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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2019. Vol. 11, no. 4
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- Comparison of the shear bond strength of 3D printed temporary bridges materials, on different types of resin cements and surface treatment(2019) Holmer, Lorenz; Othman, Ahmed; Lührs, Anne-Katrin; See, Constantin vonThus, purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of the resin cement and the resin modified glass ionomer cement on 3D printed temporary material for crowns and bridges in combination with different surface treatment modalities. Test specimens VarseoSmile Temp material (Bego, Bremen, Germany) (n=64) in the form of rectangular blocks (n=32) and cylindrical test specimens (n=32) were printed using the Varseo S 3D printer (Bego, Bremen, Germany). The specimens were divided into 4 groups, with 8 specimens of each kind. Two groups (n=16 pairs) were blasted with Perlablast® Micro [PM] 50µm (Bego, Bremen, Germany) and two groups (n=16 pairs) were blasted with alumina [AL] 50µm. The cylindric specimen were cemented on the rectangular block with a load of 20N using a Zwick/Roell machine (Ulm, Germany), to ensure a comparable cementing process. One group (n=8) of each pre-treatment was cemented with Fuji Cem 2 [Fuji+AL & Fuji+PM] and one of each with Variolink® Esthetic [Vario+AL & Vario+PM]. The Fuji Cem 2 was chemically cured while dual curing Variolink® Esthetic was additionally light cured using LED (Bluephase II, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwagen, Germany; light intensity, >1,000 mW/cm2, high power modus). The shear strength was performed with Zwick/Roell universal test machine (speed, 0.8 mm/min), fracture and statistical analysis was performed (T-test, p<0.05). T-test showed a significant difference Fuji Cem 2 (Fuji+AL & Fuji&PM) and Variolink® Esthetic (Vario+AL &Vario+PM) (p=0.000). Fuji+AL & Fuji+PM showed a significant difference for surface pre-treatment (p=0.002). Vario+AL & Vario+PM no significance (p=0.872) for pre-treatment method was detectable. Variolink® Esthetic showed a higher bond strength compared to Fuji Cem 2 and an increasing bond strength for Fuji Cem 2 with alumina pre-treatment. There was no significant difference for Vario+AL and Vario+PM.
- Oral health knowledge in pre-school children : a survey among parents in central Italy(2019) Calcagnile, Francesca; Pietrunti, Daniela; Pranno, Nicola; Di Giorgio, Gianni; Ottolenghi, Livia; Vozza, IoleThe aim of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of parents about potential oral health risk factors and correct management of oral hygiene of their preschool children. The participation to the survey was proposed to all parents of 3-5 year aged children attending a kindergarten in Campobasso. A self-administered questionnaire was completed to obtain information regarding demographic and education variables, knowledge about caries and its transmission, infant feeding practice, maternal oral health during pregnancy, parents and children?s oral hygiene habits and risk behaviors (e.g., sharing cutlery, tasting of baby food, nightly using of baby bottles or pacifier), oral health prevention and role of school. Overall, the parents of 101 children consented to fill the questionnaire. Data analysis showed that only 24% of respondents was aware of the potential vertical transmissibility of cariogenic bacteria through contaminated saliva. It is still a common trend from 61% of parents tasting food of their child. On 101 children, 30% used pacifier and 17% used baby bottle with milk during night and among these children 41% for more than 2 years. Parents reported no toothbrushing for 57% of the children in their first 3 years of life. From this survey, independently on parents education, it emerges as still nowadays parents are not fully trained and informed about the management of their child?s oral hygiene and as it?s necessary a parental oral health promoting program to control children oral health risk status, starting from school.
