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Language Gaceta internacional de ciencias forenses. 2020. No. 35
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- Interés médico-legal de las huellas de mordedura humana en la investigación criminal(2020) Gómez, Clarisa YaninaLas huellas de mordedura tienen un valor legal importante en los casos de maltrato físico, abuso sexual en niños, violaciones, riñas y en otros asuntos criminales, ya que los dientes pueden ser utilizados como un arma adicional debido a la fuerza de los músculos masticadores y la dureza de las piezas dentarias. Las huellas pueden encontrarse tanto en el cuerpo de la víctima como del victimario, y aun en alimentos. En este aspecto es necesario aclarar algunas cuestiones relacionadas con la recolección de las muestras, las impresiones, fijación de las mismas y el cotejo para excluir o no a un sospechoso. También es necesario describir que tipo de lesión genera la mordedura humana para poder identificarla correctamente. El trabajo presente tiene como objetivos los siguientes: evidenciar la importancia de la participación del perito odontólogo en el equipo científico de criminalística; generar un conocimiento en las ciencias criminalísticas y odontológicas, mediante una revisión bibliográfica, sobre el valor de las huellas de mordedura humana en la investigación criminal como indicio probatorio para la identificación de un sujeto.
- Manchas de sangre y sus soportes. Cambios morfológicos de los patrones(2020) Hernández Moreno, MaríaThe morphology of bloodstains presented in criminal scenes is determined, both by blood factors and their characteristics as a fluid, and by external elements such as the mechanism that generates it, the air resistance and the type of surface against which it impacts. The nature of the support can directly affect the appearance of a bloodstain. Therefore, passive spots have been developed on 14 surfaces with diverse and opposite characteristics. In this way we can determine the degree of direct influence exerted on the blood and its morphology. The results prove that the type of surface is key and decisive in the final appearance of each bloodstain, and that their specific characteristics can blur the macula and cause possible mistakes in its interpretation, so it is necessary to emphasize the importance of taking these latest data into consideration to facilitate the development of police investigations when applying the study to a crime scene, improving the understanding of the phenomenon.
- Ejecuciones extrajudiciales. Su tipificación como delito independiente del homicidio simple en el ordenamiento penal venezolano(2020) Araujo Cuauro, Juan CarlosPurpose: The right to life is the most sacred guarantee for all human beings, it is a fundamental human right. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to characterize extrajudicial executions in their classification as a crime of protected persons independent of the crime of common or aggravated homicide in the Venezuelan criminal system. Description: a legal, descriptive-analytical investigation of five emblematic cases for Venezuelan society is carried out, which allows to determine and characterize in a precise way a new crime in the internal substantive legal system, since within the criminal legislation there are sufficient criminal types that protect the legal assets of life, freedom and integrity. Focus: on the one hand, the report of the five most emblematic cases of extrajudicial executions allegedly executed by the security organs of the Venezuelan State through police and military entities is striking. During the years 2014-2019. And on the other hand, the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which documents more than 6,800 extrajudicial executions by Venezuelan security forces. Point of view: however, the problem arises when the application of the criminal law to the crime of homicide of protected persons, materializes as a common or aggravated homicide, violating International Humanitarian Law enshrined in treaties and conventions ratified by Venezuela. Conclusion: Therefore, its classification and insertion of the crime of extrajudicial execution in the Venezuelan criminal system, under the legal figures of aggravated homicide or homicide in a protected person, as an independent figure of the crime of homicide.
