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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2021. No. 17
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- El movimiento de la Nueva Canción chilena: cultura y contrahegemonía(Universitat de València, 2021) McSherry, J. PatriceThis article analyzes the Chilean New Song movement (NCCh) as an integral component of a powerful counterhegemonic movement in Chile, formed in the mid-1960s, and key in the election of President Salvador Allende in 1970. The songs of the New Song movement not only denounced injustices but also articulated the dreams and hopes of multitudes of Chileans for a future of social justice and dignity. The musicians were simultaneously social communicators, historians, teachers, organizers, and interpreters of popular aspirations. They gave concerts in union halls from the north to the south of Chile, and in hundreds of student assemblies and meetings of campesinos in the rural areas. I use Antonio Gramsci's concepts to assess the significance of NCCh, particularly Gramsci?s ideas about hegemony and the role of organic intellectuals. iinterpret the role of the musicians as organic intellectuals as their music gave voice to the voiceless, visibilized their struggles, and made a new society of social justice in Chile seem possible and achievable.
- Presencia de Violeta Parra en la construcción del imaginario popular de la vía chilena al socialismo. La Peña de los Parra y la Carpa de La Reina: la reconstrucción de una memoria testimonial(Universitat de València, 2021) Montealegre Iturra, Jorge; Chavarría Contreras, Rafael"Violeta Parra's work, as well as her artistic/folkloric legacy, was instrumental to the emergence of an insurgent popular culture which left its mark on the Allende presidency and post-dictatorial memorializations. The Peña de los Parra and the Carpa de la Reina were cultural artifacts born out of the Parra family's artistic practices. Their reconstruction by means of testimonial memories brings back the complex socio-cultural context in which they were immersed. Both artifacts contain memories which connote forms of artistic involvement that announce symbolic associations with the political process unleashed by the Unidad Popular, subsequently crushed by the 1973 military coup. This article attempts an ""ex post"" reading of both experiences, resorting to the testimonial reconstruction of those memories, and applying notions born out of cultural and memorial studies. The chronology thus pieced together enables a recreation of the Peña's and the Carpa's accomplishments that emerges as a useful inquiry into the significant partaking of the distinguished Parra family, led by Violeta Parra, in major historical processes."
- Un encuentro personal con una épica colectiva: conversando en torno a los documentos del período de formación del Museo de la Solidaridad(Universitat de València, 2021) Lopez, LoretoLa conmemoración de los 50 años del triunfo de la Unidad Popular encabezada por Salvador Allende, encuentra a la sociedad chilena en medio de uno de los procesos de movilización y protesta más álgido y extendido de los últimos años. Desde el 18 de octubre de 2019 calles y barrios de distintas ciudades a lo largo del país, han sido testigos del múltiples marchas, asambleas y cabildos, donde se mezcla el descontento por las condiciones de vida propias del modelo neoliberal instalado por la dictadura y consagrado por los gobiernos de la transición, con la efervescencia y la esperanza de que todas las horas de protesta, consignas, rayados, pancartas, conversaciones y también vidas vulneradas en esas acciones, abran por fin las grandes alamedas, como el propio Salvador Allende esperaba ocurriera en algún momento, a pesar del Golpe de Estado que derrocó al gobierno de la Unidad Popular.
- El Tren Popular de la Cultura: expresión del arte para todos(Universitat de València, 2021) Espinoza Cartes, Carolina Andrea"Measure number 40 of the Popular Unity government program headed by President Salvador Allende, had the objective of creating the National Institute of Art and Culture through the establishment of artistic training schools in all the provinces of Chile. The flagship experience that managed to unite all the symbolism after this measure was the People´s Train of Culture, a train that traveled with artists from various disciplines for forty days to the south of Chile, taking various artistic expressions to places where they had never arrived before. The activity carried out in February 1971 was successful in terms of the artists who participated in it and the population benefiting from the activities, however, it was never repeated again, due to events that made it difficult for the Unity government to continue Popular, to the point of causing its fall in the coup d?état of September 11, 1973. What was left of that experience in the Chilean population? Can it be considered one of the first attempts to decentralize the culture of the capital and promote young artists from their closest geographical and cultural environment? Did the experience leave its mark on the artists who later had to fight against the dictatorship from within or from exile? It is what we try to decipher in this article. This is what we are trying to decipher in this article, which is complemented by testimonies captured in the recording process of the documentary ""People´s Train of Culture"", directed by the author in 2015."
