Log In 
Language Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. Ed inglesa. 2024. Vol. 29, no. 6
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
- Assessment of oral health-related quality of life and periodontal state in patients with end-stage renal disease: a comparison study using propensity score-matched analysis(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Kwon, Eun-Young; Joo, Ji-YoungThe purpose of this study was to examine the periodontal state and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the effect of ESRD on OHRQoL by comparison with age- and sex-matched systemic healthy controls with similar periodontal status levels. Fifty patients with ESRD and 150 healthy individuals without ESRD were recruited. Medical characteristics were recorded for the test group and periodontal examination was performed in both groups. A structured Korean version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14K) questionnaire for subjective evaluation of OHRQoL was administered. To evaluate the effect of ESRD on OHRQoL, 50 healthy controls who had been matched for age, sex, and periodontal status were selected and compared with ESRD patients by using propensity score-matched analysis. ESRD patients had significantly higher mean score of Community Periodontal Index and mean numbers of missing teeth compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Mean OHIP-14K total score and mean scores of all subdomains were significantly higher in the test group than in the controls (P < 0.05). Even after matching analysis, mean OHIP-14K total score and mean scores of subdomains were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05), except in one subdomain (physical pain). Within the limitations of this investigation, the present study showed worse periodontal state and lower level of OHRQoL in ESRD patients compared with those in healthy subjects. Through comparison with matched healthy controls, ESRD was found to have a negative effect on OHRQoL.
- Implications of p53 protein upregulation in oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Keim-del Pino, Carmen; Ramos-García, Pablo; Barros, Liliana Aparecida Pimenta de; González Moles, Miguel ÁngelThis systematic review and meta-analysis qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the current evidence on the implications of p53 upregulation in oral lichen planus (OLP) assessed by immunohistochemical techniques, in order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in the behavior of OLP as an oral potentially malignant disorder. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for studies published before February-2024. We critically assessed the methodological quality of primary-level studies and performed meta-analyses. Twenty-four individual studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 721 OLP samples, in which the expression of p53 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. Most OLP displayed p53 protein upregulation (pooled proportion [PP]= 66.76%, 95%CI=54.84-77.76). Regarding the magnitude of association analysis, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases showed a significantly higher frequency according to p53 expression in comparison to OLP (OR=2.79, 95%CI=1.84-4.24; p<0.001); while, OLP exhibited a significantly higher frequency for p53 expression in comparison to healthy controls (OR=5.70, 95%CI=2.90-11.19; p<0.001). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the frequent p53 protein upregulation in patients with OLP, which is probably indicating an antitumor response in an epithelium whose cells are under cellular stress and at risk of cancer.
- Evaluation of a new mouthwash formulated with Chlorhexidine and Cymenol after a scaling and root planing treatment in grade I and II periodontal patients(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Hermida Cabrera, Paula; Aguilera, Felipe-Rodrigo; Vivancos Cuadras, Fernando; Ferrá-Domingo, Lourdes; Torres Lagares, Daniel; Gutiérrez Pérez, José Luis; Pereira-Riveros, Tanya; Vinuesa Aumedes, Teresa; Serrera Figallo, María Angeles; Baus Domínguez, MaríaPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. According to WHO in 2022, severe periodontal disease will affect around 19% of the adult population worldwide. Its risk factors include the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm and the susceptibility of the host’s immune system, among others. Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestational age. It also has a multifactorial origin and it’s associated with risk factors such as intrauterine and extrauterine infections. There is a possibility that periodontal disease in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm birth through hematogenous pathways or the presence and intervention of inflammatory mediators. Through a systematic review of existing scientific articles from 2014 to 2024, five randomized clinical trials were selected, including a total of 1984 pregnant patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Half of these patients received non-surgical treatment, while the other half did not, aiming to evaluate a possible association between periodontal disease and/or its treatment and the occurrence of preterm birth. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane “RoB 2” tool, and finally, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the results obtained in the selected studies. Four articles showed a trend favoring non-surgical periodontal treatment as a preventive measure for preterm birth. These articles accounted for 92.2% of the total weight, while the remaining 7.85% corresponded to the single article that did not favor the treatment. However, none of the articles showed statistically significant results. There is no demonstrated association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm birth. On the other hand, there is a slightly favorable trend towards non-surgical periodontal treatment during pregnancy as a measure to reduce the incidence of preterm birth, but it’s not statistically significant. To obtain a definitive answer, more randomized clinical trials following similar study and design parameters are needed.
