La pandemia de la COVID-19 está impactando en la salud emocional de los adolescentes. Factores como la resiliencia pueden amortiguar este importante impacto sobre su bienestar. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la asociación entre la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva y la resiliencia en adolescentes de España y Ecuador, y comparar las diferencias existentes entre ambas muestras. Participaron 476 adolescentes (70,10 % mujeres) entre 9 y 18 años (M = 15,62; DT = 1,22), distribuidos por igual entre ambos países. Se evaluaron mediante la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés y la Escala de Resiliencia. Realizamos análisis descriptivos, pruebas t para muestras independientes, cálculo del tamaño del efecto y correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados evidenciaron que el perfil de ajuste adaptativo ante la pandemia fue: ser chico, no haber presentado un evento vital estresante, no tener problemas de salud física ni psicológica previos y residir en España. Mientras que el perfil de riesgo ante la pandemia fue: ser chica, presentar un evento vital estresante, tener algún tipo de problema de salud física y psicológica previo y residir en Ecuador. Nuestros datos señalan la importancia de detectar las necesidades específicas de los adolescentes en función de su contexto socioeconómico y cultural, para poder poner en marcha intervenciones destinadas a proteger su salud mental durante la pandemia. Emotional impact and resilience in adolescents in Spain and Ecuador during COVID-19: A cross-cultural study. The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the emotional health of adolescents. Factors such as resilience can buffer this important impact on their well-being. Our aim was to study the association between anxious-depressive symptomatology and resilience in adolescents from Spain and Mexico, and to compare the differences between the two samples. A total of 476 adolescents (70.10 % female) aged 9-18 years (M = 15.62; SD = 1.22), equally distributed between the two countries, participated in the study. They were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Resilience Scale. We conducted descriptive analyses, independent samples t-tests, effect size calculation and Pearson correlations. The results showed that the profile of adaptive adjustment to the pandemic was: being a male, not having experienced a stressful life event, not having previous physical or psychological health problems and residing in Spain. While the risk profile for the pandemic was: being a female, having a stressful life event, having some type of previous physical and psychological health problem, and residing in Ecuador. Our data point to the importance of detecting the specific needs of adolescents according to their socio-economic and cultural context in order to implement interventions to protect their mental health during the pandemic.