Análisis de parámetros biomecánicos durante la recepción en colchonetas y su influencia en los mecanismos de lesión en gimnasia deportiva

Introduction. Among the most frecuent skills performed in gymnastics, landing is one of the most importants. Landing from high heights, could generate impact forces between 10-18 body weight (McNitt-gray. 1993). Despite actual mats standards criteria, injuries during landing doesn´t reduce. In this sense, the objective of this doctoral thesis has been to analyze the injury mechanisms in gymnastic and it is relation with mats standards criteria. Material and Methods The different types of studies considered were: - Subjective Study; using QFD (Quality Fuction Deployment) methodology and tools like user´s panel, wich has allowed us to analyze the properties and more important characteristics of mats. - Mechanical study; based on EN 12503, that has allowed us to analyze the properties of a selected sample of mats. - Biomechanical study and the landing percepction after a modified drop jump in diferent mats, wich has allowed us to analyze several instrumental techniques like: Electrogoniometry, dinamometry, accelerometry and pressurometry. Results and discussion Results show that same of the most important characteristics in landing mats are: rigid (8.74%) and absorvents (8.74%) materials, recovery speed (7.57%) and areaelastic behavior surface (6.89%). In normative tests, it is observed that as mats deceleration and energy return is reduced, deformation increases. In landing biomechanical studies, it is observed that inestability and high impact forces are main mechanisms of injury. The results show that a deficient mat deformation implies smaller articular range of motion, high impact forces and accelerations in tibia and head, as well as a greater possibility to fall. Landing inestability, due to a greater deformation of landing mats injury risk is related with the increase of time used by gymnasts to complete the landing, with a greater preassure, flexion and torsion in the forefoot, instead these reduced impact forces and tibial and head accelerations Conclusions Not all important mat aspects are analyzed by the standarized test, because mats properties affect gymnasts kinetic and kinematic during landing. The inclusion of biomechanical landing studys in standard test, could contribute to reduce the high number of injuries associated to inestability and high impact forces during landing, improving gymnasts sport live as well.