Mesolithic human remains at Cueva de la Cocina: Insights from bioarchaeology and geochemistry

A series of previously unpublished human remains were found at Cueva de la Cocina (Dos Aguas, Valencia, Spain) in excavations from the 1940s and 1970s. Our analyses indicate a minimum of 5 individuals were present in the archaeological deposit, including both adults and children. AMS radiocarbon dating and osteological analysis document ritual defleshing or skinning during the Late Mesolithic, while δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis and comparisons to contemporary Mesolithic human remains from the region suggest that these individuals were part of a broader subsistence and cultural network of Holocene hunter-gatherers. Ancient DNA data indicate these late Mesolithic individuals were descendants of a major spread of a new population after a population turnover at the end of the Late Glacial. This research highlights the importance of long-term curation of archaeological finds and revisiting legacy collections.