La contribución de las nuevas tecnologías a la construcción de políticas de igualdad de género en el Paraguay en la era de la globalización

This doctoral research focuses on the situated analysis of the incidence of new information and communication technologies in the construction of public policies in Paraguay after the process of transition to democracy that began in 1989, once the 35-year-old dictatorship of Paraguay was overthrown. General Alfredo Stroessner and within the context of globalization. Investigates the contexts and life trajectories of 20 Paraguayan feminist leaders who have appropriated the new information and communication technologies to influence political advances towards gender equality in an isolated and conservative Mediterranean country, investigating how This appropriation has given rise to the gestation of new gender equality policies in interaction between world women experts and activists with similar strategic objectives, in global society (global, local, glocal logic), especially since 1992, when creates the Secretariat for Women with ministerial rank and promotes strategies towards the IV Conference of Women of the United Nations (UN) in Beijing, China, (1995) with programmatic effects at the local and global level until Beijing +25; the Convention of Belém do Pará is created to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women of the Organization of American States (OAS, 1994); the first National Plans for Equality between Women and Men are structured in the country; and international contacts are strengthened in different ECLAC / UN conferences; studying if they were possible thanks to the development and use of ICT, which connected them to that end. It investigates how they were developed and developed, at the national level, and in the global context and at what times and in what way they were influenced by the Internet, one of the ICT tools that appears, precisely, with globalization. 2. OBJECTIVES, HYPOTHESIS AND METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH -General objective To reveal if public gender policies in post-dictatorship Paraguay were built or affected by feminist cyberactivism and the use of new technologies, especially the Internet, and if they were being built and deployed in the open space by the new globalization, taking into account that in this During this stage, the Secretariat for Women was created (1992) and the main plans, programs and projects that were developed in the future were structured. -Specific objectives a) To know, in the case of Paraguay, to what extent an equality policy or a gender equality mainstreaming process within an institutional process is affected by global logic in the construction of local policies. b) Inquire if some Paraguayan feminist women leaders –connected with strategic actresses and international strategic programming on equality matters– developed a communicative and political action (cyberfeminism), which resulted in glocalized gender equality policies –localized global policies– in Paraguay. c) To reveal whether the Paraguayan public policies on gender equality that emerged from this global-local dialectic were typical of a process and women's movement that is reactive, resistant to globalization, or proactive in relation to it. d) Deepen how and by what means these processes of construction of equality policies were carried out and these feminist activists were connected, which were the media and key information and communication technologies for Paraguayan feminists in the processes of construction of policies of equality; as its function and relevance in said processes. -Research hypothesis The research hypotheses that we have formulated are: - Cyberfeminist action within the phenomenon of globalization - characterized by the use of ICTs (within them, the Internet) - influenced the processes of building democratic institutions, agendas and gender equality policies in Py, starting in 1989 to the present. - The most expert Paraguayan women in gender equality issues in the country (consultants, academics, researchers and activists) were related through the NICT with other feminist women in the international arena who participated in the UN Conferences on Women, to influence in a new democratic institutional framework with a gender equality perspective and the creation or modification of public gender equality policies in Paraguay. - We are facing a late-acting social and political movement –plural feminist movement– after the social movements of the 19th century (racial or worker), with particular political mobilization and political results, which, in globalization, fight for equal rights between women and men, and favor gender equality policies. - There is a movement of feminist activists or entrepreneurs who fight for equal rights between women and men in the context of globalization, favor gender equality policies and use the Internet and other technologies to connect for this purpose. -Methodology The methodology adopted was qualitative in nature, applying techniques of documentary and bibliographic analysis and in-depth interviews. Use of qualitative methodology in Paraguay, although some quantitative data has been provided. A context where quantitative data is not complete but out of date, and the richness of the stories provide a large amount of information and knowledge about the most relevant aspects of cultural identity and cultural processes. These data, the relations between gender and the Internet, are interesting features for the study of human development. I analyzed the Internet connections of these women and organizations, and the results for Paraguay in terms of democratic institutions, development and execution of public policies, and contributions to democratization and humanization within globalization. The operational analysis model was content analysis. After recording the stories displayed in the answered interviews, I classified and systematized them by themes and subtopics. Then I made conclusions based on the hypotheses, verifying - the hypothesis falsification procedure - the empirical relationships studied.