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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2019. No. 13
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- El primer ciclo de exhumaciones y homenajes a fusilados republicanos en Navarra(2019) Aguilar Fernández, PalomaDuring the Spanish Civil War and postwar period, tens of thousands of supporters of the Second Republic were shot and thrown into common graves, whereas their friends and relatives were not allowed to pay them tribute or carry out a proper burial. After Franco?s death, and despite the killings having happened a long time ago, the desire to dig up those relatives? remains, perform a proper funeral service, and bury them in a cemetery had not changed. It could even be said that the chances opened up once democracy was reestablished heightened such wish. In many towns and villages republican?s relatives managed to find out where the illegal graves were, to hold massively attended funeral services, and to move their kin?s remains to cemeteries, but no Spanish province witnessed a process of moving and reburial as organized and efficient as Navarra?s. Our aim here is to explain why this was so, taking into account both the factors which favored the coordination of such bold initiatives, and also the many obstacles found by their organizers.
- Todo proceso creativo no es más que una pregunta."Nosotras, territorio que habla" : madres ante la impunidad y los crímenes de estado en Colombia(2019) Langa Martinez, Laura; Arango Prada, Ariel?We. Territory that speaks" is the creative materialization of the necessity to denounce, to tell what happened, to reflect from the voice of three mothers: Luz Marina Bernal, María Ubilerma Sanabria and Lucero Carmona, whose children were executed by the Colombian Army between 2007 and 2008. In this book, they share their experiences over so many years out of unjustness. The narration of such a rough chapter on the history of violence of a country, we tell it through this women personal files, their need to know and to demand justice, the investigation, the denunciation, the political positioning and, as to end, a common analysis. Through this text, we want to share how this experience is being, from the political-body of these three mothers whose narratives investigate and wonder about violence and impunity. We propose three epigraphs that attempt to offer some answers to (1) how the decision was made to write a book together; (2) how this process is going and (3) why we do what we do or why we relate differently.
- (Des)habitar : la inscripción espacial de la desaparición forzada en la casa(2019) Colombo, PamelaAunque la desaparición forzada de personas suele asociarse con lugares extraños, lejanos e incluso irrepresentables, en Argentina -durante la dictadura militar (1976-1983)- los secuestros se sucedieron, en su gran mayoría, en las mismas casas donde vivían los desaparecidos. En este artículo se explorará cómo se reconfiguraron las dinámicas espacio-temporales del espacio de la casa luego del secuestro. El artículo aborda en un primer lugar las diferentes marcas de violencia que se imprimen sobre el espacio de la casa a partir del momento del secuestro. En la segunda parte, se propone el concepto de (des)habitar para explorar los modos en que se reconfiguró la ocupación del hogar luego del secuestro. En la tercera parte, se trabaja sobre las diferentes capas temporales que atraviesan la casa. En último lugar, se analizan las razones por las cuales incluso antes de que se sucediera el secuestro, las casas donde vivían militantes estaban ya fuera del orden previsto, al acoger en su interior familias ?heterogéneas?, espacios ?travestidos? y objetos prohibidos.
- ¿La memoria en su sitio? El museo de la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada(2019) González de Oleaga, Marisa NoemíWhat should be done with a site where state terrorism was once waged? In the past few decades, many have been transformed into places of remembrance where the traumatic events that affected the whole community can be addressed. During Argentina?s last dictatorship (1976-1983), state terrorism forged a new figure, that of the ?detained-disappeared,? and the country?s detention, torture and extermination centres were the last places where these people were seen alive. That materiality, and the resignification of such sites as symbolic, is what make these locations transcendental. Perhaps, then, the question is not what needs to be represented at these sites, but what needs to be represented there that could not be represented in the same way anyplace else. The absence of those who are no longer among us and the absence of a state that laid siege to vast sectors of the population. A meeting point for past and present. How should places of this sort be viewed? How can they be protected in order to maintain them as documents of a period while also avoiding their natural status as monuments? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this work, which focuses on the most emblematic detention centre in Argentina: the ESMA Museum.
- Lugares y políticas de la memoria. Notas teórico-metodológicas a partir de la experiencia argentina(2019) Messina, LucianaEl presente artículo reflexiona sobre algunos aspectos sustantivos que hacen al abordaje de la relación entre memorias, políticas y lugares en el campo de los estudios sobre memoria social. El objetivo que lo orienta es avanzar en la construcción de un marco teórico-conceptual para el análisis de las distintas estrategias de espacialización de la memoria social relativa a actores y acontecimientos de pasados de violencia estatal y represión política, con foco en el caso argentino. Para ello, se ha revisado críticamente bibliografía de diferente índole que haya trabajado sobre la temática a fin de distinguir los conceptos y las dimensiones analíticas que resultan relevantes en la construcción de objetos de investigación (material, simbólica, pedagógica, política, pública). Asimismo, el escrito recupera y analiza las tensiones, los debates y las controversias que emergen en la hechura de los espacios de memoria y propone vías de entrada para su análisis.
