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Language Revista Española de Drogodependencias. Vol. 45, no. 4
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- Factores asociados al consumo de riesgo y abusivo de alcohol en estudiantes de primero de Medicina de la Universidad del País Vasco(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Martínez Cóndor, Daniel; Martínez González, Fernando; Velázquez Miranda, AlexanderObjective. To identify factors associated with the risk of abuse of alcohol consumption in first year medical students at the Basque Country University. Materials and method. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 225 students (77.8% women) using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. A bivariate analysis was carried out and logistic regression models were constructed with three dependent variables: drunkenness, binge drinking (BD) and risk of consumption (RC) of alcohol in the last month. Results. 46.0% of the students had got drunk in the last month, 48.3% were risk drinkers and 67.2% had been binge drinking. In the final model the protective factors were: start drinking alcohol at 16 years or later (drunkenness OR=0.409, BD OR=0.307, RC OR=0.233) and live with the parents or other relatives for drunkenness in the last month (OR = 0.336). The following are risk factors: that the best friend has got drunk in the previous month (drunkenness OR=6.245, BD OR=4.438, CR OR=4.616); being male for drunkenness (OR = 2,884) and CIA (OR=3,588) and being woman for the CR (OR = 4,047); high expectations for the CIA (OR = 2,660) and the CR (OR = 4,572) and that all or most of the friends and peers have got drunk (OR=2.367) or that the best friend has consumed alcohol in the last month (OR=10.287) for drunkenness in the previous month. Conclusions. CR and CIA in the last month are frequent. The positive expectations associated with alcohol are moderately high and are fundamentally related with the emotional state. Delaying the age of onset is the main protective factor, while recent drunkenness of the best friend and the high positive expectations associated with alcohol are the main and most consistent risk factors
- Comorbilidad entre adicciones comportamentales en la adolescencia:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Marcos Moliner, Marta; Chóliz Montañés, MarianoComorbidity in drug use is one of the most relevant aspects of substance addictions. It is, however, an issue on which there is still not enough scientific research regarding behavioral addictions and the relationship with other addictions, especially in regard to the so-called technological addictions. This paper analyzes the relationship between the main criteria of gambling addiction with that of technology, and tobacco and alcohol consumption in 2,074 adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age who were administered the addiction prevention program to gambling, Ludens. In the case of behavioral addictions, the only high correlations were found between mobile and social network addiction scores. This result is in line with the hypothesis that the existence of comorbidity among behavioral addictions requires the participation of common psychological processes. Besides, the absorption into which people with this type of addiction are imbued is usually incompatible with the presence of other behavioral addictions that also require a high degree of involvement.
- Las redes sociales en línea:¿una necesidad humana mal entendida?(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Panova, TatyanaThis paper proposes a non-addictive conceptualization of the human need to interact through online social networks. The negative consequences of online social network use have led to much research on social media addiction. However, these consequences are not severe enough to consider problematic social media use as a disorder. Additionally, the lack of longitudinal studies, clinical samples and standardized diagnostic measures require us to be cautious of pathologizing novel technological behaviors such as social media use. We must understand the problematic use of social networks in the context of the user?s psychological profile, motivations, gratifications and socio-cultural context in order to understand how problematic use occurs and how to combat it. Despite our argument that social media addiction has not been proven to exist at this time, online social networks have been associated with various problems, particularly in certain age groups and in people who suffer from other primary disorders, especially when their use is mediated by the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), a search for validation and avoidance coping. It appears that the most effective help for those experiencing problems from social media use may be psychoeducation and treating the primary comorbid disorder of which problematic social media use is often a side effect.