- Detection of Type VII collagen in odontogenic keratocyst : an immunohistochemical study(2019) Cota, Jochima-Eudora; Spadigam, Anita; Dhupar, AnitaSeparation of the epithelial lining from the underlying connective tissue wall has been a frequently observed and unique feature in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), but not in other odontogenic cysts nor neoplasms. No study on OKC has been reported evaluating the role of type VII Collagen, the anchoring fibrils, which function in stabilising the epithelial structure. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of type VII collagen in the fragility of the epithelium leading to a high recurrence rate in OKCs. Immunohistochemical staining with Abcam® Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Collagen VII Antibody [LH7.2] (used at a dilution of 1:200) on 30 tissues of OKC. The chi-square test was applied to confirm the statistical significance between the control and test groups. The frequencies of the pattern of distribution for the staining characteristics of collagen VII were calculated in the OKC samples. Out of the 30 OKC samples 22 (73.3%) showed negative staining for type VII Collagen. Among the infected cases, 7 showed a positive basement membrane staining and one of the non-infected OKC showed positive basement membrane staining. However, none of the syndrome associated or recurrent OKCs showed any evidence of type VII collagen reactivity. Considering the distribution of type VII collagen in OKCs it can be concluded that type VII collagen expression is altered in OKCs, leading to destabilisation of the epithelium connective tissue interface thus rendering the epithelium-connective tissue interface fragile.
- MTA HP Repair stimulates in vitro an homogeneous calcium phosphate phase coating deposition(2019) Jiménez Sánchez, María del Carmen; Segura-Egea, Juan J.; Díaz Cuenca, María AránzazuTo study the mineralization capacity in vitro of the bioceramic endodontic material MTA HP Repair. Bioactivity evaluation in vitro was carried out, by soaking processed cement disk in simulated body fluid (SBF) during 168 h. The cement surface was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Release to the SBF media of ionic degradation products was monitored using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). FT-IR showed increasing formation of phosphate phase bands at 1097, 960, 607 and 570 cm-1 with prolonged SBF soaking. FEG-SEM analysis reveals that HP produces a effectively surface covering consisting in homogeneous spherical phosphate phase aggregates with an average diameter of 0.5-1.0 µm. EDX analysis comparing un-treated (hydrated), 24 h and 72 h SBF treated surfaces of MTA HP Repair revealed phosphate deposition after 24 h, with high phosphorous/silicon element ratio signal measured after 24 h, indicating a very high phosphate phase deposition for this material. The study shows that MTA HP Repair produces a quick and effective bioactive response in vitro in terms of crystalline calcium phosphate surface coating formation. The high bioactive response of MTA HP Repair makes it an interesting candidate for endodontic use as repair cement.
- In vitro evaluation of probiotic strains for lactic acid production(2019) Faraz, Ahmed; Arathi, Rao; Vishwas, Saralaya; Srikanth, Natarajan; Karuna, Yarmunja-Mahabala; Suprabha, Baranya ShrikrishnaThe growing interest on usage of probiotic lactobacilli in maintaining oral health has posed number of questions on its probable side effects. One such consideration could be an increased acid production in dental plaque, in turn leading to dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the lactic acid producing ability of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum with and without dental plaque. The study consisted of five groups: 3 control groups (Supragingival plaque, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum) and 2 test groups (Supragingival plaque with L. acidophilus and Supragingival plaque with L. plantarum). 26 samples for each group were collected and their baseline spectrophotometric values were recorded. The acid production was initiated by adding 25?l fructose (10%) and stopped by centrifugation for 2 min. The concentration of the lactic acid produced was determined with the aid of COBAS INTEGRA 400 plus. On comparison of Lactic Acid estimation in mg/dl, the mean values of Plaque group was the highest followed by Plaque +L acidophilus, Plaque +L plantarum, L acidophilus and least in L plantarum. The posthoc analysis shows that the comparison of Group 1 (Plaque) and Group 2 (Plaque +L acidophilus) is statistically Significant results between all the groups except between the Plaque +L acidophilus and Plaque +L plantarum group. The lactic acid producing ability of pure suspensions of L.acidophilus and L.plantarum and the lactic acid producing efficiency becomes more when they are added to the supragingival plaque.