- Assessment of the Cultural Project during the Unidad Popular: La Quinta Rueda and Cuadernos de la Realidad Nacional(Universitat de València, 2021) Zamorano Díaz, CésarThe Unidad Popular is a period where there was a deep reflection on culture and its interdependence with the political-social changes. After a first moment, during the period of the electoral campaign and a year after starting the implementation of a national project on the road to socialism, the discussions on the role of culture in this process intensified and whose resonances went through positive balances to strong criticism, especially the danger of recognizing culture only as a means of disseminating something that is done elsewhere, of an instrumentalization of its practices. This paper aims to analyze this discussion in two political-cultural journals that opened their pages to their understanding. In effect, both La quinta rueda and Cuadernos de la Realidad Nacional (also known as Cuadernos del CEREN) constitute critical frameworks from which we can better observe the diverse and heterogeneous discourses that not only manifest the heterogeneity of voices that circulated, but also the theoretical and reflexive intensity of this era.
- El debate cultural en la Unidad Popular: una cuestión previa (1958-1969)(Universitat de València, 2021) Briceño Ramírez, LauraEste artículo tiene como finalidad examinar de dónde provienen las conceptualizaciones e ideas expresadas en el debate cultural de la Unidad Popular, especificando en el caso de la propuesta del escritor Enrique Lihn, quien durante este gobierno actuó como un intelectual comprometido con el proyecto socialista. Se plantea que las prácticas de sociabilidad de los escritores en los años sesenta, posibilitaron la conformación de una red intelectual latinoamericana, que produjo y puso en circulación, desde un marxismo heterodoxo, la función social de la literatura, el compromiso del escritor y las necesidades de crear las condiciones sociales y culturales para que el pueblo protagonizara el proceso de cambio social. Compartimos la idea de que el gobierno de Salvador Allende representa la culminación de una serie de procesos intelectuales en los que se pensó el problema de la cultura en América Latina y la propuesta de Enrique Lihn, para el caso de Chile, evidencia el accionar de los escritores como actores colectivos en el campo cultural y político, dispuestos a discutir sus propuestas con el gobierno revolucionario.
- 'Asumir la ausencia: poética de duelos inconclusos en la narrativa española del siglo XXI', de Anthony Nuckols(Universitat de València, 2021) Caballer Galcerà, Marc CaballerReseña
- 'Las cosas como son y otras fantasías. Moral, imaginación y arte narrativo', de Pau Luque(Universitat de València, 2021) Ceballos Viro, ÁlvaroReseña
- 'Imaginar el pasado, temer el futuro,' de Esther Alba Pagán, Elena Monzón Pertejo y Luis Pérez Ochando (eds.)(Universitat de València, 2021) Pallardó Azorín, BetlemReseña
- Los intelectuales y la cuestión de la cultura popular: interpretaciones e iniciativas durante la Unidad Popular(Universitat de València, 2021) Ayo Schmiedecke, NatáliaThis paper examines the different ways in which Chilean intellectuals interpreted the objective of creating a ?new culture? of a ?popular? nature in the context of the Popular Unity (1970-1973). To this end, I propose four analytical categories of cultural production: ?about the people?, ?for the people?, ?with the people? and ?from the people?. With examples of discourses and works produced in different fields, I will highlight how transversal the topics of the debate and the cultural production of the time were. Unlike prior scholarship that emphasize the limitations of the absence of a guiding line of cultural policy, I argue that the simultaneous presence of different references was a stimulating factor for the debates and allowed the development of various initiatives in the cultural field. In line with this, my article aims to: contribute to overcoming the common trend of approaching the cultural policy of the Popular Unity with the bias of failure or insufficiency; to draw the attention on the limitations of reducing the cultural policy to the sole government?s action; and to provide elements to relativize the notion of closed and internally coherent positions within the Chilean left.
- 'Una casa lejos de casa. La escritura extranjera', de Clara Obligado(Universitat de València, 2021) Burgos Ballester, LolaReseña
- 'Antes del orgullo. Recuperando la memoria gay', de Jorge Luis Peralta(Universitat de València, 2021) Martínez Gil, JuanReseña
- 'El auge del feminismo neoliberal', de Catherine Rottenberg(Universitat de València, 2021) Blasco Lisa, SandraReseña
- 'Infancias. La narrativa argentina de HIJOS', de Teresa Basile(Universitat de València, 2021) Stancatti, JosefinaReseña
- 'Histoire sociale de la télévision en Espagne', de Manuel Palacio(Universitat de València, 2021) Herrero Izquierdo, JacoboReseña
- Narraciones internacionales de la Guerra Civil. Escritores e intelectuales contra las dos Españas(Universitat de València, 2021) Martínez Rubio, JoséEl relato dominante sobre la naturaleza de la Guerra Civil española ha sido configurado desde plan-teamientos que, en buena medida, han prescindido de las coordenadas históricas internacionales, promocionando una mirada mítica o esencialista, cristalizada en tópicos como el cainismo español o el enfrentamiento sempiterno de dos Españas antagónicas. Se trata, en mi opinión, de un relato que impide observar el conflicto en toda su mag-nitud. Este trabajo pretende explorar algunas narraciones periféricas de la contienda, especialmente elaboradas por escritores extranjeros, que abren la perspectiva a una in-terpretación internacional del conflicto y que cambian la explicación general de la Guerra Civil.
