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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2019. Vol. 11, no. 10
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- Effectivity comparison between three different enamel remineralizing agent postfix orthodontic treatment(2019) Triwardhani, Ari; Djaharu'ddin, Irwadi; Herawan, Putu-AndyThis study aims to compare the effectiveness of topical fluoride application, a toothpaste containing synthetic hydroxyapatite with one containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) in remineralizing enamel after the debonding process. The study constituted experimental laboratory research incorporating posttest-only control group design. A metal bracket was placed on the buccal surface of 40 premolar teeth and immersed in artificial saliva. After 1 month, the bracket was debonded. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups, namely (n = 6) the control group (C), the 1st treatment group (T1), the 2nd treatment group (T2), and the 3rd treatment group (T3). There was no treatment of C group. For the T1 group, topical application of fluoride was conducted. For the T2 group, toothpaste containing synthetic hydroxyapatite was applied by brushing the teeth twice a day. The same treatment was administered to the T3 group, but using a different toothpaste containing CSPS. After a treatment of 14 days, the T1, T2, and T3 groups were prepared before being observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM data were examined visually and scored using an enamel surface index (ESI), an enamel damage index (EDI), and an enamel remineralization index. The data obtained were analyzed by means of Kruskal?Wallis and Mann?Whitney tests. The statistical significance value was P< 0.05. A review of the ESI and IRE scores showed that, compared to the C group, all treatment groups recorded a significantly lower score, with T2 registering the lowest. With regard to the EDI scores, only the T1 group showed no significant difference to the C group. Sensitive toothpaste containing synthetic hydroxyapatite and CSSP proved to be more effective in forming the remineralization layer on tooth surfaces compared to topical fluoride application.
- Oral paracoccidioidomycosis in a non-endemic region from Brazil: a short case series(2019) Souza, Reydson-Alcides-de Lima; Bonan, Paulo Rogério Ferreti; Pinto, Mariana-Bitu-Ramos; Prado, José-Divaldo; Castro, Jurema Freire Lisboa de; Carvalho, Elaine Judite de Amorim; Perez, Danyel Elias da CruzAlthough the paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic in Brazil, the occurrence in most states from the North and Northeastern Brazil is very unusual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of a case series of oral PCM in a non-endemic region from Brazil (Northeastern region), discussing the clinical and histopathological differential diagnoses of the oral manifestations of the disease. Between 2000 and 2017, all cases of oral PCM were retrieved from the Oral Pathology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, located at Northeastern Brazil. Clinical data, such as age, gender, origin, occupation, site, symptoms, time of complaints, clinical presentation, number of lesions, and clinical hypotheses of diagnosis, were collected from the clinical charts. All cases were histologically reviewed in hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori-Grocott staining. Six cases were identified. All patients were male, with a mean age of 53.8 years (ranging from 40 to 73 years). Four cases appeared as multiple ulcers and two presented single lesions (buccal mucosa and hard palate). Clinically, in five cases, squamous cell carcinoma was considered in the differential diagnosis. The common histopathological features consisted of hyperplastic epithelium, intraepithelial microabscesses, and formation of granulomatous chronic inflammatory reaction in a fibrous connective tissue with severe chronic inflammatory reaction. Yeasts were observed either inside of multinucleated giant cells or extracellularly. Although rare in non-endemic regions, oral PCM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral chronic ulcers, mainly those multiple.
- Full arch fixed prostheses vs. full arch telescopic-retained retrievable prostheses both supported by implants and natural tooth abutments in periodontally treated patients : results at 15 years(2019) Guarnieri, Renzo; Di Nardo, Dario; Di Giorgio, Gianni; Miccoli, Gabriele; Testarelli, LucaThe clinical outcome of full arch fixed prostheses vs. full arch telescopic-retained retrievable prostheses supported by implants and natural tooth abutments in periodontally treated patients has been reported by few studies, with controversial results. The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term (15 years) complications of abutment teeth and dental implants in periodontally treated patients, rehabilitated with full arch telescopic-retained retrievable prostheses (TRP)s vs. full arch fixed prostheses (FP)s supported by teeth and implants. After active periodontal therapy (non-surgical and surgical), and implant placement (replacement of hopeless teeth and in edentulous sites), 18 patients were rehabilitated in both dental arches with full arch TRPs, and 17 patients were rehabilitated with full arch FPs. Patients were annually recalled for technical and/or biological complications monitoring. During the 15-year observation period, 29 of 164 (17.6%) implants failed in the TRP group and 26 of 152 (17.1 %) implants in the FP group. Due to progression of periodontal disease, endo-perio untreatable lesion and caries, 22 of 233 abutment teeth were extracted (8.1) % in the TRP group and 23 of 221 (10.4%) abutment teeth were extracted in the FP group. Difference in implant failures and abutment teeth loss between the two groups were found not statistically significant (p >0.05). Poisson regression analysis showed that in both groups, factors such as smoking habits, FMBS>20, number of pockets >6 mm, mean bone loss, and bone loss/age, contribute to tooth and implant failure (p<0.05). In this clinical study, in periodontally treated patients, full arch telescopic-retained retrievable prostheses, and full arch fixed prosthesis, supported by teeth and implants presented comparable long-term results of tooth loss and implant failure, if regular periodontal therapy is implemented.
