Li informem dels canals usuals corresponents per al dipòsit, articles de revista: es dipositen a través de GREC (https://www.uv.es/sbiblio/Roderic/com_dipositar_articles_GREC.pdf). Altres documents com llibres o capítols de llibre (https://www.uv.es/sbiblio/Roderic/guia_investigaci%c3%b3_2024.pdf), s’han de dipositar directament en el repositori institucional RODERIC.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2026. Vol. 18, no. 1

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The most influential cephalometric factors affecting variations in the nasolabial angle: a cross-sectional regression study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Díaz-Quevedo, André Alexis; Arriola-Guillén, Luis-Ernesto
This study aims to evaluate the most influential cephalometric values affecting variations in the nasolabial angle among a sample of Peruvian individuals.This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 111 lateral head radiographs from individuals aged 15 to 40 years for cephalometric evaluation. Two trained and calibrated researchers measured various cephalometric parameters, including the nasolabial angle, maxillary central incisor inclination (I-NA, UIPP), maxillary position (SNA, SNB, ANB), upper lip thickness (ULT), palatal plane (PP), and occlusal plane (OP) using specialized measurement software. Variables related to affiliation were also assessed. Shapiro-Wilk test and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with significance at p < 0.05.Age has a significant effect on the nasolabial angle (p = 0.017), with the angle increasing by 0.45° for each year of age. The position of the upper incisor (I-NA) also plays a significant role (p = 0.006); specifically, for every millimeter that the upper incisor moves forward, the nasolabial angle decreases by 1.94°. Additionally, the inclination of the upper incisor (UIPP) significantly influences the angle as well (p = 0.040), resulting in a decrease of 0.43° in the angle for every 1° increase in inclination. Furthermore, upper lip thickness (ULT) has a significant impact on the nasolabial angle (p = 0.002); with every millimeter increase in labial thickness, the nasolabial angle decreases by 1.57°.The nasolabial angle is primarily influenced by age, the position and inclination of the upper incisor, and the thickness of the upper lip. Orthodontists should consider this information when planning their treatments.
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Impact of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on postoperative pain in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis – a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Gurawa, Alka; Gupta, Alpa; Rayapudi, Jasmine Jaideep; Aggarwal, Vivek; Asija, Shreya
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament on postoperative pain in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis and pulp necrosis.A double-blind, prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 96 patients (48 diabetics and 48 non-diabetics) aged 30-65 years. Patients were allocated into four groups: Group A (non-diabetic with Ca(OH)2), Group B (diabetic with Ca(OH)2), Group C (non-diabetic without Ca(OH)2), and Group D (diabetic without Ca(OH)2). Endodontic treatment was performed, and postoperative pain was assessed using the Heft Parker Visual Analog Scale (HPVAS) at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc, and Kaplan-Meier survival tests.At baseline and 6 hours, pain scores were comparable across groups (p > 0.05). From 24 to 120 hours, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05), with Group A showing the fastest and most consistent pain reduction, while Group D reported the highest pain levels. Groups B and C demonstrated intermediate relief with comparable trends. By 168 hours, all groups achieved near-zero pain levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the earliest median pain relief in Group A (72 hours), delayed recovery in Groups B and C (120 hours), and the slowest in Group D.Calcium hydroxide significantly reduced postoperative pain, with the greatest benefit in non-diabetic patients. Its effect was more decisive than diabetes status, underscoring its clinical significance as a reliable intracanal medicament for managing postoperative pain in both healthy and systemically compromised patients.
