Log In 
Language Gaceta internacional de ciencias forenses. 2021. No. 38
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
- Síndrome de Sudek. Valoración de la causalidad a propósito de un caso clínico(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Galiana Vila, Pedro; Talón Navarro, María TeresaBody damage assessment is one of the most common activities in medical forensic clinical services, being essential to establish the causal relationship and the patient?s previous condition. The present article deals with a medical forensic case in which a woman, three years after being performed a venipuncture, presents total functional impotence in the right lower limb, which makes impossible for her to perform activities of daily living and prevents her personal development from happening. The woman was diagnosed with Sudek?s syndrome. This paper review the physiopathology, etiology and clinical progression patterns of this current unrecognized and underdiagnosed disease.
- Consideraciones médico legales sobre el desmembramiento criminal. A propósito de un caso(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Estupiñán Rodríguez, Norge; Monzón González, Joel; Machín Guevara, Yaima; Gallardo Sarmiento, AbelCriminal dismemberment is a very rare event in current Cuban society; and it is generally due to the need to hide the victim's body. In the province of Matanzas (Cuba) only two records of this type are collected, in more than 30 years. From a criminal act that occurred in January 2017 in Cárdenas City, Matanzas. Cuba. The authors of this article set themselves the following objectives: to demonstrate the importance of teamwork at the scene of the event or discovery, and of forensic identification in cases of criminal dismemberment, and to share with the Cuban and international forensic scientific community what was learned in the study and resolution of this rare case within the current Cuban context. At the end of the case it could be concluded that it is possible to establish, from national experience, that criminal dismemberment, although infrequent, is a reality within the work of Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences in Cuba; also demonstrating the vital importance of teamwork for such complex cases, as well as the imperative need in Cuba to always strengthen the work team with the invaluable contribution of Forensic Anthropology.
- Huellas dactilares: identificación y mucho más(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Castelló Ponce, Ana; Pascual Castelló, EvaThe main objective of this work is to review the information that can be obtained from the examination of fingerprints, beyond identification by reading and interpreting their classic characteristics. From the genetic profile, through the detection of exogenous material, the differentiation of twins, the detection of diseases, the determination of sex ... and much more. Always bearing in mind the limitations of each study.
- Análisis de un registro de 10 años de Sentencias Penales relacionadas con la mala praxis médica(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Ramis Pujol, J.; López Martín, S.; Ramis Yebra, J.; Carrera Burgaya, Ana; Reina de la Torre, FranciscoAntecedentes y objetivo: El objetivo del presente análisis fue analizar la mala praxis médica a partir de sentencias judiciales emitidas tras una denuncia penal. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva todas las sentencias penales por mala praxis médica dictadas entre los años 2005 y 2016 en la provincia de Girona. Resultados: Durante el periodo de análisis se identificaron 24 sentencias por mala praxis, todas ellas inculpatorias: 16 (66,6%) por actuaciones médicas llevadas a cabo en un servicio de urgencias (mayoritariamente errores en el diagnóstico de inicio del parto [n=4; 25,0%]) y 8 (33,4%) por actos médicos no urgentes en el ámbito hospitalario. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las sentencias penales por mala praxis médica corresponden a procedimientos de diagnóstico en el ámbito de las urgencias hospitalarias, lo cual sugiere la necesidad de implementar mejoras estructurales y de recursos humanos en este servicio para minimizar el riesgo de mala praxis.
- Validación de un método analítico por cromatografía de gas-líquido y reacción colorida para la identificación de cocaína y metanfetamina en muestras decomisadas(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Martínez Quiroz, Joel; Lozada Sosa, José Francisco; Lázaro Rangel, Jehovani MiguelIn Mexico there is an increase in morbidity and mortality rates due to cocaine and methamphetamine consumption, which has become a main public health issue. Thus, new strategies against traffic and use of narcotics must be developed in order to reduce drug demand. This study proposes a two-step method to analyze seized drug samples containing cocaine or methamphetamine by means of color and chromatographic techniques. The preliminary test consists of color reactions to distinguish between secondary and tertiary amines by using sodium nitroferricyanide and cobalt thiocyanate, respectively. The next step requires a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector that is universally available and affordable for most forensic laboratories. The results showed that there are no interferences of common adulterants, such as acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, benzocaine and phenacetin. The limit of detection for color tests was 20 ?g and 4 ?g for cocaine and methamphetamine, respectively. The limit for chromatographic technique was 2 mg/mL for both substances. Carryover effect was not seen with drug concentration up to one order of magnitude. The qualitative method was validated and found to be simple, economic and selective for identification of cocaine and methamphetamine in seized drug samples.
- La autopsia psicológica como instrumento de investigación forense en el ordenamiento jurídico venezolano a propósito del caso de la muerte del concejal Fernando Albán(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Araujo Cuauro, Juan CarlosPurpose: the psychological autopsy is an expression that is born in the field of forensic sciences and that is precisely where it is applied in the retrospective analysis and studies of the personality characteristics and conditions that an individual had in life and the circumstances of death It is doubtful. The objective of the present investigation is to consider the psychological autopsy procedure as an expert resource in the Venezuelan criminal process in cases of doubtful deaths to approach the understanding of the circumstances of death. Focus: it is based on the case of Councilman Fernando Albán, who is being detained by the Bolivarian Investigation Service (SEBIN) of the Venezuelan State for his alleged participation in the attempted assassination against the president of the republic. The councilor allegedly commits suicide even while in police custody. Description: Forensic psychic assessment is feasible through reconstructive-retrospective psychological evaluation techniques through police and medical-forensic investigation when a criminalistic conviction of the etiology of death has not been achieved. Point of view: certain strange circumstances revolve around this death, creating a matrix of reasonable doubts which we will try to clarify according to the forensic technique of psychological autopsy. Conclusion: the criminal process in Venezuelan legislation should set the standard and guidelines for the application of psychological autopsy as a representative technique of the utmost importance, used in the understanding of the criminal behavior of psychological expertise in doubtful or suspicious deaths of criminality.
- Revisión médico legal de una modalidad de muerte violenta en jóvenes. El juego de la asfixia(Universitat de València: Unitat Docent de Medicina Legal, 2021) Gabrielli, Omar AugustoThe asphyctic games in young people configure a behavior in which the young participants seek a state of brief euphoria as a result of a reduction in cerebral blood flow. It is considered an extremely dangerous activity in the search for strong emotions. Likewise, it is a practice that generates injuries, disabling sequelae and life threatening among adolescents. The forensic medical literature and practice require a greater teaching attitude and scientific dissemination in this type of risk behavior.
