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Language Revista Española de Drogodependencias. Vol. 46, no. 2
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- Dependencia a los relajantes musculares- Tizanidina: reporte de un caso:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Suelt, María José; Esteban Arcila, JuanAround the world there is an increasing abuse of different substances, including daily use medicines. Tizanidine is a derivative of imidazoline and is part of the family of muscle relaxants. It is used to reduce muscle tone associated with spasticity caused by brain or spinal cord injuries. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman with a clinical history of four years of evolution of consumption in a pattern of dependency and addiction of this medicine for anxiolytic purposes. In the scientific literature there are no reports on abusive consumption and dependence on this drug, however, there is a risk factor because of its sedative effects. This risk should be considered in disorders due to abuse of other substances.
- Motivos de juego, predictores del juego problemático y diferencias con el consumo problemático de alcohol:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Esparza Reig, Javier; González Sala, Francisco; Martí Vilar, ManuelDespite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs.
- Gambling motives, problem gambling predictors and differences from problematic alcohol use:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Esparza, José Javier; González Sala, Francisco; Martí Vilar, ManuelDespite the seriousness of problem gambling, its relationship with many factors has not yet been studied. This investigation sought, on the one hand, to verify the predictability of improvement over problem gambling, with irresponsible gambling being a mediator in this relationship. In addition, we sought to analyze whether predictors of problem gambling are related to problematic alcohol use. The sample consisted of 258 adults (59.5% women) with an average age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). Questionnaires were applied to measure gambling addiction, alcohol addiction, reasons for gambling, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, and susceptibility to framing; and correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model were analyzed. Results indicated on the one hand that 32.45% of variance in problem gambling is explained by reasons for gambling, with the maximum amount of money bet mediating this relation. On the other hand, an integrative model that explains 16.8% of problem gambling does not work for alcohol addiction. The results provide a new explanatory model of problem gambling and emphasize the need for interventions in problem gambling to be developed in accordance with the special characteristics of this addiction. These findings are relevant in the field of health psychology for their potential contribution to prevention and intervention programs.
- Actitudes hacia el consumo, búsqueda de sensaciones y consumo de alcohol. Modelo de mediación parcial en adolescentes ecuatorianos:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Moreta Herrera, Rodrigo; Mayorga Lascano, Marlon; Reyes, Carlos; Durán Rodríguez, TeresaObjetivo: Determinar el efecto de mediación de la búsqueda de sensaciones en la relación entre actitudes al consumo y el consumo de alcohol en una muestra de adolescentes del Ecuador. Método: Estudio descriptivo predictor y de mediación con el uso de la Escala de Actitudes al consumo, el Cuestionario Breve de Búsqueda de Sensaciones y la Prueba de Identificación de Trastornos Relacionados con el Consumo de Alcohol. Participantes: 913 adolescentes (55,2% hombres) de entre 11 a 19 años (X=? 14,7 años; s= 1,7), estudiantes de 6 centros educativos (61,3% públicos) de las ciudades de Ambato, Latacunga y Pelileo de Ecuador. Resultados: La Búsqueda de sensaciones (ab= .025; p< ,001; IC95% [.013 - .040]) presenta un efecto de mediación parcial (c= .251; p< ,001 [c?= .226; p< ,001]) en la relación entre las Actitudes al consumo y el Consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones: Las variables intervinientes Búsqueda de sensaciones resultan relevantes a la hora de considerar la relación entre Actitudes al consumo y Consumo de alcohol.