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Obturation capacity of lateral canals using Thermafil® with AH Plus® and a single-cone with AH Plus Bioceramic® sealer: an in vitro study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Albero, Alberto; Davo, Giangiacomo; Collado Castellanos, Nicolás; Grau Benitez, María; Campo Rodríguez, Ángel Del; Micó Muñoz, Pedro
Lateral root canals, which often branch from the main root canal system, contain pulp tissue and may harbor pathological processes requiring endodontic intervetion. Effective identification, cleaning, and obturation of these lateral canals are crucial for the long-term success of root canal treatment. This study compares two commonly used obturation techniques: the single-cone technique using gutta-percha with AH Plus Bioceramic® sealer, and the Thermafil® technique with AH Plus® sealer.Standardized training blocks containing artificial root canal and two lateral canals (coronal and apical) were used. All canals were prepared using ProTaper Next® rotary files. Half of the samples were obturated using the single-cone technique with AH Plus Bioceramic® sealer, and the other half with the Thermafil® technique using AH Plus® sealer. Radiographs and photographs were obtained to evaluated whether lateral canals were filled, partially filled, or unfilled, and to identify the material responsible for the filling.Radiographic evaluation demonstrated successful obturation in 90% of coronal lateral canals and 56.7% of apical lateral canals, resulting in an overall success rate of 73%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the single-cone and Thermafil® techniques for either coronal or apical lateral canals (p > 0.05). Photographic assessment showed a non-significant trend toward improved apical filling with Thermafil® (p = 0.063). Coronal canals were significantly more likely to be filled than apical ones (p < 0.001). The presence of gutta-percha combined with sealer significantly increased the filling rate compared to sealer alone, particularly in apical canals treated with Thermafil® (p < 0.001).Although no significant differences were observed between techniques, Thermafil® exhibited a trend toward improved apical filling. Overall, coronal lateral canals were more successfully filled than apical canals, and the combination of gutta-percha and sealer was more effective than sealer alone.
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Anatomical variations of the mandibular buccal shelf according to sex, facial biotype, and root reference: a CBCT study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Flores-Villamarín, Estefania Patricia; Aguirre-Balseca, Mauricio; Vaca-Zapata, Marjory Elizabeth; Freitas, Karina-Maria-Salvatore; Miranda, Eduardo
To evaluate, through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the anatomical characteristics of the mandibular buccal shelf according to sex, facial biotype, hemiarch, and reference root, in order to determine bone availability for orthodontic mini-implant placement.A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 CBCT scans (480 roots) of patients aged 12-53 years. Measurements of angulation, horizontal bone thickness (4 mm and 6 mm), and vertical bone height (6 mm and 11 mm) were obtained at the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first and second molars. Statistical analyses included t-test and one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05).The distal root of the mandibular second molar exhibited the highest bone dimensions (angulation 37°, horizontal thickness 17.3 mm at 4 mm and 10.0 mm at 6 mm, vertical height 5.4 mm at 6 mm and 6.7 mm at 11 mm), establishing it as the most favorable insertion site. In contrast, the mesial root of the first molar showed the lowest values. Sex-related analysis revealed slightly greater dimensions in males, with significant differences in horizontal thickness at 4 mm and vertical height at 11 mm (p = 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed among facial biotypes or between hemiarches, although brachyfacial patients consistently showed the highest averages.The distal root of the mandibular second molar represents the most reliable anatomical site for mini-implant placement in the buccal shelf, regardless of sex or facial growth pattern. CBCT assessment remains essential for individualized planning and to minimize complications.
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Anti-resorptive therapy for osteoporosis and oral status of geriatric inpatients: a retrospective hospital-based study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Scuttenaire, Elodie; Braud, Adeline
In osteoporotic patients, eliminating any sources of oral infection is recommended prior to initiating bisphosphonate (BP) therapy, as a preventive strategy against medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Given their current state oral health status, oral disinfection before BP therapy for osteoporosis may frequently result in teeth extraction in geriatric hospitalized patients.The study purpose was to determine whether the number of teeth of geriatric hospitalized patients undergoing BP therapy for osteoporosis declined during their hospital stay. A retrospective study was conducted on medical records of patients over the age of 65 who were hospitalized at the Rothschild Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université) and referred to the Oral Surgery Department for the detection of oral infectious foci prior to initiating antiresorptive therapy, from September 2021 to July 2022. The primary outcome measured was teeth number, recorded before the start of antiresorptive therapy and at hospital discharge. Data were analyzed by using a paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary regression analysis, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.Among the study population (n=161 subjects, 120 women, mean age of 86.1±6.7 years), 84 subjects (52.1%) had oral infections foci and 45 subjects (27.9%) benefited from teeth extraction during the course of their hospitalization. Binary logistic regression showed that being aged 85 and above was a significant predictor of teeth extraction (p<0.05), with an odds ratio of 2.63 (95% CI: 1.14-6.03). The average number of teeth significantly decreased from 16.1±9.6 to 15.4±9.7 (student t-test, p0.05, ddl= 160) during the course of the hospitalization.A decline in the number of teeth was observed during hospitalization. Patients aged 85 and above had a 2.6-fold higher likelihood of tooth extraction during hospitalization than younger patients.