- Outpatient minor oral surgery in patients with hemophilia : a case series of 23 patients(2019) Ramos, Emilio A.; Diamante, Maximiliano; Caruso, Diego; Muiño, Juan M.; Baques, Alejandra; Antonelli, Ludmila B.; Gutierrez, Josefina; Minigutti, Marcelo O.; Guerrero, GabrielaHemophilia is an inherited coagulation disorder characterized by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII or IX. When the management of hemostasis is inadequate, these patients are at high risk of experiencing intra and postoperative bleedings after tooth extractions. Coagulation factor replacement therapy allows performing most surgical procedures safely, although the factor levels and length of treatment have not been clearly determined. In this study, we present our experience in a retrospective series of 112 ambulatory tooth extractions under local anesthesia in 23 patients with hemophilia using a coagulation factor replacement therapy in combination with tranexamic acid. The results obtained with this protocol were satisfactory and only one episode of mild postoperative bleeding occurred after seven days in a patient who did not have good treatment compliance.
- Remineralization ability of two hydraulic calcium-silicate based dental pulp capping materials : cell-independent model(2019) Fathy, Salma M.This study aimed to evaluate remineralizing ability of two hydraulic calcium-silicate cements (Biodentine and TheraCal LC). Artificial carious lesions were introduced into the pulpal floors (1-1.5 mm) and axial walls of occlusal prepared cavity halves through pH cycling. Cycling was made through demineralizing solution (pH 3), for 8 hours and remineralizing solution (pH 7) for 16 hours. The total period of pH cycling was 14 days. Prepared cavities with the tested materials seated directly on the pulpal floor and in contact with the axial walls were stored in phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) (pH 7.2?7.4). The changes in the weight percentages (wt%) of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were detected using SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with reference to sound dentin after three intervals (one week, 3 and 6 months). Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey?s post hoc test. Demineralized dentin, next to Biodentine, showed statistically higher intensities of Ca and P wt% after the three periods of incubation (p< 0.05). Surface mapping of both tested cements and their adjacent demineralized dentin showed increase in overall distribution of previous ions. SEM of subsurface layer under both materials showed filling of most intra-tubular areas with rod-like mineralized structure without significant difference. Biodentine has a higher ability to enrich the artificial carious dentin with significantly higher mineral contents available for remineralization. Both pulp-capping materials have significantly induced remineralization of demineralized dentin beneath them after total period of incubation.
- Clinical and histopathological study of the oral multifocal melanoacanthoma : a case report(2019) Gonçalves, Ingrid-Morgana-Fernandes; Queiroga de Castro Gomes, Daliana; Pereira, Jozinete-Vieira; Nonaka, Cassiano-Francisco-Weege; Alves, Pollianna-MunizMelanoacanthoma is a blackened mucocutaneous lesion, mainly affecting individuals with dark skin and exhibiting rapid development. Differential diagnosis includes nevus, amalgam tattoo and melanoma. This article reports a case of a 53-year-old white woman, who exhibited multiple blackened lesions on the gingiva and upper lip. After incisional biopsy, the presence of numerous melanin-containing dendritic cells distributed throughout the epithelial thickness, which were S-100 (+), were observed microscopically. Final diagnosis was multifocal oral melanoacanthoma. Follow-up for 28 months has shown appearing of more lesions in gingiva and upper lip. Therefore, the importance of differential diagnosis of oral melanoma with the group of oral pigmented lesions, and possible associated systemic diseases were evaluated.
