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Language Eu-topías : revista de interculturalidad, comunicación y estudios europeos. 2020. Nº 19
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- Chillida y la poesía(2020) Janés, ClaraFor Chillida, the word poetry has above all a genesic sense, and he resorts to it precisely when dealing with creation: «Aren?t construction and poetry essential components of all the arts?» If, for the physicist Minkowski, when the poet speaks «he returns to being the energy of an origin» (something intangible related to time), construction (linked to space) brings us closer when Heidegger says: «To be work is to establish a world». That?s why construction and poetry cover both things together. Chillida soon makes contact with Heidegger and writes an intense book with him entitled El arte y el espacio (Art and Space), but he also pays homage to the poet Jorge Guillén, seduced by his verse: «The deepest thing is air». On the other hand, since poetry is linked to music, where, says Walter Pater, «no distinction is made between matter and form», Chillida also approaches it. As a consequence, together with his homage to Saint John of the Cross, we find the one dedicated to John Sebastian Bach. Thus his works can be called: Rumour of Limits, Sound Spaces, Music of the Spheres, Vibrations...
- Modernizando la nación : Democracia y autoritarismo en el comité fílmico de la industria petrolera (Venezuela, 1947-1951)(2020) Colmenares, María GabrielaAfter the 1943 Oil Act, petroleum companies working in Venezuela aligned themselves with the emerging elites and their moderate nationalism, and projected themselves as essential to Venezuela?s progress by establishing public relations departments, social and cultural responsibility agendas (Tinker Salas, 2009), and film programs that targetted their work force and Venezuelan population. The Film Action Committee of the Oil Industry (1947-1951) was the first of these ventures. In this article, I will analyze Venezuela elige su destino (Gunther von Fritsch, 1948) y Vialidad, símbolo de progreso (Arteries of Progress, Henwar Rodakiewicz, 1950), both made by the Princeton Film Center for the Film Action Comittee. Approaching them as industrial films (Hediger & Vonderau, 2009a), I will focus on their production and reception context, as well as the ways in which they represent the modernization of Venezuela according to the political views of two different regimes: the democratizing Trienio Adeco (1945-1948) and the authoritarian Decada Militar (1948-1958). Through such representations, I will show that petroleum companies challenged the Venezuelan state?s aim to present itself as the sole modernizing agent while, at the same time, submitted to its soveraignity.
- Sagrado y obsceno : entre el personaje rebelde, os tipos sociales y el color local(2020) Azuaga, RicardoPartendo del analisi del film Sagrado y Obsceno (Román Chalbaud, Venezuela, 1975) si cerca di caratterizzare il personagio del ribelle, riconoscere la presenza di tipi sociali in tutta la storia e impostare se utilizzare il couleur locale attraverso la presenza di tratti caratteristici tipici del costumbrismo contraddiccono o no la motivazione realística che sembra giustificare gran parte della forma fílmica dominante nel testo. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi saranno estabilite relazioni tra le caratteristiche del protagonista della storia e quelli del personaggio del ribelle, verrà riconosciuto il modo in cui il resto dei personaggi possono presentarsi, sia comepropri tipi sociali, così come ricreazioni di meri stereotipi dell?immaginario collettivo, per stabilire finalmente il modo in cui l?uso del costumbrismo e del couleur locale sottolinea o indebolisce le proposte narrative e concettuali presenti nel film.
- Edad y violencia en el cine. Diálogos entre estudios etarios, de género y fílmicos(2020) Pacheco Jiménez, LauraFrancisco A. Zurian, M. Isabel Menéndez Menéndez y Francisco José García-Ramos (eds.), Edad y violencia en el cine. Diálogos entre estudios etarios, de género y fílmicos. Islas Baleares: Edicions UIB, 2019, 203 págs.