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Cephalometric measurements and their impact on interlabial distance in individuals with and without anterior open bite: a comparative study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Garcia-Cahuana, Leslie Nicole; Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Yalil-Augusto; Ruíz-Mora, Gustavo-Armando; Tinedo López, Pedro L.; Arriola-Guillén, Luis-Ernesto
There has been limited research on the relationship between bone, dentoalveolar structures, and lip sealing, with no comparative studies on individuals with anterior open bite (AOB). This research aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements that modify interlabial distance in individuals with and without AOB.This retrospective cross-sectional study included 110 cephalometric radiographs (55 with AOB and 55 matched controls). Eighteen cephalometric variables (9 angular and 9 linear) were measured using Blue Sky Plan 4 software (USA) by one trained and calibrated dentist. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Shapiro-Wilk test assessed normality; Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test were applied accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that modify interlabial distance (p<0.05).In the control group, significant influences were identified for several factors: maxillomandibular divergence (B=0.03, p=0.019), upper lip height (B=0.06, p=0.032), upper lip to S-line distance (B=-0.05, p=0.024), and lower lip to S-line distance (B=0.05, p=0.047). In contrast, within the AOB group, only lower facial height had a significant influence (B=0.31, p=0.047). The final multiple linear regression analysis for the whole sample showed that AOB (B=0.703, p=0.009) and lower facial height (B=0.177, p=0.027) significantly affected the interlabial gap.The interlabial gap in individuals with AOB is mainly influenced by vertical facial dimension, while in controls, maxillomandibular divergence and lip-to-S-line distances play a greater role. Moreover, AOB and increased vertical facial dimension are the most influential factors affecting the interlabial gap, highlighting the need to address both during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Root morphometry of the lateral incisor as a contributing factor to the impaction of maxillary canines: a comparative study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Castillo Alcoser, Carla Margarita; Arriola-Guillén, Luis-Ernesto; Vaca-Zapata, Marjory Elizabeth; Peñaherrera, Maria Soledad; Rodríguez-Cárdenas, Yalil-Augusto
This study aimed to evaluate root morphometry of the lateral incisor using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as an etiological factor in the occurrence of impacted maxillary canines (IMC).A total of 99 CBCT scans from individuals of both sexes were analyzed, revealing 139 impacted maxillary canines, categorized as buccal, palatal, and bicortical, across sagittal and coronal sections of the adjacent incisors (AI). Thus, 59 contralateral incisors from the non-impacted side in unilateral cases were examined. The study evaluated several parameters: sagittal root length of the lateral incisor (SRLI), coronal root length of the lateral incisor (CRLI), sagittal root dilaceration angle (SRD), coronal root dilaceration angle (CRD), sagittal root convergence angle (SRC), and coronal root convergence angle (CRC). In total, 198 lateral incisor roots were assessed. The statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, Student's t-tests, and Tukey's tests, with a significance level set at P<0.05.The study found that cases of canine impaction were more prevalent in females, with the majority being unilateral (47.5%) and located in a palatal position. Bilateral cases were predominantly buccal (52.5%) (p=0.001). Root dimensions on the impacted side were significantly smaller in the sagittal section (14.75 mm) compared to the non-impacted side (15.67 mm) (p=0.001). In the coronal section, measurements were also smaller on the impacted side (mean difference of 0.57 mm), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.082). The root lengths in both coronal and sagittal sections were shortest in the bicortical group (12.67 mm and 12.95 mm, respectively) compared to the palatal (15.34 mm coronal / 15.62 mm sagittal) and buccal (14.89 mm coronal / 15.54 mm sagittal) groups (p<0.05).Individuals with impacted maxillary canines (IMC) exhibit shorter root lengths of the adjacent lateral incisor compared to the non-impacted side, with bicortical IMC cases showing the shortest lengths, approximately 2 mm shorter than other types of impactions. Orthodontists should consider this condition when planning treatments involving IMC.