- Does breastfeeding have a long-term positive effect on dental occlusion?(2019) Boronat Catalá, Montserrat; Bellot Arcís, Carlos; Montiel Company, José María; Almerich Silla, José Manuel; Catalá Pizarro, MontserratBreastfeeding produces beneficial effects on a baby?s early growth and development, and general well-being. Some studies have associated breastfeeding with better occlusal development. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of breastfeeding on occlusal development in children. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the occlusions of 320 children belonging to the Spanish INMA Project cohort, monitored from gestation onwards. The association between the duration of breastfeeding and different occlusal traits in mixed dentition (overjet, overbite, openbite, midline displacement, incisor crowding, incisor spacing, diastema, maximum maxillary and mandibular irregularity, anterior and posterior crossbite) at the age of 9 was assessed, as well as the orthodontic treatment need as determined by the ?Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need? and the ?Dental Aesthetic Index?. A statistically significant association between the duration of breastfeeding and posterior crossbite was found. The Odds Ratio for posterior crossbite was 2.52 (IC 95% 1.34-4.74) for children breastfed up to 16 weeks, 0.56 (IC 95% 0.29-1.08) for children breastfed 16 to 45 weeks, and for more than 45 weeks of breastfeeding it was 0.50 (IC 95% 0.19-1.32). No association was found between breastfeeding and the other examined occlusal traits, nor with the orthodontic treatment need. Breastfeeding for less than 4 months increases the risk of posterior crossbite. However, breastfeeding duration is not linked to other malocclusion traits nor is it linked to the orthodontic treatment need of nine-year-old children.
- Comparative Evaluation of role of Lysyl oxidase gene (LOXG473A) expression in pathogenesis and malignant transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis(2019) Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Singh, Neetu; Sahu, Dinesh; Mishra, ArchanaIdentification and comparison of gene expression of Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in oral submucous fibrosis and controls and to determine its role in Pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. Of total sample size (n=127), the whole blood sample were collected from case and control group in citrate vial. It is centrifused and stored at -800C. We collected and isolated RNA from blood of case group (n=127) and age and sex matched control group (n=127) recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria. The cDNA was prepared for 127 samples which were processed for gene expression of Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in relation to housekeeping genes (Beta actin and 18srRNA) and its role in pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. In relative expression (Normalized ratio),relatively 11 cases shown down-regulation of lysyl oxidase gene while 27 cases shows up-regulation of lysyl oxidase gene while in 89 cases there were no regulation i.e expression of lysyl oxidase gene in case group was of same degree of control. In non-relative expression results (Non-normalized ratio), the 38 cases shown down regulation of LOX gene while in 53 cases, it was up-regulated however in remaining 36 cases there was neither up-regulation nor down-regulation of Lysyl oxidase gene i.e the expression of LOX gene is null. In oral submucous fibrosis, the expression of Lysyl oxidase gene is mixed type i.e either it will down regulate/upregulate or there will be no expression at all comparatively. However in majority of cases the upregulation of lysyl oxidase is relatively more common than down-regulation or non expression of Lysyl oxidase gene.
- Primordial odontogenic tumor with prominent calcifications: a rare case report(2019) Poomsawat, Sopee; Ngamsom, Supak; Nonpassopon, NateePrimordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare odontogenic tumor. It is a new entity in the latest edition of the World Health Organization classification in 2017. In the English-language literature, only 14 cases have been documented. Most POTs show a well-defined unilocular radiolucency surrounding a crown of an unerupted molar, resembling a dentigerous cyst. Microscopically, POT may be difficult to distinguish from odontogenic myxoma, ameloblastic fibroma, hyperplastic dental follicle and dental papilla. Here, we reported a case of POT in a 17-year old female presenting with an asymptomatic bony hard swelling at the left posterior mandible. Interestingly, this case shows unique radiographic and microscopic features with prominent calcifications and stellate reticulum-like structures. These characteristics have rarely been described in all previously reported POTs. Importantly, this case is the first case of POT demonstrating radiopacity in the radiographs. We encourage more cases of POTs to be documented as POTs may have more variations in radiographic and microscopic features. Importantly, oral radiologists, surgeons and pathologists must be aware of this new and rare tumor in order to avoid a misdiagnosis and an inappropriate treatment.
