas; Acharya, ShashidharPatients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy may have difficulty in maintaining a good oral hygiene due to the difficulty posed by the appliances in accessing such areas. This study aimed to compare anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy of dentifrice containing Papain, Bromelain, Miswak and Neem with a standard dentifrice among patient?s undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Single center, single blind, parallel arm, randomized controlled clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 was conducted. Evaluation of plaque and gingivitis was done using Williams modification of Silness and Loe Plaque Index (PI) for use in orthodontic subjects and Loe and Silness?s Gingival Index (GI) at baseline and one month. Inter-group comparison showed there was significantly lower mean plaque index in test (0.88 ±0.05) than in control group (1.17 ±0.05) after adjusting for the baseline plaque index (p<0.001). Similarly, there was significantly lower mean gingival index in test (0.87 ±0.04) than in control group (1.14 ±0.04) after adjusting for the baseline gingival index (p<0.001). The efficacy of the test dentifrice in limiting plaque and gingivitis suggests that it can be used as a home based adjunct to clinical therapy in orthodontic patients.
- Decreased dentin tubules density and reduced thickness of peritubular dentin in hyperbilirubinemia-related green teeth(2017) Neves-Silva, Rodrigo; Alves, Fabio A.; Antunes, Alberto; Goes, Mario Fernando; Giannini, Marcelo; Tenório, Maria-Dânia; Machado, José Lécio; Paes Leme, Adriana Franco; Lopes, Márcio Ajudarte; Santos Silva, Alan RogerIt is stated anecdotally that patients with liver diseases in childhood who develop green teeth have increased risk for rampant caries, which may be secondary to changes in dental structure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperbilirubinemia affects the dentin morphology of green teeth. Sixteen primary teeth were prepared and divided into two groups (green teeth, n = 8 and control, n = 8), which were transversely fractured across the cervical third of the dental crowns; dentin was prepared and sputter-coated with gold, and examined under a scanning electron microscope. The mean density and mean diameter of dentin tubules, as well as the thickness of peritubular dentin, were compared. Hyperbilirubinemia was associated with a decrease in the density of the dentin tubules (p< .01) and the thickness of peritubular dentin of green teeth (p< .01). There was a correlation between childhood hyperbilirubinemia and changes in the dentin morphology, including a decrease in the density of the dentin tubules and a reduction in the thickness of peritubular dentin in green teeth.
- The effects of three remineralizing agents on regression of white spot lesions in children : a two-week, single-blind, randomized clinical trial(2017) Ebrahimi, Masoumeh; Mehrabkhani, Maryam; Ahrari, Farzaneh; Parisay, Iman; Jahantigh, MalihehThis study investigated the effect of three remineralizing agents on improving white spot lesions (WSLs). This clinical trial included children who had at least one WSL on anterior teeth of upper or lower jaws. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups by treatment: 1) a cream containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (MI Paste Plus); 2) a cream containing hydroxyapatite and fluoride (Remin Pro); 3) a 2% sodium fluoride gel; and 4) usual home care (control). The treatment was performed for 3 times over 10 days using special trays for retaining remineralizing agents. The area and mineral content of WSLs were measured at baseline (T1) and 1 day after finishing treatment (T2). Blinding was applied for outcome assessment. Eighty patients were assigned to MI Paste Plus, Remin Pro, NaF or control groups. The application of all remineralizing agents caused a significant decrease in area and a significant increase in mineral content of WSLs (p<0.05), whereas the control patients did not experience any significant alteration (p>0.05). At T2, the area of WSLs was significantly lower in three experimental groups compared to the control group (p=0.023), but between-group difference in mineral content of WSLs failed to achieve statistical significance (p=0.08). The in-office application of either MI Paste Plus or Remin Pro was as effective as 2% NaF for reducing area and increasing mineral content of WSLs. MI Paste Plus and Remin Pro could be recommended as suitable alternatives to NaF for managing WSLs.
- Tensile strength and impact strength of color modified acrylic resin reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles(2017) Ghahremani, Loghman; Shirkavand, Saeed; Akbari, Faezeh; Sabzikari, NiloofarPoor mechanical properties are among the main limitations of acrylic resins. Addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to acrylic resin has been shown to improve its mechanical properties with an adverse effect on its color. Thus, this study sought to assess the tensile and impact strength of a color modified heat cure acrylic resin reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles. In this in vitroexperimental study, 1wt% TiO2 nanoparticles were added to SR Triplex Hot heat-cure acrylic resin powder and mixed. Pigments and color fibers were also added and 18 samples were fabricated of this paste for tensile and impact strength testing (n=9) according to ISO5271. Eighteen control samples were also fabricated from the acrylic powder without any modification. Independent t-test was used for data analysis (P< 0.05). The mean tensile strength of the reinforced group was found to be significantly higher (difference of 11 MPa) than that of the control group (P=0.001). The mean impact strength of the reinforced group was 7 MPa higher than that of the control group and this difference was statistically significant as well (P=0.001). The color modified acrylic resin reinforced with 1wt% TiO2 showed significantly higher tensile and impact strength compared to the conventional acrylic resin. Thus, TiO2 nanoparticles may be incorporated into color-modified acrylic resin powder to enhance its tensile and impact strength, given that they have no adverse effect on other properties.