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The effect of resin-modified glass ionomer containing bacterial cellulose nanocrystal as a base on the fracture resistance of class ii restorations
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Moradian, Marzieh; Saadat, Maryam; Khoubani, Milad
Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) are commonly used as base materials in restorative dentistry due to their fluoride release and chemical bonding properties. Incorporating bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) into RMGIC may improve its mechanical properties, especially fracture resistance (FR), which is critical in Class II restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BCNC-reinforced RMGIC on the fracture resistance and fracture patterns mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored premolars using the sandwich technique.Sixty sound human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12) based on the restoration protocol: Group I) intact teeth (positive control); Group II) MOD cavities left unrestored (negative control); Group III) MOD cavities restored with short-fiber reinforced composite (SFRC) only; Group IV) MOD cavities restored with conventional RMGIC + SFRC; Group V) MOD cavities restored with 1% BCNC-reinforced RMGIC + SFRC. The restorations in groups III to V were finally covered with 1 mm of nanohybride composite. All specimens underwent thermocycling. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine, and fracture patterns were classified as restorable or unrestorable based on the CEJ level. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (P 0.05). Group II had predominantly unrestorable fractures, while other groups showed a higher proportion of restorable fractures.The incorporation of BCNC into RMGIC as a base in Class II restorations improved fracture resistance and resulted in more favorable fracture patterns, suggesting its potential as a reinforcing agent in restorative dentistry.
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An unusual facial location for a meningioma. Case report
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Montoro-Serrano, Emilia María; Morán Soto, M. J.; Aragón Niño, Íñigo; del Castillo Pardo de Vera, José Luis; Álvaro-Martinez, María; Cebrián Carretero, José Luis
Meningiomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), but their occurrence in extracranial locations such as soft tissue or skin is extremely rare. They may be congenital (Type I), ectopic soft tissue meningiomas (Type II), or secondary to an intracranial meningioma (Type III), according to the López classification.We report the case of a woman with a history of multiple intracranial atypical meningiomas (WHO grade II) who presented with a subcutaneous lesion in the left malar region. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of atypical meningioma (WHO grade II).This case represents a rare example of a Type III cutaneous meningioma according to the López classification. It underscores the importance of considering extracranial meningiomas in the differential diagnosis of facial subcutaneous masses, particularly in patients with a history of intracranial meningioma.
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Oral amelanotic melanoma in a 73-year-old patient: a rare case report and literature review
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) de Arruda, José-Alcides-Almeida; Drumond, Victor-Zanetti; Abreu, Lucas G.; Lopez-de-Cáceres, Cinthia Verónica Bardález; Vargas, Pablo Agustín; Caldeira, Patrícia Carlos; Fonseca, Felipe Paiva; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves; Andrade, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de; Silva, Tarcília Aparecida da
Oral melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm that predominantly affects older adults. The amelanotic subtype is exceedingly rare, and its diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of pigmentation. Herein, we report a rare case of oral amelanotic melanoma in an older adult, discussed in light of the available literature. A 73-year-old Brazilian female patient presented with pain and discomfort in the left transverse palatal rugae. Clinically, the lesion appeared as a single, sessile, dome-shaped nodule with a coloration similar to the adjacent mucosa. Histopathological examination revealed a spindle-cell malignant neoplasm with epithelioid nests within a fibrous stroma, lacking melanin pigmentation. Immunohistochemistry was positive for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, S100 protein, Melan-A, SOX10, NSE, and TRP-2, with a high Ki-67 index. The patient died two months after diagnosis. A review of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science identified 35 cases of oral amelanotic melanoma in older adults, predominantly females (n=20/57.1%) in their 60s (n=16/45.7%). This report documents the sixth case of oral amelanotic melanoma in older adults from Latin America. Clinically, the case was challenging because it mimicked a non-neoplastic proliferative process and, microscopically, presented as an amelanotic variant. An immunohistochemical panel is recommended to avoid diagnostic pitfalls; this is the first report of TRP-2 immunoexpression in oral amelanotic melanoma.
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Digital orthodontics: posterior crossbite correction and arch expansion with directly 3-dimensional printed clear aligners
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Park, Jae Hyun; Sim, Miyoung; Choi, Hyewon; Choo, Hyun-Hee
Posterior crossbite correction and mandibular arch expansion have traditionally been managed with fixed appliances, while conventional thermoformed aligners have shown limited efficacy due to material properties and biomechanical constraints. This case report describes the management of bilateral premolar crossbite and mandibular constriction in a 26-year-old female using directly 3D-printed clear aligners (DPA) fabricated with a biocompatible resin. A complete digital workflow treatment planning was employed, and twenty-six aligners were produced using high-resolution LCD printing over a treatment period of thirty-one weeks. Posttreatment evaluation confirmed successful correction of the crossbite, stable arch expansion, and maintenance of posterior inclination control. Three-dimensional superimposition and colormap analysis demonstrated minimal relapse, less than 0.5 mm, at one-year follow-up. This report highlights the potential of DPA as a clinically effective alternative to thermoformed aligners for the correction of complex occlusal discrepancies.