- Digital interiors. The Internet Housing Policies Meet the Age of Confinement(2020) Carrera Álvarez, PilarOne of the main characteristics of today?s private and intimate environments is that they are completely pervaded by mass media, and more specifically by the spider?s web of the Internet. Through the Internet, we incessantly generate mappable traces of our opinions, desires, will, preferences, values, interests, fears, mindsets and moods, concerns, etc. If we take a quick look at our relationship with mass media screens and interfaces throughout the 20th century up to the present day, we can easily appreciate how the trend has been a sustained and progressive reduction in both physical and symbolic distance and an increasing sophistication in the forms of control through mass media technology as they have steadily penetrated the private and intimate spaces of the individual. This article analyzes some of the consequences of the increasing loss of symbolic and physical distance with mass media and informational technologies. The confinement caused by COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented restriction of public freedoms in countries with a long democratic tradition, combined with the generalization of legitimate and imperious digital surveillance undertaken in the name of the «public interest» especially through smartphones. It is the perfect example of an encapsulated and strictly media- controlled privacy accompanied by a massive, extensive and frenetic use of the Internet as the only window «open to the outside world» and the only means of contact as vicarious as it is frustrating with the other. The COVID-19 crisis has permitted the foreshadowing of the true dimension of the Internet in terms of control and social engineering, following decades of adaptation, interiorization and massive adoption of the medium by the citizenry. In this perfect storm in which two viral natures collided (that of the internet and that of COVID-19), the structural links between the Internet and socio-political isolation have become clear.
- La música o el 27(2020) Silvera, FranciscoThe simplistic identification of the «Generación del 27» with just a poetic group crashes with the complex and rich intellectual activity in Spain at the beggining of the 20th century. This article, by analizing the different destinations of the musical works from some of the composers at that time, approaches the interests behind the standard ideas about the 27 and how the modernist thinkers were obscured; how the seeming progresism of some of those poets has been used for the imposition of a reactionist historiography in order to justify the Spanish Fate, which actually has been imposed through control and repression. Maybe we have to look with new eyes the Spanish reformist vocation kept hidden under cultural myths that, in the end, perpetuates the cliche.
- Todos los monstruos de la Tierra : bestiarios del cine y de la literatura(2020) Cesarotto, OscarAdriano Messias, Todos los monstruos de la Tierra: bestiarios del cine y de la literatura. Traductor: José Luis Sans. Madrid: Punto de Vista Editores, 2020, 630 págs.
- La herencia del cine. Escritos escogidos(2020) Zunzunegui Díez, SantosPaulino Viota, La herencia del cine. Escritos escogidos (edición a cargo de Rubén García López). Madrid: Ediciones Asimétricas, 2019, 360 págs.
- Videojuegos para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y el diálogo(2020) Ranzolin, AlexandraThis article takes up the results of the research carried out by the author of other article entitled Video games in the classroom: a proposal associated with the development of critical thinking (2016). Some of the concerns generated in the study are related to the guidelines for developing a proposal for the use of video games in the classroom, associated with the development of critical thinking, in a group of young Venezuelans in school between the ages of 13 and 17. We tried to understand video games as a cultural product in the Venezuelan context, the habits of video game consumption by the subjects studied and their relationship with critical thinking and the development of dialogue processes. The starting point is the analysis of the four dimensions proposed by Lipman (1998) for the study of critical thinking and the sociocultural conception of learning and the theory of Vigotsky?s Zone of Proximal Development. From the methodological point of view, the interview was used as a technique for data collection and work was done with an intentional sample, made up of two 14-year-old adolescents, who interacted with video games of different genres. It was observed that dialogue and collaboration in the face of these technologies are spontaneous and necessary behaviors to favor problem solving and decision making; thus, the guidelines proposed by Lipman and Vigotsky are formulations that allow for orienting reflections on the possibilities that media literacy can offer for the development of critical views on the media.
- Autoritarismo y democracia : Producción cultural, resistencia y pensamiento crítico(2020) Azuaga, RicardoIntroducción al dossier. Los cuatro trabajos que se presentan a continuación pretenden ilustrar, a partir de diversas perspectivas y de cuatro manifestaciones culturales diferentes estética, espacial y temporalmente, el modo como las producciones culturales son creadas o pueden utilizarse como mecanismos de resistencia, impulsos de democratización, voces de disidencia o para promover del pensamiento crítico. Parten de lo regional ?América Latina? con una manifestación artística de reconocido prestigio como es su teatro hasta llegar a experiencias aparentemente propias del ámbito privado ?los videojuegos?, pasando por dos manifestaciones cinematográficas muy diferentes: por un lado, el cine empresarial y, por el otro, el cine de ficción con rasgos autorales.
