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Language Revista Española de Drogodependencias. Vol. 47, no. 4
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- Consecuencias jurídico-penales de los comportamientos relacionados con el cannabis: posicionamientos doctrinales y criterios jurisprudenciales:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Germán Mancebo, IsabelBehaviours related to cannabis, including its consumption, possession and cultivation, must comply with the provisions of the legal system, otherwise they could constitute an administrative offence or even a criminal offence. The confusion between administrative and criminal regulation, together with a tolerant social attitude towards cannabis, could partly explain the erroneous belief that these behaviours are always fully legitimate. This article will address the criminal legal regulation of behaviours related to this substance - which the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court considers to be a drug that does not cause serious harm to health -, examining some of the most controversial issues that arise in judicial practice, especially in relation to cannabis associations and social clubs, such as the possible application of the doctrine of shared consumption or the error of prohibition, taking into account the most recent jurisprudential criteria in this area.
- El uso terapéutico del cannabis y los cannabinoides:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Silva, João; Carvalho, FélixLos cannabinoides se dirigen principalmente al sistema endocannabinoide (ECS), que surge como un objetivo terapéutico potencialmente interesante debido a su importante papel en la modulación de procesos biológicos clave en todo el organismo. Como tal, los cannabinoides ya se han propuesto como, por ejemplo, antieméticos, agentes antiespásticos, estimulantes del apetito, antiepilépticos, analgésicos, depresores de la presión intraocular o como agentes para controlar los trastornos del movimiento en el síndrome de Tourette. Aquí revisamos las pruebas de investigación disponibles sobre el uso del cannabis y los cannabinoides para un conjunto de aplicaciones terapéuticas sugeridas, y abordamos algunos de los riesgos a corto y largo plazo que se han correlacionado con el uso de estas sustancias. Encontramos escasas pruebas científicas que apoyen el uso de productos basados en el cannabis para la mayoría de las aplicaciones sugeridas, así como ninguna necesidad médica no satisfecha que no esté ya abordada por los medicamentos existentes (algunos basados en cannabinoides) en el mercado. En este escenario, los riesgos potenciales asociados al uso crónico de estas sustancias pueden disuadir su uso médico.
- Sustratos genéticos de la psicosis asociada al cannabis:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Quattrone, DiegoThis paper will summarise the main substrates of cannabis-associated psychoses. First, an epistemological framework will be introduced to support the existence of a specific ?cannabisassociated psychosis? as a nosological entity distinct from idiopathic schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Then, the main clinical characteristics of cannabis-associated psychoses will be examined. Finally, the biological and genetic correlates of cannabis-associated psychosis will be presented.
- Menores y consumo de cannabis: un análisis por género y edad:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Rial Boubeta, Antonio; Otero, Francisco; Liñares Mariñas, David; Feijóo, Sandra S.; Sanmartín, María Isabel; Isorna Folgar, ManuelCannabis use continues to be one of the main public health problems in the Spanish and European youth population. The current high prevalence of consumption is compounded by new formats and new consumption rituals, significantly higher THC levels and particularly early age of onset, which is of growing social concern, especially when referring to adolescents. The present study, carried out with a sample of almost 4,000 students aged 12 to 17 years in the Galician community, not only allows us to confirm the high levels of consumption at early ages and alarming rates of problematic consumption, but also shows the interesting interaction between gender and age variables, which occurs in the initial phases of consumption. Assuming that in general terms there may or may not be gender differences in cannabis use implies ignoring the role of gender norms and roles in the socialization processes of adolescents. More specifically, significantly higher levels of consumption and problematic use (assessed through the CAST) have been found among girls at 14-15 years of age, with a progressive masculinization of cannabis use from that age onwards. These results have interesting implications for the design of new prevention strategies and policies.
- Consecuencias del consumo de cannabis. Revisión narrativa:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Ferri Reig, Vicente R.; Sánchez Perona, Carmen María; Vaswani Bulchand, Aarati; Galicia Paredes, Miguel; Burillo Putze, GuillermoCannabis is the third most widely used drug worldwide, after alcohol and tobacco. In the current environment, with pressures for its legalisation, a narrative review was carried out based on recent literature to update the evidence on the effects of its recreational use. Nineteen articles on consequences at the organ level and six on harmful actions in the psychiatric sphere were selected. At the organ level, there is an association between cannabis use and cardiovascular pathology (AMI, stroke, arrhythmias and sudden death); at the respiratory level, there is an association with chronic bronchitis and altered lung volumes. Oncological risk has been seen with non-seminoma testicular cancer and increased likelihood of developing primary oropharyngeal cancer. In pregnancy, there is an association with the risk of low birth weight and increased neonatal ICU admissions. At the cognitive level, impairments in memory, attention and processing, as well as in driving have been demonstrated. At the psychiatric level, a relationship between cannabis use and the development of schizophrenia, psychosis and anxiety, together with depression, has been observed, with no change in their frequency and clinical presentation in the last 5 years.
- Visibilización de las estrategias de rebranding y captura corporativa de la salud pública por la industria del cannabis:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Isorna Folgar, Manuel; Villanueva Blasco, Víctor J.When policies affect commercial determinants of health, such as alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, it is known as corporate capture of public health. The aim of the study was to make visible the strategies promoting cannabis cultivation, consumption and regulation oriented towards industry-friendly regulation, to the detriment of public health. An exploratory qualitative design was followed using a purposive sample from the various information channels used by the cannabis industry. The rebranding and corporate capture strategies found are based on: (a) economic development arguments to justify its expansion and lax regulation; (b) promotion of a positive image of cannabis by associating its use with health and wellbeing purposes; (c) promotion of a more acceptable social image of the consumer, the self-cultivator and even the seller; (d) consumer recruitment and loyalty through products derived from film, television or video games, and especially through influencers; e) advertising and event sponsorship gifts aimed at the ?tarjet? of potential consumers; f) the dissemination of fake news suggesting that cannabis cures diseases; and, g) distorting processes affecting cannabis research, when funding comes from the cannabis industry. These findings highlight the cannabis industry?s corporate capture actions aimed at blocking or delaying public health measures that are contrary to its economic interests.
- Abordaje y actualización sobre el consumo de cannabis en la población española:(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias, AESED, 2022) Isorna Folgar, ManuelEl cannabis continúa siendo la sustancia ilegal más consumida tanto en España, como en el conjunto de los países de la Unión Europea. Se estima que más de 22 millones de adultos europeos han consumido cannabis en el último año, el 1% de los adultos europeos prácticamente a diario, siendo ese porcentaje en el caso de España más del doble (2,1%) (Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicomanías, 2022).