- Dentoalveolar changes in adults promoted by the use of auxiliary expansion arch : a CBCT study(2019) Siécola, Gustavo; Henriques, José Fernando; Freitas, Karina-Maria-Salvatore; Janson, GuilhermeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects and the changes of buccal cortical bone in the posterior area after expansion obtained with TMA auxiliary expansion arch in adult patients. A retrospective analysis of CT scans of 13 patients (6 male, 7 female) treated at a private clinic, taken immediately before and after the use of an auxiliary expansion archwire, was performed. Mean age at installation of TMA auxiliary expansion arch was 29.23 years (s.d.=9.13) and the mean age when the auxiliary arch was removed was 29.52 years (s.d.=9.16). Mean time of the use of the TMA auxiliary expansion arch was 0.29 years (s.d.=0.09). The patients used fixed appliances and after leveling and alignment, a TMA auxiliary expansion arch was installed, combined with the primary 0.017x0.025-inch thermoactivated Ni-Ti archwire. CBCT scans were taken at T1 and T2. Linear and angular measurements regarding the positioning of maxillary molar, premolars and canines were performed. Intragroup comparison of the variables at T1 and T2 was performed with dependent t tests. There was statistically significant transverse increase and buccal inclination of all teeth. The cortical bone showed adaptability and displacement in the same direction of tooth movement, but in smaller amounts. The auxiliary expansion arch proved to be effective to correct dentoalveolar constriction in adult patients, by increasing the buccal dental inclination with larger displacements than the bone crest adaptation and with significant transverse gains.
- Prevalence and presentation of hyperdontia in a non-syndromic, mixed Nigerian population(2019) Bello, Seidu; Olatunbosun, Wisdom; Adeoye, John; Adebayo, Abiodun; Ikimi, NathanAlthough there have been studies on the prevalence and pattern of hyperdontia in sub-Saharan African subjects with similar cultural backgrounds, based on our search, none have been able to consider these epidemiological parameters in a multiethnic black population, which is expected to add substantial knowledge to what is available. This is a retrospective study on the panoramic radiographs of subjects who presented at two dental centres in Abuja, Nigeria between June 2013 and June 2018. Radiographic interpretations were carried out by three independent observers, trained on computer assisted radiographic image interpretation. Data were collected and analyzed using Statistical package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp, Armonk, USA). One thousand eight hundred and thirty seven (1837) panoramic radiographs were studied. Subject comprised males and females between ages 12 ? 95 years with an average of 35.0 years. The prevalence of unilateral hyperdontia was 1.47% while an occurrence rate of 0.27 was observed for bilateral and multiple hyperdontia. For maxillary hyperdontia, a prevalence of 1.09% was recorded which was significantly more common than the mandibular type (0.65). Of note is that all the supernumerary teeth types were commonly observed in the maxilla except the parapremolar type, with a mandibular occurrence rate of 76.9%. From this study, we can conclude that the prevalence of hyperdontia (across different black ethnicities) is low. Although, follicular epithelium around the tooth and root resorption of the enlargement around the adjacent teeth was observed, most were asymptomatic (87.0%) and required no intervention.
- Natural upper anterior teeth display an increasing proportion in mesio-distal direction(2019) Kantrong, Nutthapong; Traiveat, Kritchaya; Wongkhantee, SuchartThis study aimed to determine the esthetic proportion of six natural upper anterior teeth in northeastern Thai population as well as the level of esthetic satisfaction of distinct tooth proportions. Front-view photographs were taken from participants living in the Northeastern Thailand (n=140) of the 18-35 years of age. Computerized program was used for measuring the size of each tooth. All subjects also scored the satisfaction level of different photographs portraying 4 proportions of anterior teeth (golden proportion, 70% RED, 80% RED, and an increasing proportion). We found that proportion of lateral-to-central incisor and canine-to-lateral incisor were 0.72 and 0.80, respectively on both sides. The proportions increased in mesio-distal direction. Our reported ratios were statistically different (P<0.05) from the golden proportion, golden percentage, and 70% RED. However, the ratio of lateral-to-central incisor, but not the canine-to-lateral ratio, was significantly different (P<0.05) when compared to 80% RED. Esthetic satisfaction level of 4 tooth proportions among northeastern Thais was not statistically different (P=0.054). An increasing proportion of upper anterior teeth in the northeastern Thai subpopulation was found. No difference of esthetic satisfaction of 4 different tooth proportions among Thai laypersons warrants further study.