- Evidencia científica sobre productos de tabaco calentado. Una revisión narrativa:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Rodríguez González Moro, José Miguel; Ortega, Patricia; Bover Freire, Ramón; Grande Pulido, Enrique; Romero, María Luisa; Barrios Alonso, VivencioGiven the impact of smoking on individuals and National Healthcare Systems, it has become necessary for the continuous evaluation of tobacco products, especially when they are claimed or perceived as being less harmful than conventional cigarettes (CCs), and coexisting conflict of interests. The objective of the present manuscript was to perform a complete and updated narrative review of scientific literature on the assessment of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) and the biological and clinical impact from the newest available heatedtobacco products (HTPs), in comparison with CCs. A total of 52 studies (46 from the review and 6 manually found) were finally analyzed. Despite some existing differences among the studies, most of them point to a reduction of the emissions of HPHCs as well as exposure to toxicants, and thus in the biological and clinical impact with HTPs when compared with CCs. In the scenario where individuals decide to continue smoking, HTPs seem to be a better option than CCs. Further prospective, independent studies should replicate the existing experiments in order to corroborate the conclusions raised in the original studies. Moreover, long-term investigations (decades) are also needed to obtain more compelling safety information of HTPs.
- Scientific evidence on heated-tobacco products. A narrative review:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Rodríguez González Moro, José Miguel; Ortega Muñoz, Patricia; Bover Freire, Ramón; Grande Pulido, Enrique; Romero, María Luisa; Barrios Alonso, VivencioDado el impacto del tabaquismo en las personas y en los Sistemas Nacionales de Salud, se ha vuelto una necesidad la evaluación continua de los nuevos productos de tabaco, especialmente cuando se afirma o se percibe que son menos dañinos que los cigarrillos convencionales (CC). El objetivo del presente manuscrito es presentar una revisión narrativa completa y actualizada de la literatura científica sobre la evaluación de los componentes dañinos y potencialmente dañinos (HPHC) y el impacto biológico y clínico de los productos de tabaco calentado (PTC), más novedosos, en comparación con los CC. Se analizaron un total de 52 estudios (46 de la revisión y 6 encontrados manualmente). A pesar de algunas diferencias existentes entre los estudios, la mayoría de ellos apuntan a una reducción de las emisiones de HPHC, así como a la exposición a sustancias tóxicas y, por lo tanto, en el impacto biológico y clínico con los PTC en comparación con los CC. En un posible escenario de personas que deciden seguir fumando, los PTC parecen ser una mejor opción que los CC. Estudios independientes prospectivos deberían replicar los experimentos existentes para corroborar las conclusiones planteadas en los estudios originales aquí presentados. De la misma manera, investigaciones a largo plazo (décadas) son necesarias para obtener información más completa sobre la seguridad de los PTC.
- Afrontamiento psicológico ante la COVID-19 en personas con uso problemático de drogas o adicciones:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Reinaldo Fabelo Roche, JustoDuring the critical situation generated by the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, in the scientifictechnological service of Specialized Consultancy in Addictions of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana it was necessary to implement a change in the therapeutic modality in an unexpected way. To carry out preventive and assistance actions, aimed at members of the university community with drug abuse or other addictive behaviors, the resources of telepsychology were introduced. This has led to the majority of the patients who have been cared for having evolved positively; They will be able to develop skills for adequate psychological coping with adverse situations; and avoid demoralizing setbacks and relapses. Initial evidence, generated in healthcare practice, showed that 78.3% of the participants developed personal strengths that have helped them empower themselves to maintain abstinence or controlled consumption during preventive quarantine. However, difficulties were revealed to face specific events and situations that exceed their personal resources; exacerbation of myths related to drugs and addictive activities in general; and lack of emotional control associated with irrational tendencies. The results obtained have been essential to promote the rehabilitation of these people from a corrective and preventive perspective.
- Adicción al sexo:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2021) Orozco Calderón, GabrielaSexual addiction (SA) formally called compulsive sexual behavior or hypersexuality disorder, is a condition in which exacerbated and inappropriate sexual behaviors and cognitions occur that generate discomfort and impairment in the function of one or more domains of life; with failure to control such behavior. SA results in psychosocial, financial and family deterioration, in addition to medical impairment such as injuries to sexual organs and the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Neuroscientific evidence describes similarities between sex addicts and substance addicts. Demonstrating anatomical-functional and neuropsychological deterioration in the brain pathways involved in the processes of reward, motivation, affect, inhibition and cognition. This condition is not always seen as a disease, so individuals who suffer from it do not always receive adequate treatment, hence the importance of disseminating information in communities dedicated to health care.
