Evaluation of endovenous sedation using BIS monitoring in dentistry. A systematic review

The aim of the present review was evaluate the utility and validity of the Bispectral Index (BIS) in dental treatment carried out under endovenous sedation, and compare its efficacy with clinical sedation scales. Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted by two independent reviewers for articles published up to April 2017 in several databases, including Medline and Cochrane Library. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. A correlation was identified between BIS and clinical sedation scales. A BIS range between 75 and 84 showed a high probability of corresponding to an Observer?s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale (OAA/S) value of 3; a scored 3 on the Ramsay scale corresponds around 85 on the BIS; while BIS values between 57 and 64 corresponded to a University of Michigan Sedation Scale value of 3. BIS monitoring provides continuous measurement of the patient?s hypnotic state or state of consciousness, awareness, and recall. It proved impossible to perform an analysis of statistical data drawn from the studies reviewed due to the disparity of inclusion criteria among the works. BIS for sedation monitoring might make possible to evaluate sedation levels objectively in real time, reducing the dose of the sedative required, increasing safety, and minimizing secondary effects.