- Representar la historia. Notas sobre la imagen del bombardeo al Palacio de la Moneda y sus usos simbólicos(2019) Arrieta Gutiérrez, Paula AlejandraA partir de la revisión crítica de la obra 11 de septiembre de 2013 del artista visual chileno Alfredo Jaar, el presente artículo propone un recorrido por diferentes formas de representación del bombardeo al Palacio de La Moneda, Casa de Gobierno y símbolo del poder político en Chile, que tuvo lugar el día 11 de septiembre de 1973 y marcó el inicio de la dictadura cívico-militar que se extendió hasta 1990. A través de la idea de la doble supresión de la historia de Rancière, las tesis sobre la historia de Benjamin y de otras obras de artistas contemporáneos, se indaga en las posibilidades éticas, políticas y estratégicas que tiene el arte contemporáneo de abordar los temas de la memoria, la historia y su fractura, de encontrar un lenguaje que evite el vaciamiento de los acontecimientos traumáticos de una sociedad, particularmente para allanar un espacio en el cual el pasado se vuelva dinámico, se desestabilice y se active en el presente.
- Cartografiar las marcas : intervenciones, disputas y transgresiones en el Espacio para la Memoria ex-ESMA(2019) Larralde Armas, FlorenciaIn this article we analyze the processes by which the different social actors that manage the Space for Memory (ex ESMA) installed the first visual devices inside and at the surroundings of the site in its turning into a memory site. These interventions are analyzed as ways in which the territorial marks are interwoven with the applications of the place, understanding these practices as they shape the disputes over the uses of the site and its material appropriation. Through the analysis of these practices it is possible to understand how the place is semantized, what is intended to communicate through them, what organisms manage them and what institutional dynamics are activated at the site for their realization, while their study gives us some guidelines of how the power is distributed spatially within the premises, since, from a territorial perspective, the placement of symbols shows the spatial organization of the site, its conflicts, overlappings and disputes. Among the symbols addressed are the first informative billboards, murals, sténcils, exhibitions, monuments and disruptive architectures that are installed as true memory mediation devices.
- Topografías de la memoria : de usos y costumbres en los espacios de violencia en el nuevo milenio(2019) González de Oleaga, Marisa Noemí; Meloni González, CarolinaIntroducción al monográfico: ?Memoria?, ?memoria histórica?, ?memoria colectiva?, ?memorias traumáticas? son conceptos que se han instalado en el mundo académico en las últimas décadas y que han generado enconados debates sobre su pertinencia como registro válido de lo acontecido. Pero este furor memorialístico no ha afectado solo a las disciplinas académicas que se ocupan de la mente o del pasado, también ha recalado en el espacio político. Casi todos los gobiernos, al menos en el mundo occidental, tienen en sus agendas actividades relacionadas con la memoria. Las llamadas leyes de la memoria son solo un ejemplo de esta preocupación y la señalización de lugares de memoria, uno de los puntos más destacados a los que tienden estas políticas.
- 'Intimidades fugaces. Cómo encontrar el amor en un cuarto oscuro', de Israel Roncero(2019) Pascua Canelo, Marta
- Topografías imaginarias y materialidades sucedáneas : la memoria de Bleiburg en la diáspora croata en Argentina después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial(2019) Zidek, NikolinaEl trabajo explora las herramientas de la memoria de la matanza del derrotado ejército y los simpatizantes (civiles) del Estado Independiente Croata (NDH), régimen títere nazi, en Bleiburg, Austria, en 1945 en la diáspora croata en Argentina. Se trata de un caso específico, diaspórico, donde el lugar de los hechos se encuentra a miles de kilómetros de distancia. De ahí surge la pregunta: ¿de qué vehículos o instrumentos materiales se sirvió la diáspora croata para mantener la memoria de Bleiburg? A tal fin se hace el análisis de material escrito, fotográfico y audiovisual, así como testimonios personales recogidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones informales. Después de historizar la memoria de Bleiburg en Argentina, se identifican marcas y huellas materiales en el contexto específico de la memoria en exilio permanente y sus vehículos de sustento. Los resultados muestran que, a falta de materialidades, la memoria depende de un relato homogéneo, aunque no escrito en piedra, y de su transmisión dentro de una comunidad endogámica que, con el cambio de las generaciones, tiene la necesidad de recurrir a las marcas locales donde se estableció y a las nuevas realidades virtuales.
- El lado oscuro de la nación. ¿Se puede descolonizar la identidad española?(2019) Hernández, Roberto GilThe Spanish identity not only implies the definition of what We are, but also of what We lack, the part obviated by its authoritative narratives recurrently. The purpose of this deliberate totalization exercise has always been the same: to reproduce the hegemony of its ruling elites. This has happened since the beginning of the Atlantic expansion of the Spanish colonial empire, during the pioneer articulation of the country according to the liberal program, with its first great crisis and nationalist resurrection, and also at the present moment of neoliberal democratic normalization. In this article, I will try to verify the existence of this exclusion around these four waves of identity construction in the last six centuries, explaining the need to analyze this process through the criticism established by the Decolonial Thought, Post-structuralist Theories and Lacanian Psychoanalysis.