- Improved quality of life after Ibandronic acid infusion in patients suffering from diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the jaw(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Frank, Thomas; Dewenter, Ina; Otto, Sven; Siegmund, Birte Julia; Smolka, Wenko; Hildebrandt, Tim; Obermeier, Katharina TheresaQuality of life research with respect to patient reported outcomes (PROs) other than pain has not yet been conducted in the field of Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate changes in quality of life regarding 34 subjective parameters in patients with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis after intravenous Ibandronic acid administration (6mg). 15 patients (11 female, 4 male) with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) treated with 6mg of Ibandronic acid completed the standardized questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-H&N35, OHIP-G 14) considering quality of life before and two weeks after infusion. All 15 patients reported a significantly improved quality of life after administration of Ibandronate. Patients reported improvements in oral health associated quality of life as well as reduction of pain and intake of analgesics. In addition patients reported a significant improvement in fatigue, sexuality, social interactions, emotional, cognitive and role functioning. Furthermore patients reported an improvement in mouth opening, weight loss and loss of appetite as well as a reduction of speech and swallowing problems. Moreover, insomnia occurred less frequently after bisphosphonate infusions. The study evaluates patients subjectively benefit from a standardized Ibandronic acid regimen. A significantly improved quality of life after administration of Ibandronate was observed in all 15 patients.
- Pigmented contact cheilitis: a systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Figueiredo, Amanda dos Santos; Braz, Gabriel Lima; Garcia, Francielli Fernandez; Moreno, Laura Barreto; Soares, Alini; Calderipe, Camila; Uchoa Vasconcelos, Ana CarolinaOur objective was to carry out a systematic review of available data regarding pigmented contact cheilitis (PCC). Electronic searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and LILACS electronic databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. A total of 2070 articles were retrieved, with 7 of them reporting PCC cases. Female individuals (n=6/85.7%) were more affected, with a mean age of 32±15.4 years (range: 22-47 years). Ricinoleic acid and gum ester were the most frequently observed allergic compounds, each present in two cases. Three patients had lesions in both lips (42.8%), while three other patients (42.8%) had lesions only in the lower lip. All reported cases presented with multiple pigmented lesions (n=7/100.0%). Associated symptoms involved itching, scaling, swelling, erythema, vesicles and papules. The mean evolution time was 13.5±15.6 months (range: 2-36 months), and the average follow-up time was 12±0 months. This is a condition that often scares the patient due to the unexpected appearance of hyperpigmentation. For this reason, the information transmitted in this review is expected to be relevant so that the health professional can include PCC in their list of differential diagnoses.
- Head and neck myofibroma: a case series of 16 cases and literature review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) de Souza, Lucas-Lacerda; Fonseca, Felipe Paiva; Lopez-de-Cáceres, Cinthia Verónica Bardález; Soares, Ciro Dantas; Gurgel, Alberto da Costa; Rebelo-Pontes, Hélder-Antônio; Corrêa Pontes, Flávia Sirotheau; Paradela, Carolina Almeida; Correia-Neto, Ivan-José; Kalinin, Yuri; Lopes, Márcio Ajudarte; Santos Silva, Alan Roger; Almeida, Oslei Paes de; Vargas, Pablo Agustín; Robinson, Liam; van Heerden, Willie F. P.This study aimed to explore the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of myofibromas (MFs) affecting the head and neck region. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients diagnosed with MFs in the head and neck were retrieved from the archives of three oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories. Data including clinical, radiographic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, treatment employed, and follow-up status were retrieved from the patient's medical records or pathology reports. Sixteen cases were included in the study. Females were slightly more affected than males. The first and second decades of life were more prevalent. The most common locations were the alveolar ridge and cheek. Although rare, some of the patients were presented with intraosseous lesions. Microscopically, tumors consisted of plump, spindle-shaped myofibroblasts arranged in whorls or fascicles with varying degrees of differentiation. Immunohistochemically, diffuse positivity for vimentin and α-SMA was observed, while Ki-67 mostly showed low immunoreactivity (<5%). Treatment primarily involved complete excision. MFs in the head and neck region are rare and predominantly affect female patients during the second decade of life. Despite their rarity, central MFs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in infants.
