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Language Gaceta internacional de ciencias forenses. 2022. No. 45
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- Posición de crucifixión invertida o "de san Pedro": un raro caso de asfixia postural(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Muñoz-Quirós Caballero, José Manuel; Prado Fernández, Noemi; Mira García, Enrique; Giner Alberola, SalvadorPostural asphyxia is an infrequent variety of mechanical asphyxia caused by the abnormal body position of the individual for a long time, producing a mechanical impediment to respiratory movements and normal venous return to the heart. One of these postures is known as ""inverted crucifixion"", as described in the sacred story that Saint Peter was martyred to death. In this scenario, the ventilatory dynamics is severely affected because the weight of the abdominal viscera on the diaphragm progressively limits the movements necessary for inspiration. We present the case of a man who accidentally, trying to recover one of his pets trapped inside a structure used to distribute irrigation water from a ditch, was immobilized inside it completely inverted, with no possibility of recovery. escape by the dimensions of the place. The medicolegal investigation of the body allowed us to observe an evident discrepancy in the evolution of the putrefactive phenomena, much more advanced in regions proximal to the waist and lesser evolution in distal areas, with severe craniofacial, cervical and proximal thoracic congestion, as well as excoriations in pads and fingers of both hands, on both ankles and multiple superficial linear excoriations in the anterior thoraco-abdominal area, parchment and knees, and absence of significant violent or natural injuries that could cause death.
- Publicidad médica maliciosa y desleal en el ejercicio profesional de la medicina. Su problemática ética, moral y jurídica actual en Venezuela(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Araujo Cuauro, Juan CarlosPurpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the knowledge of physicians about advertising, marketing, medical branding of health services from an ethical, moral, deontological and legal analysis. As a current problem in Venezuela. Approach: It is essential to establish, first of all, what is the nature of the medical activity, to specify its object, to delimit its field of action, and then to determine if it is possible to equate it with the activities that are usually promoted through advertising, marketing and branding. Description: Advertising, public relations, marketing communications, news and editorial share a common goal of truthfulness and high ethical standards in serving the public, especially when it comes to medical advertising since its raw material is the human body. Point of view: It is an evident fact that in recent times, messages that explicitly or covertly promote medical or surgical treatments performed by certain physicians, or that highlight personal characteristics of some of them, with the obvious purpose of attracting patients, have frequently appeared in mass or selective media (social networks). Conclusion: It can be concluded that advertising in the medical field also deserves special attention from the State institutions, since the eventual deception here also affects health, and therefore the regulations should be urgently updated to adapt to the new times and contrary to the interests of citizens in health matters.
- Animales como víctimas de abuso sexual y su tipificación legal en México(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Torres Alfaro, DinorhaEl maltrato y crueldad animal están muy presentes en nuestra sociedad actual pese a los esfuerzos de activistas, organizaciones e instituciones para prevenirlos y/o erradicarlos. Ambos comprenden distintas manifestaciones y el abuso sexual es una de ellas, la cual es más frecuente de lo que se cree, provocándole al animal serias afectaciones físicas y conductuales. El presente trabajo brinda una revisión documental respecto a los antecedentes de la bestialidad, sus posibles causas, consecuencias y el perfil de los agresores, puesto que anteriormente se creía que estos casos eran determinados por una edad, lugar y género en particular, pero con las investigaciones que han surgido en los últimos años se ha llegado a la conclusión de que no es así. Asimismo no hay distinción de especies: animales domésticos, animales de granja y animales silvestres son utilizados para satisfacer sexualmente al ser humano. En México algunos estados tipifican el sexo humano-animal como delito, por lo que se realizó una revisión a los treinta y dos Códigos Penales Estatales, así como al Código Penal Federal, con la finalidad de identificar cuáles estados lo tipifican como delito, realizar una comparación en cuanto a penas y conocer cómo definen el sexo con animales. En su mayoría, los resultados muestran sanciones administrativas y penas relativamente bajas y, pese a la incidencia de estos casos, el abuso sexual animal no es considerado delito federal.
- Muerte en custodia durante contención y restricción. Factores estresores, percepción individual y respuesta al estrés como causa de muerte(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2022) Breglia, Gustavo AlbertoDeath in custody is an event that requires an exhaustive medico-legal investigation, there are different assumptions and situations in which an individual dies in conditions when he is deprived of liberty and third parties are the guarantors of his safety. The moment of arrest of a violent or combative individual sometimes culminates in the sudden and unexpected death of the detainee; the state of intoxication or psychiatric conditions such as excited delirium have been linked to these situations. Similarly, if violent gestures with sufficient entity to cause death emerge from the investigation, the cause of death may be clarified; but sometimes the detention with restraint maneuvers of a healthy subject, with no medical, toxic or psychiatric history that may explain the sudden death, constitute a challenge for the forensic physician to reveal the circumstances that explain the death. Positional asphyxia has been an argument that has tried to explain the etiology of death in these cases, but although it exists as an entity, different studies have discredited its prominence as the sole cause of death in these cases. The excessive response to physiological mechanismsto face stressful events, after an energetic physical activity, and the individual perception of the event, may justify, after a thorough medico-legal investigation and contextualization of the fact, as an explanation of the cause of death during restraint.