- Fluoride ingestion and thyroid function in children resident of naturally fluoridated areas - An observational study(2019) Shaik, Naseemoon; Shanbhog, Raghavendra; Nandlal, Bhojraj; Tippeswamy, H.MLiterature shows association between systemic fluorides with water fluoride level above 3ppm and endocrine disorders especially related to thyroid. Aim & Objectives: To estimate serum T3, T4, TSH, Fluoride levels among children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake, residing in three different ranges of drinking water fluoride levels below 3ppm. Present double blinded observational trial comprised of 293 children aged between 9-13 years consuming naturally fluoridated water of 3 different ranges: Group I: 0.01 - 0.6ppm, Group II: 0.7-1.2ppm and Group III: 1.3-1.8ppm. For each child demographic data, BMI and Clinical Fluorosis Index were recorded along with serum T3, T4, TSH, Fluoride levels. Data was analyzed using Chi Square, Kruskal Wallis test and Repeated measures of ANOVA with SPSS 23. For serum TSH levels 40% of children of group I had deranged levels followed by group III (20%) and Group II (16%). For serum T4 levels 24% of children of both groups I and III had deranged levels followed by group II (20%). Inter group correlation of drinking water fluoride levels to number of deranged serum T3, T4, and TSH of the children showed non-significant association. According to the present study results long term intake of fluoridated drinking water (0.02 -1.4 ppm) did not showed effect on the thyroid function in the children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake.
- Surgically-oriented anatomical study of mandibular premolars : a CBCT study(2019) Corbella, Stefano; Baruffaldi, Martino; Perondi, Isabella; Taschieri, SilvioThe knowledge of root canal anatomy and of the anatomical relationship should be considered mandatory when planning surgical endodontics. The aim of the study was to investigate the anatomical features of mandibular premolars, evaluating their relationship with mental nerve. CBCT scans were evaluated recording the number of roots, root canal configuration and the relationship with mental nerve of 100 mandibular premolars. After simulating a resection of 3 mm of the root, the shape and the number of canals, and the distance to the buccal and lingual bone plate and to the mental foramen was evaluated. The one root - one canal configuration was the most common configuration. The mental foramen was located at the level of MSPs in 40% cases, and it was between MSP and MFP in 46% of cases. The distance between the apex and the vestibular plate was lower than the distance to the lingual one. We found a significant heterogeneity in the anatomy of mandibular premolars. CBCT could be considered important when planning surgical endodontics in this region.
- Oral and maxillofacial lesions in older individuals and associated factors : a retrospective analysis of cases retrieved in two different services(2019) Fonseca, Mª Fernanda-Lopes; Kato, Camila O.; Pereira, Mateus-José-de Carvalho; Gomes, Lucas-Tadeu-Ferreira; Abreu, Lucas G; Fonseca, Felipe Paiva; Mesquita, Ricardo AlvesStudies on the oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMLs) in older people usually assess data of laboratory services and data from oral medicine clinic have been poorly described. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare OMLs in older individuals considering two data sources, besides to assess associated factors with the three most frequent lesions. A retrospective study was conducted with individuals aged 60 years or older. Data of individuals and lesions reported in both services were collected. Univariate analysis was used to test the association between the occurrence of the lesion and the independent variables. The level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,695 (37.3%) records were from the Oral Medicine clinic and 2,848 (62.7%) from the Laboratory service. Inflammatory/reactive lesion group was the most frequent in both services (40.4% in Oral Medicine Clinic and in 44.2% Laboratory). The second and third groups of lesions in the Oral Medicine clinic were infectious diseases (18.5%), and variations of normality (10.8%), while in the laboratorial service were the malignant neoplasms (17.6%) and potentially malignant disorders (13.3%). Differences between services regarding the frequency of lesion groups occurred (p<0.05), except for pigmented (p=0.054) and infectious (p=0.054) groups. Females (OR: 2.08; CI: 1.81?2.39) and individuals who wore a removable prosthesis (OR: 3.99; CI: 2.83?5.62) were also likely to have inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Old?old individuals (OR: 1.70; CI: 1.30?2.21), male (OR: 3.63; CI: 3.00?4.39), smoking (OR: 6.05; CI: 4.84?7.56) or alcohol use (OR: 3.95; CI: 3.12?5.01) were likely to have squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed different frequencies of OMLs in older individuals according to the data sources and age group. The findings are important to direct public policies for this age group.