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Robotic surgical systems in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Ivanov, Sergey Y.; Muraev, Alexander A.; Filatov, Sergey N.; Borozdkin, Leonid; Gusarov, Artyom M.; Milyukova, Darya Y.; Ivashkevich, Sergey G.; Ivanov, Sergey S.
Relevance. In recent years, robotic surgical technologies have been firmly integrated into the practice of many surgical specialties. However, their adoption in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery remains limited. This is largely due to the unique anatomical features of the facial region and the exceptionally high demands for precision and equipment adaptability. At the same time, the growing interest in minimally invasive and highly accurate surgical interventions underscores the need for a scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of such technologies. Objective. This study aimed to systematically review the available clinical evidence on the use of robot-assisted surgical systems in oral and maxillofacial procedures, focusing on their accuracy, safety, and clinical feasibility.The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Studies involving patients who underwent implant or other maxillofacial surgical procedures using robotic systems were included. A systematic search was performed via the Cochrane Library platform, which simultaneously searches MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase databases. The following keywords were used: (MeSH descriptor: [Robotics] explode all trees OR MeSH descriptor: [Robotic Surgical Procedures] explode all trees OR "robotic surgery":ti,ab,kw OR "robotic assisted":ti,ab,kw OR "robot":ti,ab,kw) AND ("maxillofacial surgery":ti,ab,kw OR "dental implant":ti,ab,kw OR "oral implantology":ti,ab,kw OR "oral surgery":ti,ab,kw). The level of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE, RoB 2.0, and ROBINS-I scales. Dual screening and data extraction were independently performed by two reviewers. The review protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251137197).A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. In nearly all studies, robotic systems demonstrated high implant placement accuracy (mean deviations less than 1 mm and 3°), substantially outperforming conventional techniques. The safety profile was consistently favorable. In transoral oncologic surgery, robotic systems showed comparable or superior functional outcomes. However, most studies were limited in sample size and follow-up duration, necessitating cautious interpretation of the results.Robot-assisted technologies in implantology and maxillofacial surgery have the potential to enhance precision and safety. Nevertheless, the overall certainty of evidence (GRADE) is rated as moderate to low. Larger-scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Efficacy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids as premedication for post-endodontic pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Mrini, Radia; Salamanca-Ramos, Marcela; Ledezma, Priscilla; Pérez Ron, Alejandro R.; Aranguren Cangas, José; Montecinos, Javier; Utreras, Elías; Pinto-Pardo, Nicolas
Post-endodontic pain remains a common clinical challenge. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the preemptive efficacy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids as premedication for managing postoperative pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis undergoing non-surgical root canal treatment. Objectives: To compare the preemptive efficacy of NSAIDs and corticosteroids as single-dose premedication in reducing postoperative pain and rescue medication use after endodontic treatment.Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase up to April 2024. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials comparing single-dose NSAIDs or corticosteroids with placebo. Primary outcomes were postoperative pain intensity measured by validated scales (VAS, NRS, HP-VAS) and need for rescue analgesics. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB2, and certainty of evidence with GRADE. Meta-analysis used random-effects models, with standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024499723).Seven RCTs (n=820) published between 2009 and 2023 were included. Both corticosteroids (SMD = -1.28; 95 % confidence interval (CI): -1.96 to -0.61) and NSAIDs (SMD = -0.61; 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.10) significantly reduced postoperative pain versus placebo. NSAIDs provided rapid analgesia at 6 h, while corticosteroids achieved sustained analgesia from 12-48 h. Rescue analgesic use decreased substantially in both active groups compared with placebo (NSAIDs 4.6%, corticosteroids 5.5%, placebo 34.4%). High heterogeneity (I² = 90%) was partly explained by drug class, dose, and administration route. Sensitivity analysis excluding imputed data confirmed robustness of results.Both NSAIDs and corticosteroids are effective preemptive agents for managing post-endodontic pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. NSAIDs should be preferred for rapid early relief, while corticosteroids provide extended analgesia. Findings highlight their opioid-sparing potential and support their inclusion in evidence-based endodontic pain management protocols. Further multicenter RCTs are warranted to refine patient-tailored regimens.
