One hundred and nineteen individuals of the genus Cystopteris from the Iberian Peninsula, with the exception of C. montana, are studied cytologically, micromorphologically, and macromorphologically. The combined use of the length of the guard cells and of the spores, with very few exceptions, allows the determination of the ploidy level of the various taxa analyzed, as well as contributes to support their identification, through macromorphological traits. Our study provides data that allows the identification of C. fragilis subsp. dickieana, C. fragilis subsp. pseudoregia, C. alpina and C. diaphana, associating them and in order, to the following cytotypes: tetraploid, octoploid, hexaploid and finally, also hexaploid; it also relates the tetraploid cytotype and the lowest values of the micromorphological characteristics, with C. fragilis subsp. fragilis, but leaves unresolved doubts about how to determine certain hexaploid, eglandular or nearly so individuals of C. fragilis subsp. fragilis. Finally, it allows the identification of two taxa up to now determinable as C. fragilis subsp. huteri: one of them must be neotypified and the second is described as C. fragilis subsp. oromediterraneum. The former correlates with the tetraploid cytotype and the latter with the hexaploid
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