- Analysis of stress distribution in ceramic and titanium implants in alveolar sockets of the anterior region of the maxilla(2019) Ferraz, Cacilda-Cunha; Barros, Rosália-Moreira; Ferraz, Fábio-Cunha; Mundstock, Átila-Augusto; Maior, Bruno-SottoIn the routine of dentistry, knowing the biomechanical properties of implant systems and their inherent stress distribution under force loading is an essential step to predict structural damage and biological responses. This study aimed to investigate stress distribution in zirconia and titanium implants and their biomechanical response in alveolar sockets of the anterior region of the maxilla through tridimensional finite element analysis. From computed tomography scans of a reference patient, three models of the maxillary dental arch were designed with Rhinoceros 5.0 software (McNeel Europe?, Barcelona, Spain). In each model, a dental implant replaced the maxillary left central incisor. The implants consisted of M1) Zirconia Pure Ceramic Implant Monotype; M2) Zirconia Pure Ceramic ZLA; and M3) Titanium Bone Level - Roxolid SLA. Ceramic crowns were installed in all the implants. Implants and prostheses were loaded with 50N oblique and axial forces. Von-Mises and Mohr Coulomb criteria were used to assess stress distribution in the implant systems and perimplantar bone, respectively. Traction was detected in the cervical region of the palatal bone surface of all the models. Oppositely, compression was found in the cervical region of the vestibular bone surfaces. Zirconia Pure Ceramic Implant Monotype had the best response under oblique force loading. Ceramic implants may be an alternative to replace titanium implants in fresh alveolar sockets in the anterior region of the maxilla.
- Association between sella turcica bridging and altered direction of dental eruption : a case-control study(2019) Arcos-Palomino, Ignacio; Ustrell Torrent, Josep MªCalcification between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes, also the so-called sella turcica bridging, has been associated in some studies with skeletal anomalies as well as with dental and eruption disturbances. It was hypothesized that sella turcica bridging was associated with an altered direction of dental eruption. The aim of the study was to assess whether there was a relationship between the degree of calcification and the presence or absence of an alteration in the tooth eruption direction. A case-control multicenter study was conducted. The study population consisted of 150 subjects (age 10-50 years), 30 of which presented some type of alteration of the direction canine eruption (impactation or transposition) (cases) and 120 selected at random who did not present altered direction of dental eruption (controls). Cases and controls were matched by age, sex, and approximate date of starting orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographies were obtained and the extent of the sella turcica bridging was measured using a Vernier caliper and scored as no calcification, partially calcified, and completely calcified. The frequency of a partially or completely calcified sella turcica bridge was significantly higher among cases with altered direction of dental eruption as compared with controls. There was a trend towards a shorter length of sella turcica in subjects with two or more canine eruption alterations. Sella turcica bridging was unrelated to sex, but it was significantly influenced by age. Sella turcica bridging is frequently detected in subjects with altered direction of dental eruption of canines.
- The influence of intra-alveolar application of honey versus Chlorhexidine rinse on the incidence of Alveolar Osteitis following molar teeth extraction. A randomized clinical parallel trial(2019) Abu-Mostafa, Nedal; Al-Daghamin, Saja; Al-Anazi, Asma; Al-Jumaah, Nesreen; Alnesafi, AmenahAlveolar Osteitis (AO) is a complication occurs on the post-extraction days that includes pain and disintegrated blood clot. Chlorhexidine (CHX) rinse after extraction is an effective method for decreasing the incidence of AO. Honey has natural antibacterial properties and effectiveness when it is used as a dressing on burns and wounds. However, the effect of intraoral honey dressings on healing is still not adequately studied. This study aimed to compare pain and AO after extraction of a molar tooth in a group of patients who received the intra-alveolar application of Manuka Honey post-operatively with another group who used 0.2% CHX rinse. A randomized clinical trial of parallel groups was carried out on 100 patients who had a single molar tooth extraction. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group1 (G1) used 0.2 % CHX twice daily for 7 days. In Group2 (G2), Manuka Honey applied topically by a cotton swab into the socket directly after extraction and on Day3. Re-evaluation, including pain assessment, empty socket, and halitosis was done on day 3 and day 7. G1 included 43 patients and G2 included 57 patients. Higher grades of pain, more empty sockets, and halitosis were found in G2 than in G1 on day3 and day7 without significant differences. Four cases of AO were found in G1 (9.3%) and 7 cases in G2 (12.3%), without significant difference between the two groups according to Chi-squared tests (p=0.753). The application of Manuka honey in the extraction socket directly after extraction and on day 3 has been found to be insignificantly less efficient in the prevention of AO than CHX rinse twice daily for seven days. However, honey is promising as natural dressing material and further studies are recommended.