- Clinicopathologic characteristics of young patients with lip squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Curioso, Pedro Augusto Bulhões; Correia-Neto, Ivan-José; de Souza, Lucas-Lacerda; Santos, Edilmar-de Moura; Vargas, Pablo Agustín; Santos Silva, Alan Roger; Lopes, Márcio AjudarteThis retrospective study investigates the clinicopathological features and outcomes of young and elderly patients diagnosed with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Data from LSCC patients from Dr. Luiz Antonio Hospital in Natal, Brazil (2000-2015) were analyzed, grouping individuals below 40 and above 60 years old. Demographics, lifestyle habits, clinicopathologic characteristics, and treatment outcomes were examined using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A total of 47 patients was analyzed, being 20 younger and 27 older, finding significant age-related differences (p = < 0.0001). Although in both groups the tumor was more common in males, older patients had a higher rate of females (29.6%) (p=0.0358) and smoking (70.4%) (p = 0.0043) and underwent more modalities of treatments (p = 0.0027). There were no significant differences in the other analyzed clinicopathologic factors, and survival rates did not differ significantly, though younger patients showed slightly better survival metrics in univariate analysis. LSCC exhibits some distinct clinicopathological features across different age groups, with significant differences in treatment modalities and progression rates. Age-specific approaches may be required to optimize treatment outcomes.
- Prevalence and risk factors of chronic oral complications in head and neck cancer therapies: a retrospective study(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Benito-Ramal, Eloy; Camacho-Mourelo, Alex; González Navarro, Beatriz; López López, José; Jané Salas, EnricOncological therapy can trigger various complications and side effects in certain tissues, such as the oral cavity, inducing a direct or indirect impact on basic functions and the patient's quality of life. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of chronic oral complications of oncological treatments in patients with head and neck cancer and assess their possible relationship with risk indicators associated with the patient, the tumor, and the treatment. A retrospective, single-center, observational pilot cohort study was designed at the Dental Hospital of the University of Barcelona, involving patients with head and neck cancer who underwent surgery, non-surgical oncological therapy (radiotherapy/chemotherapy/immunotherapy), or combined therapy. Medical histories were analyzed, and data related to demographics, toxic, hygienic, and dietary habits, systemic and oral health status, characteristics of cancer and its treatment, and registered chronic oral complications were collected. The results were expressed in descriptive measures (means, standard deviations, counts, prevalence, and 95% confidence intervals), and for statistical associations, parametric and non-parametric tests were used. The overall prevalence of chronic oral complications was 92.57%. Dental disease (81.14%), periodontal disease (65.14%), and hyposalivation/xerostomia (62.86%) showed the highest prevalence. Advanced age, certain cancer locations, advanced cancer stages, and oncological therapy including radiotherapy were significantly associated with the presence and number of complications. The elevated noticed prevalence necessitates rigorous monitoring and preventive care. The combination of risk factors can significantly contribute to oral complications. Understanding these factors services dentists establish protocols for preventing, diagnosing, and treating oncology patients.
- Prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index and systemic inflammation response index for oral cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Yang, Shaowei; Fei, ChenyanThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) are commonly used prognostic indicators for a variety of cancers. However, their utility in oral cancers is unknown. We systematically examined evidence on the ability of SII and SIRI to predict overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after oral cancers. Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for oral cancer studies reporting OS or DFS based on SII or SIRI. Articles published up to 25th May 2024 were included. 17 studies were eligible (14 on SII and 3 on SIRI). Pretreatment high SII scores were found to be significantly linked with poor OS (HR: 1.62 95% 1.26, 2.08 I2=88%) and DFS (HR: 1.62 95% 1.25, 2.27 I2=86%) after oral cancer. Similarly, high SIRI was associated with worse OS in oral cancer patients (HR: 1.60 95% 1.31, 1.94 I2=0%). All results were unchanged on sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis based on location, cancer type, sample size, treatment, cut-off, methods of determining cut-off, analysis method, and study quality showed mixed results. Acknowledging the limitations of current evidence, it seems that both SII and SIRI can predict the prognosis of oral cancers. High SII and SIRI are both associated with worse OS while high SII also predicts worse DFS.