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Assessment of maxillary posterior teeth pathologies and its association with maxillary sinus alterations: a cone beam computed tomography study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) A. Kader, K. B.; Aggarwal, Ashish; Upadhyay, Nitin; Vishnu Rao, Sowmya Gujjar; Agarwal, Nupur; Rathore, Ankit Singh; Bisht, Jyoti; Khan, Fatima Injela; Verma, Shreya; Naaz, Arifa
Due to the fact that the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth are relatively close to the sinus floor, maxillary sinusitis is frequently caused by odontogenic infections. Mucosal thickness may result from the periapical pathology spreading to the sinuses. This study uses cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to assess the relationship between maxillary sinus mucosal alterations and periapical diseases of maxillary posterior teeth.CBCT images were used in this study to assess 302 maxillary posterior teeth with periapical pathologies. Changes in the sinus mucosa were used to measure the proximity the roots and upper border of the lesion to the sinus floor. The CBCT periapical index was used to measure and score the size of the periapical lesion. Analysis was done on the type, pattern, and severity of mucosal thickening, which was considered abnormal if it exceeded 2 mm. Chi-squared tests were used to process the data, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was established.The study used CBCT to investigate mucosal thickening. Results showed mucosal thickening in 63-71% of cases across various CBCT periapical indexes, with no significant differences among indexes. Significant differences were observed in relation to cortical expansion and destruction, with the thickening being more prevalent in cases with cortical expansion and less in those with destruction.This study using CBCT reveals significant insights into mucosal thickening, with a prevalence observed in most cases. Cortical expansion increases prevalence, while cortical destruction decreases it. Findings guide effective diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Repeatability and reproducibility of a new classification for measuring primary stability of dental implants based on progressive insertion torque value: an analytical observational study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Rosas-Díaz, José C.; Córdova-Limaylla, Nancy E.; Guerrero, Maria Eugenia; Palomino-Zorrilla, Jerson J.; Alvarez-Medina, Rocío; Cayo Rojas, César Félix
Assessing primary stability is critical to predicting dental implant success, yet existing assessments often rely on subjective judgment. This study presents and validates a classification system based on the progressive insertion torque value (PITV) to provide objective, reproducible parameters for guiding prosthetic loading protocols.An analytical observational study was conducted on 1,250 implant torque-curve interpretations. Primary stability was classified into three types according to final insertion torque (IT): high (50 Ncm), moderate (30 to <50 Ncm), and low (<30 Ncm). Types I and II included four PITV subtypes (A-D), while Type III included six subtypes (A-F) based on curve trajectory patterns. Twenty-five dentists were trained in curve interpretation, and intra- and inter-examiner agreement was assessed using Cohen's and Fleiss' kappa statistics and prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK). Predictive validity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve [AUC] with 95% confidence intervals). Calibration (intercept and slope) and the Brier score were also computed.Intraexaminer agreement was almost perfect in both general dentists and implant specialists (k = 0.82-0.95). Interexaminer agreement was also almost perfect (general dentists: k = 0.81; specialists: k = 0.89). Overall agreement was k = 0.84 (p < 0.001). The classification showed moderate predictive discrimination (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.81).The classification of primary stability based on the progressive insertion torque value in edentulous maxillary ridges showed high intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability in interpreting torque-time curves. Its clinical utility, predictive performance, and prosthetic loading thresholds were not assessed in this study and warrant prospective evaluation.
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Histological evaluation of palatal donor site healing with leukocyte–platelet–rich fibrin versus collagen sponge
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Rosas-Díaz, José C.; Guerrero, Maria Eugenia; Córdova-Limaylla, Nancy E.; Padilla-Avalos, César-Augusto; Palomino-Zorrilla, Jerson J.; Alvarez-Medina, Rocío
The palate is the primary donor site for autogenous connective tissue grafts in periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgery, yet healing by secondary intention often results in morbidity. Collagen sponge (CS) and leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) have been proposed to enhance donor site repair, but comparative histological evidence in humans remains scarce. Objective: To compare the histological characteristics of palatal donor site healing following coverage with CS or L-PRF.A retrospective cross-sectional histological study was performed on palatal biopsies collected four months after connective tissue graft harvesting covered with CS (n = 9) or L-PRF (n = 9). Epithelial type and thickness, lamina propria thickness, submucosal composition, inflammatory infiltrate, vascular congestion, and edema were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Both biomaterials supported uneventful healing without necrosis or severe inflammation. Compared with CS, L-PRF was associated with thicker epithelium, a higher frequency of hyperparakeratinization, and the presence of orthokeratinization. Lamina propria thickness was slightly greater in L-PRF, while fibrous submucosa predominated in both groups. Mild leukocyte infiltration and transient edema were more common with L-PRF, suggesting a more active regenerative response.CS and L-PRF both promoted favorable palatal donor site healing. L-PRF demonstrated histological features consistent with enhanced tissue regeneration, likely due to its growth factor content. These preliminary findings warrant validation in randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes.