- ¿Qué significa pesimista? Infancia e insilio durante la dictadura argentina (1976-1983) en el filme 'El premio' (2011) de Paula Markovitch(Universitat de València, 2021) Rocco, AlessandroThe film El Premio (2011), by Paula Markovitch, is part of the production of the hijos, sons and daughters of victims of the Argentine dictatorship. The author blends autobiography and fiction to present her childhood experiences, focusing on the moment when her story suffers the onslaught of State terrorism. Furthermore, imagining the disappearance of the protagonist?s father, the author identifies with those who were victims of the loss of their relatives. The protagonist?s point of view guides the story, concentrating on the experience of a seven-year-old girl, the daughter of persecuted parents, in a provincial town; but it also preserves the gaze of the adult, who is offered the opportunity of a new elaboration of the experience, especially with regard to the relationship with her mother. To analyze the film, we will focus on the areas of the character?s experience that play a structural role in the story: the spatial dimension, the sphere of play, imagination and literary fiction, the context of the school. Finally, the family relationship, distorted by the violence of the dictatorship.
- Abstracción fotográfica y performatividad material(Universitat de València, 2021) Robles De La Pava, JulianaThis article aims to analyze the place of ma-teriality in the study of a group of abstract photographic works produced in Argentina between 1960 and 1980. In order to carry this out, it will be necessary to make a brief review of different theoretical approaches to the medium in order to set the place occupied by the reflection on ma-teriality. Then, we will try to outline a notion of materiali-ty conceived in the terms of a relational multiplicity with the aim of describing a set of photographic objects that in the framework of aesthetic abstractionism in Argentina challenged the referential models of photography and ins-cribed the update of a photographic idea conceived beyond the indexical paradigms or the cultural constructivism as-sociated to the medium. According to this, we will try to sustain that in photographic abstraction a performative logic of materiality is put into play that destabilizes the conventional ways of conceiving the technical image.
- La literatura escrita por mujeres hoy: aproximación a su recepción y notas preliminares a un fenómeno incipiente. El caso de Colombia(Universitat de València, 2021) Capote Díaz, VirginiaIn the 1960s, Latin America firmly positioned itself on the world literary scene with the emergence of the boom, mainly led by five national centers: Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile. Fifty years later, the market and critics speak of a new boom in Latin American literature, this time starring women born in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and Chile. On this occasion, Colombia falls off the cast and its role is very marginal. What are the reasons that exclude Colombian literature this time? Through this enunciation framework and using and approach to reception, we will attend to the new production of literature written by young Latin American women writers. The goal is to draw a general overview of what has been called a ?New boom? of female narrative on the continent, carrying out, above all, a reading of the legitimacy that young writers in the region (born between 1970 and 1990) have obtained both through the market and through the academy.
- Analogías impertinentes. Voces, canciones y artefactos tecnológicos en la revisión de los setenta del cine argentino reciente(Universitat de València, 2021) Dufays, Sophie; Piedras, PabloThis paper offers a comparison between two Argentine films of 2017 that revisit the first seventies (that is, the years previous to the civic military coup) in a way that we find symptomatic of their political, cultural and cinematographic context: Sinfonía para Ana (Symphony for Ana, Ernesto Ardito and Virna Molina) and Desearás al hombre de tu hermana (Desire, Diego Kaplan). Beyond their obvious differences ?the differences between an independent author?s film and a commercial one?, both films base their affective reconstruction of the seventies on the role of recorded voices and of some popular songs from that time. After a contextual introduction, we focus our analysis on these two components (voices and songs), connecting them with the mise-en-scène of the gaze (a gaze of desire or control) and the space (a markedly closed space) in order to show how, from these elements, sensuality and violence are tied in the new mnemonic versions of the seventies that these films offer. At the same time, we highlight the (tech)nostalgia associated with the visual recurrence of analog recording and reproduction devices, pointing out how such objects contribute to auratize that predigital era, projecting it as a ?hot? time in history.