- Spontaneous bone regeneration in segmental mandibular defects: a systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Wei, Tai; Fan, Ying-Ying; Li, Shu; Cai, Ye-Jun; Peng, Xin; Ye, PengRehabilitation for segmental mandibular defect is vital for mastication function and facial aesthetics. Interestingly spontaneous bone regeneration after segmental mandibulectomy sporadically occurs to avoid further bony rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the potential of spontaneous bone regeneration in the treatment of mandibular defects. An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Online Library, and Cochrane Library databases to identify eligible studies. Critical appraisal of the included articles was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. A total of 35 studies, including 60 patients, that investigated spontaneous bone regeneration after segmental mandibulectomy were included. Among these patients, 39 (65%) were male and 21 (35%) were female, with a mean age of 20.81 ± 16.38 years. Periosteum was completely and partially preserved during mandibulectomy in 25 and 13 patients, respectively. Continuous bone regeneration between mandibular stumps was observed in 53 (88.3%) patients during follow-up. Although the mandibular stump was not stabilized in 13 (21.67%) patients, continuous bony regeneration still occurred, with a mean recovery period of 30.29 months. This was significantly greater than the overall average recovery time of 19.87 months. Spontaneous bone regeneration could occur in segmental mandibular defects, particularly in young patients with intact periosteum and rigid mandibular stump fixation.
- Association between oral lichen planus and sleep quality: a systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Wegner, Éverton; Sander Koth, Valesca; Salum, Fernanda; Cherubini, KarenThis study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality and oral lichen planus (OLP). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. The inclusion criteria used in the literature search consisted of studies that investigated sleep quality in patients with OLP, without language or publication time restrictions. The outcome measures included sleep quality, expressed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and General Health Questionnaire scores. A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS and Scopus. Another search in Google Scholar and manual search through the references as well were performed up to January 2024. Bias risk was determined using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Four observational case-control studies with a total of 1125 participants were identified. Mean age ranged between 40 and 65.2 years, and all participants were over 18 years old. In all studies, OLP patients had higher sleep disturbance scores than control groups (p<.05). Patients with erosive OLP type had higher mean scores for insomnia. Even though the results disclose an association between OLP and sleep disturbances, the evidence for such association is limited, because of the small number of studies published and their heterogeneity.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin on dental extraction(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Wang, Xu; Xin, Fu; Zhou, SiweiDental extraction is the most common oral surgery, but it leads to the remodelling of the socket, such that an implant is required for repair. We performed meta-analysis to determine whether leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) improves dental extraction. Following a search of Scopus, Web of science, ProQuest and PubMed, six relevant studies were included (239 patients treated with L-PRF after dental extraction). The results provide higher percentage of bone formation after dental extraction in L-PRF implant patients with a mean difference of -13.16 (-15.89, -10.43) than control. Socket filling and horizontal width were also higher in the L-PRF implant group. A sub-group meta-analysis showed a significantly higher healing index 7 and 14 days after dental extraction in the L-PRF-treated group. The VAS score for pain stimuli was lower in the L-PRF group with a mean difference of 1.26 (1.00, 1.51) than control group; the difference in the heterogeneity of the studies was significant. These results show that L-PRF prevents ridge formation by improving the percentage of bone formation and socket width (improved horizontal width and socket filling). In such patients, the healing index was higher and the VAS score for pain stimuli lower than in the control group.