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Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint among young adults and associated imaging factors: a cone-beam computed tomography study
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Juarez-Pacheco, Soledad Jimena; Lopez-Ramírez, Karla Franciela; Llaguno-Rubio, Jhoana Mercedes; Fiori-Chincaro, Gustavo Adolf; Arriola-Guillén, Luis-Ernesto
This study aims to determine the prevalence of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) among young adults and to identify the associated imaging factors using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in a population from Arequipa, Peru.This cross-sectional study involved the analysis of 311 CBCT scans from young adults aged 18 to 40 years. To ensure high image quality and comprehensive clinical data, we applied specific inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study. We evaluated radiographic signs of condylar osteoarthritis, which included flattening, erosion, sclerosis, osteophytes, and subchondral cysts. Additionally, we examined several predictor factors, including sex, age, and two associated imaging factors such as edentulism, and occlusal wear. Furthermore, examiner training and calibration were conducted with the Kappa concordance test. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression (p<0.05).The prevalence of condylar changes indicative of osteoarthritis was significantly high. Flattening was observed in 30.2% of cases, erosion in 16.1%, and sclerosis in 10.3%. There was a notable association between condylar pathologies and sex; specifically, a significant association was observed between condylar sclerosis and female sex, occurring in 14.1% of women compared to 4.2% of men (p = 0.003). Furthermore, both age (Exp(B) = 1.071; p = 0.001) and edentulism (Exp(B) = 4.353; p < 0.001) significantly influenced the presence of condylar flattening. Similarly, age (Exp(B) = 1.050; p = 0.041) and edentulism (Exp(B) = 2.630; p = 0.024) also affected condylar erosion. Additionally, the occurrence of condylar sclerosis was influenced by age (Exp(B) = 1.067; p = 0.044) and edentulism (Exp(B) = 4.276; p = 0.008).The findings suggest that temporomandibular osteoarthritis can develop moderately in early adulthood, primarily characterized by condylar flattening, erosion, and sclerosis. The data indicate that certain predictor variables, such as sex, reveal that condylar sclerosis is more commonly observed in females. Additionally, age and edentulism are significant factors linked to changes in the condyle, including condylar flattening, erosion, and sclerosis.
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Effect of denture tooth manufacturing and adhesive materials on bond strength of 3D-printed denture base
(Medicina Oral S.L., 2026) Saengthongpinij, Thanatat; Apinsathanon, Pongsakorn; Mahardawi, Basel; Laoharungpisit, Palawat; Na Nan, Pheeradej; Aimjirakul, Napapa
3D printing enhances denture fabrication, but the bond between printed teeth and bases is often weaker than traditional methods. This study investigates the effect of tooth-adhesive combinations on bond strength to enhance clinical reliability in digital dentistry.Forty-eight cylindrical 3D-printed denture bases were bonded with either 3D-printed (PT) or milled (MT) teeth using three bonding materials: NextDent (ND), Super-Bond (SUP), and Unifast Trad (UNI)(n=8/group). The PT-ND group served as the control. Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength testing using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min, with a 4 mm shear pin, and failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope.Tooth type, bonding material, and their interaction significantly influenced bond strength (P<0.05). MT-UNI and MT-SUP demonstrated the highest values (92.33 ± 4.90 N; 87.34 ± 2.41 N), while MT-ND had the lowest (11.72 ± 1.94 N). Among PT groups, PT-SUP performed best (45.59 ± 3.47 N), followed by PT-ND (34.12 ± 3.38 N) and PT-UNI (23.68 ± 4.14 N). High-strength groups exhibited predominantly mixed failure (MT-SUP, MT-UNI, PT-SUP), while lower-strength groups showed adhesive failure. (MT-ND, PT-UNI).Bond strength is influenced by both tooth material and bonding agent. From the results, Unifast Trad is optimal for milled teeth; Superbond is best suited for printed teeth. Material selection is critical for improving durability and chairside efficiency in digital prosthodontics.