- El diseño de videojuegos:diversión y potencial adictivo como dos caras de la misma moneda(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Fuster, HectorVideo game design is a relatively new profession. This phenomenon has undergone continuous growth during its short lifespan, becoming one of the world?s primary entertainment industries. Based on this impetus, game designers have begun a path of standardization of the creative act that is mostly governed by psychological principles with significant theoretical and scientific baggage. Understanding video games as a learning experience, designers have adopted concepts such as behavior shaping, self-efficacy, and underlying psychological needs, among others, to ensure the success of their products. This success is often attributed to the consumption patterns of the player, and these are a natural consequence of the user?s engagement with the game. This engagement is sometimes liable to become an addiction. Given the use that video game developers make of psychological principles, clinicians and academics should have an equally extensive knowledge of the process and methods that video game designers use when creating their products, in order to better understand where its addictive potential comes from, beyond the associated symptoms.
- Cambios psicológicos en una muestra clínica de adolescentes con trastorno de juego por internet:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Torres Rodríguez, AlexandraEl Trastorno de juego en Internet (IGD) se ha convertido en objeto de estudio en todo el mundo para ofrecer servicios especializados de salud mental a las personas afectadas. Sin embargo, prima la escasez de estudios relacionados con la efectividad de los tratamientos psicológicos para el IGD. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es evaluar los cambios psicológicos producidos durante el proceso de intervención del ?Programa Individualizado Psicoterapéutico para la Adicción a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación? (PIPATIC) en adolescentes con IGD. Método: La muestra se compone de 31 adolescentes (de 12 a 18 años) de dos centros públicos de salud mental, asignados a (i) grupo experimental de intervención PIPATIC o (ii) grupo de control de Terapia Cognitivo Conductual estándar (TCC). La intervención se evaluó en las fases pre, durante y post-tratamiento. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ninguno de los grupos en la fase de pretratamiento. En relación con las diferentes intervenciones examinadas, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las pruebas previas y posteriores en las siguientes variables: trastornos comórbidos, habilidades interpersonales y medidas de los terapeutas. Ambos grupos experimentaron una reducción significativa de los síntomas relacionados con el IGD, aunque el grupo PIPATIC experimentó mejoras significativas más relevantes tanto en el IGD cómo en el resto de variables examinadas. Discusión y conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que el programa PIPATIC ha estimulado cambios más significativos en el tratamiento del IGD y sus síntomas comórbidos y habilidades sociales que la TCC. Por otro lado, cabe remarcar que la TCC estándar también consiguió mejoras en los participantes respecto al uso de videojuegos y la sintomatología del IGD. En consecuencia, el uso de un enfoque integrador que cuyo foco de intervención refiera tanto al IGD cómo a los síntomas comórbidos, las habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales y la psicoterapia familiar parece resultar más efectivo en facilitar cambios psicológicos en adolescente que un foco de intervención únicamente centrado en abordar el trastorno adictivo.
- Perfiles de personas jugadoras de videojuegos y coocurrencia de abuso de videojuegos, trastorno de juego y consumo de sustancias:análisis por tipo de videojuegos(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Jáuregui Bilbao, Paula; Aurrekoetxea Casaus, MaiteVideo games abuse is a behaviour of increasing prevalence that may vary depending on the type of video game, and may co-occur with other addictions such as gambling disorder or substance use disorder. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the co-occurrence of video game abuse with these behaviours as a function of age, sex, and academic performance, and to analyse these profiles depending on which the main video game that used is (Fornite, FIFA, or other video games). The sample comprised 393 video game users (18-36 years old; 21.6% were female and 76.8% male). The results showed greater degrees of gambling disorder in males and greater degrees of video game and substance abuse in repeaters of 2 or more courses. Regarding age, older participants showed a greater use of offline card and sports betting, online lottery, cocaine, and speed, and younger participants showed greater use of energy drinks and video games, especially in Fortnite users, in which video game abuse was related with substance abuse. In the case of FIFA users, there was a significant relationship of video game abuse with gambling disorder. In this group, gambling disorder and substance abuse showed a significant relationship with sports betting. These results draw differential profiles which are of interest for prevention and intervention.
- Digitalidad y adicción:experiencias y reflexiones(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Carbonell, Xavier
- Reflexiones a raíz del Covid-19 y la Ley del juego y prevención de la ludopatía de la Comunitat Valenciana (Ley 1/2020, de 11 de junio):(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2020) Santolaya Ochando, F.