- Digital quantification of soft tissue volumetric changes after scaling and root planning(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Vallejos-Juárez, Irene; Fons Font, Antonio; Agustín Panadero, Rubén; González Angulo, Eva; Pérez Barquero, J. Alonso; Fons Badal, CarlaMonitoring the outcome and evolution of periodontitis treatment requires analyzing changes in the periodontium. However, traditional methods for analyzing volumetric changes in periodontal soft tissues have limitations due to their invasiveness or inaccuracy. The aim of this study was to measure the volumetric changes in periodontal tissues following scaling and root planing treatment using digital methods, such as the superimposition of pre- and post-treatment STL files The study started with an initial periodontal examination and intraoral scanning. Periodontal treatment was then performed, and at the one-month re-evaluation, the same records were repeated. Finally, the clinical data and STL files of pre- and post-treatment scans were compared. in terms of clinical data, there was a mean decrease in probing depth of 0.34 ± 0.54 mm and a significant decrease in bleeding rate. Digital measurements showed a mean loss in height of 0.196 ± 0.188 mm and width of 0.344 ± 0.338 mm. Quantifying periodontal tissue changes after scaling and root planing was possible by superimposing STL files. Post-treatment gingival tissue shrinkage occurred in both height and width, which was not visible with conventional recordings.
- The role of surgical navigation in computer-assisted mandibular reconstruction: is it necessary?(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Soh, Hui Yuh; Shen, Shi Yue; Yu, Yao; Liu, Shuo; Hu, Lei Hao; Peng, Xin; Zhang, Wen-BoAccurate mandibular reconstruction following tumor ablation is important yet challenging. While computer-assisted surgery and surgical navigation have been applied widely in maxillofacial reconstruction, the accuracy and the efficacy remain debaTable due to the native mobile nature. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and accuracy of mandibular reconstruction aided by different types of adjunctive computer-assisted techniques with or without intraoperative navigation. Patients with anterior and/or lateral mandibular defects who underwent microvascular mandibular reconstruction aided by adjunct computer-assisted techniques, with or without intraoperative navigation were assessed. The deviations in spatial alignment of the bony segments between the pre-operative and post-operative datasets were measured to evaluate the overall surgical outcomes and accuracy. Independent t-test was performed and p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant. A total of 93 patients with L/LC or LCL defects who underwent microvascular mandibular reconstruction aided by adjunct computer-assisted techniques with or without surgical navigation were assessed. No significant difference was observed when comparing the mean differences between the preoperative and postoperative intercondylar and intergonial distance in both navigation-assisted and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) groups. There were also no significant differences noted among the different mandibular defects, osteosynthesis plates and types of free flap. Accurate mandibular reconstruction following tumor resection can be achieved by incorporating intraoperative navigation and adjunctive methods such as computer-assisted techniques and our innovative device, mandibular fixation device.
- Efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein in comparison with autogenous bone in regeneration of ameloblastoma bone defects. A systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Santos, Willmar Yeraldo Pelegrin-De-Los; Benito-Ramal, Eloy; Toledano-Serrabona, Jorge; Sánchez Garcés, María ÁngelesTo evaluate the evidence comparing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and autogenous bone grafts (ABGs) for regenerating bone defects from ameloblastoma. An electronic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus from October to December 2023, supplemented by manual searches and review of relevant study reference lists. Cohen’s kappa was calculated to assess the interrater reliability between two independent investigators. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the selected articles was assessed using the JBI checklist for case series and the NOS for observational studies. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Cohen’s kappa (κ) value resulted in 98.21% agreement. A total of 229 participants were included. The BMPs were evaluated in five studies, and four evaluated the ABGs. The BMPs has been tested in 25.76% of the patients, while ABGs were studied in 74.24%. In order to evaluate the final result of regeneration, all the studies based their analysis on postoperative questionnaires, radiographical (CBCT and/or panoramic) and/or clinical examination. The results showed a higher regeneration success rate in the studies where the BMPs was used. Considering the limitations of the studies and the review, it has been shown that BMPs may yield favorable outcomes in terms of bone regeneration, as compared with ABGs.