- Oral hygiene and periodontal health status among khat chewers. A case-control study(2017) Al-Maweri, Sadeq A.; AlAkhali, MohammedHabitual khat chewing is a widespread male habit in Southern Arabia and East Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Khat chewing on oral hygiene and periodontal health status among Yemeni male khat chewers. This case- control study included 310 khat chewers, aged 20-65 years, and 72 age- and gender- matched non-chewers as controls. Periodontal examination included recording of dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and gingival recession (GR). Demographic data, oral hygiene practices, and duration, frequency and site of khat chewing were obtained using questionnaires. SPSS was used for data analysis. ANOVA and t- tests were used to compare groups. Khat chewers had significantly higher mean PI, AL, GR scores than non-chewers (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the GI and PPD mean scores were observed between both groups (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the results showed that the chewing side had less PI, GI and PPD than non-chewing side. However, gingival recession was significantly higher in the chewing side. The duration of chewing showed a significant effect on PI, PPD, AL, and GR but had no effect on the gingival condition. Likewise, the frequency of chewing showed a significant effect on PPD, AL, and GR, but had no effect on other indices (PI and GI). The results of this study indicate that khat chewing have a detrimental effect on the periodontium.
- Effect of smear clear and some other commonly used irrigants on dislodgement resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate to root dentin(2017) Sadegh, Mona; Sohrabi, Hasti; Kharazifard, Mohamadjavad; Afkhami, FarzanehThis study aimed to assess the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root canal dentin after irrigation with Smear Clear in comparison with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and saline as commonly used root canal irrigants. The coronal and mid-root areas of maxillary anterior teeth were horizontally sectioned into one-millimeter thick slices. The root canal lumen of dentinal slices was dilated using a diamond bur with 1.3 mm diameter. After the application of MTA, the samples were incubated in 100% humidity for 10 minutes and were then randomly divided into four groups (n=20) and immersed in Smear Clear, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and saline for 30 minutes. No irrigant was used for the control group (n=20). A wet cotton pellet was placed on the samples and after 48 hours of incubation, push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The samples were evaluated under a stereomicroscope to determine the mode of failure. One-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical differences among the groups. The control group showed the highest bond strength with significant differences with other groups (P<0.05). Among the experimental groups, the saline group had no significant difference with CHX (P=0.09) but it had significant differences with Smear Clear and NaOCl groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in bond strength to MTA was noted after irrigation with Smear Clear, CHX and NaOCl (P>0.05). Other pairwise comparisons showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Irrigation with Smear Clear, CHX and NaOCl did not cause a significant change in bond strength of MTA to dentin.
- Evaluation of surface roughness of enamel after various bonding and clean-up procedures on enamel bonded with three different bonding agents : an in-vitro study(2017) Goel, Amit; Singh, Atul; Gupta, Tarun; Gambhir, Ramandeep SinghThe purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the enamel surface roughness before bonding and after debonding, to find correlation between the adhesive remnant index and its effect on enamel surface roughness and to evaluate which clean-up method is most efficient to provide a smoother enamel surface. 135 premolars were divided into 3 groups containing 45 premolars in each group. Group I was bonded by using moisture insensitive primer, Group II by using conventional orthodontic adhesive and Group III by using self-etching primer. Each group was divided into 3 sub-groups on the basis of type of clean-up method applied i,e scaling followed by polishing, tungsten carbide bur and Sof-Lex disc. Enamel surface roughness was measured and compared before bonding and after clean-up. Evaluation of pre bonding and post clean-up enamel surface roughness (Ra value) with the t test showed that Post clean-up Ra values were greater than Pre bonding Ra values in all the groups except in teeth bonded with self-etching primer cleaned with Sof-Lex disc. Reliability of ARI score taken at different time interval tested with Kruskal Wallis test suggested that all the readings were reliable. No clean-up procedure was able to restore the enamel to its original smoothness. Self-etching primer and Sof-Lex disc clean-up method combination restored the enamel surface roughness (Ra value) closest to its pre-treatment value.