- Color change of the bleached enamel treated with calcium silicate- sodium phosphate-sodium monofluorophosphate-based system(2019) Carneiro, Gisele; Monteiro, Débora; Rodrigues Azenha, Marcelo; Yamauti, Monica; Moreira, Allyson; Magalhães, CláudiaThe increasing demand of tooth bleaching has also increased the need of researches focusing on the durability of the resultant color. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a system based on calcium silicate, sodium phosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate (Regenerate?) on color maintenance of bleached enamel considering two waiting times for the contact with a cola drink. This in vitrostudy was performed on bovine enamel specimens (n = 100), bleached with 35% H2O2 and treated with: G1 Distilled water; G2 Artificial saliva; G3 RegenerateTM Serum and Toothpaste; G4 RegenerateTM Toothpaste; G5 RegenerateTM Serum. The groups G3, G4 and G5 received one application of the respective products for 3 min, in 3 consecutive days. The color parameters (?E, L*, a*, b*) were evaluated by spectrophotometry before and after bleaching and after surface treatments and immersion (15min) in cola drink, on the waiting times of 24 hours (T1) and 7 days (T2). The effect of surface treatments and waiting times was evaluated by Two-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and T test (p<0.05). There was no significant effect of the surface treatments (p=0.57), waiting times (p=0.97) and their interaction (p=0.47) considering ?E. The analysis of repeated measures of the color coordinates L*, a* and b* showed a decrease of chromaticity (a*, b*) for G3, G4 and G5 and an increase of lightness (L*) for G5, after immersion in cola drink, suggesting some protection against bleached enamel pigmentation. RegenerateTM has a potential protective effect on bleached enamel color maintenance. The waiting times of 24 hours and 7 days for the contact with the cola drink did not influence bleached enamel color maintenance.
- Clinical effect of toothpaste and mouth rinse containing zinc lactate on oral malodor reduction(2019) Srisilapanan, Patcharawan; Roseman, Jeffrey; Likitsatian, TanradaThis study aimed to investigate the effect of toothpaste and mouth rinse containing 0.14% zinc lactate on the reduction of three volatile oral malodor gases. Ten subjects with good health were recruited to take part in a crossover design study with a 7-day washout period. They were randomly assigned to use the test (toothpaste and rinse containing 0.14% zinc lactate) or placebo (negative control) treatment regimens within the two-week period. All subjects were asked to refrain from tooth brushing and eating in the morning prior to the gas collection periods. The assessment of malodor measured the quantity of three volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) using an OralChromaTM device. Oral gas collecting was divided into four time periods; before breakfast and the morning oral hygiene practice (baseline); after oral hygiene at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours. After the baseline assessment, each subject used the test or placebo treatment regimen for 7 days. After 7 and 14 days, subjects returned to the study site to repeat the same procedures with different products. Kruskal-Wallis was used to analyze the mean differences of malodor gases between the two test regimens. The baseline mean of total VSCs in test and control groups was 6.5±3.7 and 1.7±9.3 ng/10 ml, respectively. The percent reduction of H2S at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours was statistically significant (p<0.005) in both treatments. The percent reduction of (CH3)2S and total VSCs in both treatments after 1 hour was statistically significant (p<0.005). The test treatment regimen was more effective than the placebo treatment regimen.
- Animal models in the study and treatment of orofacial pain(2019) Martínez-García, Miguel Ángel; Migueláñez-Medrán, Blanca C.; Goicoechea García, CarlosPain is one of the first causes of medical consultation in the world and by extension of dental consultation too. Orofacial pain comprehends the oral and facial regions including teeth, oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue and lips, but also the muscles of the jaw and neck, the temporomandibular joint, face, head and neck. Despite its highly estimated prevalence, it appears controversial and hard to quantify given the lack of common criteria to select the population under study and the difficulties to classify the different types of pain. Although for many patients the problem eventually fades after tissue healing, certain sub-chronic and chronic pain conditions remain notoriously undertreated. In this respect, animal models can be of great help. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed-Medline with appropriate keywords: orofacial pain, prevalence and dentist. Seven groups were generated and a second search based on each of these groups and on animal models was made. Search was restricted to English and Spanish, but no time restriction was applied. There are as yet few experimental models of orofacial pain: there hardly exists no other than trigeminal nerve injury for neuropathic pain, a bunch of oral squamous cell carcinoma models (mainly referred to the tongue) for cancer pain and none for the painful swelling of salivary glands. Similarly occurs for the burning mouth syndrome. A few more exist for inflammatory odontalgiae, aphthae, joint, myofascial and muscle inflammatory pains, although scarcely diverse as regards the nature of the noxious stimulus. Given the relevance of envisaging the mechanistic of the various types of orofacial pain, new experimental models are needed on the basis of the dentist?s perspective for their correct management.