- Is there an association between periodontal disease and infertility? A systematic review(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Márquez-Arrico, Cecilia-Fabiana; Silvestre Donat, Francisco Javier; Fernández-Reyes, Meylin; Silvestre Rangil, Javier; Rocha Barajas, MilagrosToday, idiopathic infertility is becoming more frequent, affecting more than 186 million people in the world. The presence of comorbidities makes patient management complex, requiring individualized infertility treatment. Periodontal diseases could contribute negatively to the management of infertility, increasing inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance, and contributing negatively to the development and progression of comorbidities associated with these two entities. The aim of this systematic review is to explore whether there is an association between periodontal diseases and male and female infertility and deepen into the possible mechanisms underlying this association. The studies analyzed in this research included a total of 4871 patients (732 men and 4139 women), were original studies with high quality, mostly with a control group. Authors who have investigated idiopathic infertility suggest that infertility is associated with diseases that present low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome), which are in turn related to periodontal diseases. A higher prevalence of periodontal disease was found in patients with infertility compared with controls. Periodontal diseases could initially be mediated by a local and systemic proinflammatory environment, which favors a pro-oxidant state, leading to oxidative stress and, finally, irreversible destruction of the periodontal tissue. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation are present in the pathologies associated with an increase in the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases (such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome). Therefore, IR, low-grade chronic inflammation and the oxidative stress could be the pathophysiological mechanisms linking idiopathic infertility and periodontal diseases. Studies suggest an association between infertility and periodontitis. Future researches are necessary to find causality factors. Studying the patient in a global and multidisciplinary way could help in the management and treatment of idiopathic infertility.
- Relationship between periodontal disease and preterm birth. A systematic review and meta-analysis(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Montoya Carralero, José Mª; Ávila-Villasmil, Rebeca; Sánchez Pérez, Arturo J.; Jornet García, Alfonso; Terrer-Alonso, Enrique; Moya Villaescusa, María JoséPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. According to WHO in 2022, it affects around 19% of the adult population worldwide. Its risk factors include the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm and the susceptibility of the host’s immune system, among others. Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestational age. It also has a multifactorial origin and it’s associated with risk factors such as intrauterine and extrauterine infections. There is a possibility that periodontal disease in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm birth through hematogenous pathways or the presence and intervention of inflammatory mediators. Through a systematic review of existing scientific articles from 2014 to 2024, five randomized clinical trials were selected, including a total of 1984 pregnant patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Half of these patients received non-surgical treatment, while the other half did not, aiming to evaluate a possible association between periodontal disease and/or its treatment and the occurrence of preterm birth. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane “RoB 2” tool, and finally, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the results obtained in the selected studies. Four articles showed a trend favoring non-surgical periodontal treatment as a preventive measure for preterm birth. These articles accounted for 92.2% of the total weight, while the remaining 7.85% corresponded to the single article that did not favor the treatment. However, none of the articles showed statistically significant results. There is no demonstrated association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm birth. On the other hand, there is a slightly favorable trend towards non-surgical periodontal treatment during pregnancy as a measure to reduce the incidence of preterm birth, but it’s not statistically significant. To obtain a definitive answer, more randomized clinical trials following similar study and design parameters are needed.
- Embracing technological revolution: a panorama of machine learning in dentistry(Medicina Oral S.L., 2024) Lin, Huili; Chen, Jun; Hu, Yinyi; Li, WenjieThe overarching aim of this study is to furnish dental experts and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the role of machine learning in dentistry. This entails a nuanced understanding of prevailing technologies, discerning emerging trends, and providing strategic guidance for future research endeavors and practical implementations. We assessed the literature by looking for papers related to the issue after 2019 in the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A narrative review of 29 papers satisfying the search criteria was undertaken, with an emphasis on the application of machine learning in dentistry. A review was conducted, including 29 publications. The advent of emerging technologies holds promise for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of oral disease diagnosis and outcome prediction mandates acknowledgment of variables such as individual idiosyncrasies, lifestyle, genetics, image quality, and tooth morphology. These factors may impact the precision of machine learning models. Dental professionals should not rely solely on AI-based results but rather use them as references. Integrating these findings with clinical examinations, assessing the patient's overall health, and oral condition is crucial for informed decision-making. This review explores the clinical applications of machine learning in dentistry, encompassing disciplines like cariology, endodontics, periodontology, oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics and orthodontics. It serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners and scholars in understanding the computer algorithms employed in each study, facilitating the clinical translation of machine learning research outcomes.