- El ex centro clandestino de detención Servicio de Informaciones como lugar de memoria en la ciudad argentina de Rosario : memoria(s) disputada(s) e institucionalización/normalización de las memorias(2019) Cinto, AgustinaThe ex-Information Service of Santa Fe's state police department (SI) functioned as a clandestine detention centre (CDC) between 1976 and 1979 in Rosario city, Santa Fe province, Argentina. It is estimated that in this place had been kidnapped and imprisoned the most important number of people in the region. In 2002, the ex CDC began to be managed by different local human rights organisms, through a commodatum conceded by the provincial government. After its due date in 2012 and a series of architectural interventions, the ex SI was inaugurated as a Space of Memory in 2015. Having as a starting point the anthropological field work that we are developing since 2015 ?including participating observations, interviews and official and press documents?, in this paper we are interested in analyse the different historical events that the ex CDC has been going through, in terms of institutionalization and normalization, as well as its constitution as a place of memory and some of the memorial disputes that has been built around it. Finally, we present a series of reflections in consideration of the actual situation of the ex SI.
- Humanidades, un lugar contra el olvido. Etnografía sobre la tradición de las marcas de memoria y la revolución de palabras en La Plata-Argentina(2019) Silva Catela, Ludmila daIn this text I am interested in analyzing the genesis of a singular memory process generated by and in the Faculty of Humanities of the National University of La Plata. I will focus on the installation of a plaque with the names of disappeared in the Faculty of Humanities of La Plata and its derivations in the change of the university institution to a site where the former Clandestine Detention Center BIM 3 had worked, to finally stop me in the struggle for a wall where political positions and memory conflicts were resolved and resolved from three murals. These small acts that produce and resignify a place of peculiar memory, allow to denaturalize the idea of memory sites as institutions generated from policies crystallized in certain institutions, since the very notion was and is an unstable construction, where they are produced conquests and litigations are resolved, where one struggles in a political field crossed by bureaucratic decisions, but also by feelings and collective affections.
- 'Historia de lo fantástico en la cultura española contemporánea', de David Roas (ed.)(2019) Lobos Martínez, Macarena Paz
- 'En el torbellino. Unamuno en la guerra civil', de Colette Rabaté y Jean-Claude Rabaté(2019) Sánchez de las Cuevas, Lidia
- 'Crítica de la razón precaria. La vida intelectual ante la obligación de lo extraordinario', de Javier López Alós(2019) Del Rio Alcala, Berta
- Fenomenología de un necrolugar. Huella, memoria y trauma en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina)(2019) Meloni González, CarolinaThe present paper addresses the system of terror usad by the Argentinian military during de last dictatorship from a very specific point of view: the cosntruct of place. We analyze the modifications, operations and spatial changes produced by a dictatorship in the spatial environment of the people who suffered that regime and who were subjected to extreme violence. In this regard, we propose the concept of necroplace for the sites of planned murder that played a part in a specific genocidal system. On the basis of this concept we ask what effects these places continue to expert on the collective memory. Finally, we present a collection of photograpgs of different clandestine detention torture and extermination centres in the province of Tucuman. I the light this potos, we explore the memory traces these places of violence contain, traces that necessarily project themselves towards our present.
- El Valle de los Caídos como estrategia pétrea para la pervivencia del franquismo(2019) Solé i Barjau, Queralt; López Soler, XaviThis article sets out to analyse the Valley of the Fallen through consideration of the different monumentalizing strategies employed to ensure its continued effectiveness as a symbol of Francoism, and to highlight the regime?s influence by placing it at the same level as the many references to the Spanish monarchy present in the Sierra de Guadarrama. Apart from its physical dimensions, attention will be drawn to the importance of its spatial and geographical location, as well as the significance and consequences of the burial there not only of the dictator but also of tens of thousands of Civil War dead and the impact this has had on subsequent attempts to deal with this monumental legacy. The article ends by discussing the most recent actions taken to try to achieve the exhumation of Franco, reflecting on the range of responses and their significance in the present.
- Intertextos parateatrales en el cine de Pedro Almodóvar(2019) Torre Espinosa, Mario de laThe filmography of Pedro Almodóvar has been considered as a paradigm of theatricality in cinema. Indeed, a huge amount of bibliography has been generated from this point of view. This is because, among other reasons, the presence of theatrical intertexts, but also the paratheatrical ones, understood as certain performative forms that assume some principles of the stage representation such as the existence of at least one actor and one spectator. In this article are identified different paratheatrical intertexts belonging to the bullfighting scene, the catholic liturgy, the plastic arts used as scenography, the metacinematographic elements and the fashion world. Can be seen how throughout the Almodovar?s films there is a strong presence of paratheatrical intertexts, significantly contributing to the theatrum mundi vision of his cinema, linked to a postmodern aesthetic because, among other issues, the importance of the artifice nature of his movies.