- Regeneration of periodontal bone defects with dental pulp stem cells grafting : systematic review(2019) Amghar-Maach, Sara; Gay-Escoda, Cosme; Sánchez-Garcés, María AngelesThe main objective is to evaluate the way to graft the dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in periodontal defects that best regenerate periodontal tissues. Numerous procedures have been done to promote periodontal regeneration. Bone grafts show good gains clinically and radiographically but histologically seem to have minimal osteoinductive capacity. Another option that exceeds conventional surgery in reducing probing depth and increasing insertion is guided tissue regeneration and tissue engineering that could be an alternative approach to help in the regeneration of living functional bone and peri-dental structures. A search was carried out in Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases with keywords: ?dental pulp stem cells?, ?periodontal regeneration?, ?guided tissue regeneration, periodontal?, ?tissue regeneration?, ?periodontal bone defects?, ?periodontal tissue engineering? and ?periodontal defect?. Inclusion criteria were articles in English, maximum 10 years old, in which DPSC were used to regenerate a periodontal defect. Exclusion criteria were studies not published in English, case reports, case series, literature reviews, and studies in which periodontal defect was caused by dental extraction. Out of the 185 articles identified, 101 after excluding duplicates, of which 94 were discarded when reading the title and abstract. 7 articles were obtained for the full text reading: a case report and a case series were eliminated. The systematic review is performed with 5 animal testing studies in vivo. The DPSC sheets regenerate a greater amount of bone than the injection. If HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) is added, the maximum bone volume regenerated (69.3 ± 3.9 mm3; p<0.01) is achieved. Similar results were obtained in all carriers tested except in the controls. The periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) formed more new bone, compared to DPSC (p<0.001). The presence of new cementum and periodontal ligament induced by CMLPs, was detected histologically but DPSC cannot achieve it alone. Cementum or PDL regeneration does not depend only on DPSC but on other unknown factors. PDLSC has better periodontal regeneration than DPSC. DPSC significantly favours the regeneration of periodontal bone tissue but has few advantages over other grafts. It is necessary to study which growth factors or matrices can enhance their capacity for periodontal regeneration.
- Calcium Pre-Rinse : effect on permeability of dentin tubules by fluoride rinse(2019) Braga, Tacíria-Machado-Bezerra; Braga, David-Nascimento; Moreno-Carvalho, Edilausson; Bauer, José-Roberto-de Oliveira; Turssi, CeciliaThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether calcium (CaL) solution would enhance the capacity of sodium fluoride (NaF) solution in reducing the permeability of hypersensitive dentin. Thirty-two Wistar rats ingested for 45 days acidic isotonic drink (Gatorade, pH 2.7) ad libitum to induce dental erosion. Then, molar teeth received a cold stimulus to confirm the presence and score the intensity of dentin hypersensitivity based on body contraction and noise. Animals were allocated to four groups (n=8), according to the solution(s) applied in the oral cavity: NaF (12 mmol/L, 1 min); CaL (150 mmol/L, 1 min); CaL followed by NaF (CaF+NaF, 1 min each); distilled water (DW, 1 min, as negative control). The animals were euthanized and the mandibles dissected into hemimandibles, which were sealed with sticky wax, except for the occlusal surface of the molar teeth. The samples were immersed in 10% copper sulphate solution and in 1% dithioxamide alcoholic solution (25 min each). The samples were sectioned longitudinally and imaged under optical microscope. Then, dentin permeability was measured as the area of copper ion penetration, using ImageJ software. Photomicrographs were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. 68.7% of animals had body contraction associated or not with noise. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey´s test indicated that groups treated with NaF solution, whether or not preceded by CaL solution, presented lower permeability than the remaining groups [CaL+NaF: 3405.7 ?m2 (±1796.4); NaF: 4111.7 ?m2 (±2450.6); CaL: 42254.6 ?m2 (±30399.2); DW: 37064.6 ?m2 (±21994.4)]. Photomicrographs showed that CaL+NaF group presented an increased proportion of occluded dentin tubules in comparison to the NaF-only group. Although qualitatively there seems to be a benefit in using CaL pre-rinse, this solution did not quantitatively enhance the capacity of NaF in reducing permeability of hypersensitive dentin.