- De los inicios de la sinfonía a Beethoven : un paradigma de construcción europea(2020) García Díaz, Emilio FernandoDurante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, la escena musical europea está protagonizada por diversos estilos instrumentales con un marcado acento nacional, resultado de la herencia del convulso siglo anterior, y que confluirán en la creación de un lenguaje instrumental que hará posible la materialización de la forma musical más importante dentro del género orquestal: la sinfonía. La obra de los grandes compositores que sentarán las bases del género sinfónico desde entonces, Haydn y Mozart principalmente, no hubiera sido la misma sin la síntesis integradora de estilos que se produce a lo largo del siglo. Distintos elementos extra musicales (filosóficos, políticos, sociales, etc.) inciden directamente en la búsqueda de un estilo europeo que armonizó lo mejor de cada tradición nacional para conformar un lenguaje que ha significado una de las producciones más importantes de nuestra historia musical. Culminado ese proceso y conocidas las consecuencias dramáticas de ese delirio racional que intentó iluminar a la sociedad europea, y que tan bien ilustró Francisco de Goya, Beethoven es capaz de sobreponerse al vacío que nos dejó el enorme desengaño de tan altos ideales, para volver a conjugar en su última sinfonía todos los elementos originales de aquella tradición dieciochesca y producir un universo sonoro que vuelve a recuperar algunos de los paradigmas más hermosos de nuestro devenir cultural. Más allá de las palabras de Schiller, este artículo intenta subrayar los elementos compositivos que se integran en la más célebre de las sinfonías beethovenianas como ejemplo inspirador para superación de las tentativas nacionalistas y los conflictos que hoy vuelven a surgir dentro de nuestro espacio europeo.
- A propósito de Destino (2003), de Salvador Dalí y Walt Disney(2020) Casanova Varela, BasilioIn this article we analyse the presence, in the animated short film Destino (2003), of some of the most recurrent plastic motifs in Salvador Dalí?s work. The soft watches, the crutches, the tingling sensation and even the most fateful or most desired of hours will be paraded through it. We shall now proceed to recount these motifs, here animated, and to give a sense of their presence both in the short film and, by extension, in the work of the painter from Figueres.
- Basado en hechos reales. Mitologías mediáticas e imaginario digital(2020) Rocco Lozano, ValerioPilar Carrera, Basado en hechos reales. Mitologías mediáticas e imaginario digital. Madrid: Cátedra, 2020, 182 págs.
- (Contra)memoria y biopolítica. En Todos tus muertos (Carlos Moreno, 2011)(2020) Pérez González, Bibiana PatriciaThe present article proposes to investigate the type of memory that is constructed in the Colombian fiction film Todos tus muertos (Moreno, 2011) about the current sociopolitical conflict in Colombia, which visualizes two biopolitical dispositives: ?forced disappearance? and ?narco-state?. This analysis shall be undertaken in the light of the concept of ?biopolitics? that is proposed by the Italian sociologist and philosopher Mauricio Lazzarato (1997), in which the public is the main object of control in our contemporary information society.
- Identidad cultural latinoamericana : la mirada heteróclita y la reivindicación del indígena(2020) Moreno, Xiomara LeticiaTwo perspectives are presented that seek to define the conception of a Latin American cultural identity. The sustained in heteroclite colonialism and, the most current, of indigenous communities. Both have been registered since the nineteenth century as possible points of view for a recognition of being culturally identifiable by each of the fragments that make up the national states in Latin America. The reflection has the support of authors such as Mariano Picón Salas, José Carlos Mariátegui, Octavio Paz, Roberto Fernández Retamar, Augusto Roa Bastos, Arturo Uslar Pietri, John Beverley, and Romny Velásquez, among other cultural academics.