- Efficacy of self-designed intraoral appliances in prevention of cheek, lip and tongue bite after local anesthesia administration in pediatric patients(2019) Alghamidi, Wala A.; Alghamdi, Sondos B.; Assiri, Jawaher-Ahmad; Almathami, Abeer A.; Alkahtani, Zuhair-Motlak; Togoo, Rafi A.The occurrence of self-inflicted soft tissue injuries following administration of local anesthesia in pediatric patients who have received dental treatment has been reported. Aim: To evaluate the attitudes and knowledge regarding cheek, lip, and tongue bite post administration of local anesthesia among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the efficacies of three types of intraoral appliances on the prevention of self-harm were evaluated in pediatric patients. A total of 301 practitioners were provided with a questionnaire consisting of 9 items. In addition, three types of intraoral appliances made of polyethylene terephthalate were designed as follows: design 1 (consisted of an anterior extension with numerous perforations); design 2 (had a buccal flap extension); and design 3 (comprised of serrated borders). The appliances were placed in the oral cavities of 45 children (age, 3?15 years) immediately after the completion of the dental procedure. The patient was asked to retain the appliance for 3 h. After 24 h, both parents and children were required to respond to a checklist to evaluate the effectiveness the appliances. Almost half of the dental practitioners had never encountered self-inflicted soft tissue injury in children after local anesthesia administration. About 60% of the dentists were of the opinion that provision of adequate instructions after treatment could prevent the occurrence of lip, cheek, and tongue biting. Furthermore, among the three appliances used, design 1 was most well accepted. Intraoral appliances used in this study may be considered for use to prevent self-inflicted soft tissue trauma in children following administration of local anesthesia.
- Whitening toothpastes effect on nanoparticle resin composite roughness after a brushing challenge : an in vitro study(2019) dos Santos, José-Handerson-Araújo; Silva, Natyla-Maysa-de Lima; Gomes, Mário-Gilson-Nina; Paschoal, Marco-Aurélio-Benini; Gomes, Isabella-AzevedoNowadays, the use of whitening toothpastes is a common habit, especially among young adults, due to aesthetic appeal. On the other hand, little is known regarding the effects of brushing with those newly dentifrices on wear properties of resin composites. Thirty specimens of nanoparticle composite resin were fabricated and stored in distilled water for 24 h at 370C. After this, the roughness analysis was performed and submitted to the simulated brushing technique using three types of toothpastes: conventional (GI), and two with whitening effect (GII and GIII) for a period of 15 days, with 2 brushing sessions per day for 2 minutes each. The final surface roughness was analyzed after completing all the brushing cycles and stereoscopic images were taken for each group. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-test post hoc for intergroup comparison and the T-test for dependent samples as well (? = 0.05). However showing an increase of roughness for all groups after the brushing cycles (p = 0.01), no statistically significant differences among the groups after simulated brushing was verified (p = 0.17). Yet, just some cracks of the stereoscopic images were shown, demonstrating no distinct visual effects among the studied groups. After simulated brushing with the whitening toothpastes, similar degree of roughness was verified on the composite resin tested.
