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Language Arxius de Ciències Socials. Num. 41. 2019
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- El cuerpo materno en la red: entre el orden de lo 'deseable' y el de lo real(2019) Landa, María Inés; Calafell Sala, NúriaThe fitness lifestyle is carried out in and through a subjective and power framework in which business, therapeutic, sanitary, and body spectacularization dispositifs circulate and are assembled, tending to inscribe the life of the population in the conflictive plots of a heterosexist, neoliberal and informational capitalism. Within this framework, the temporality, mutation, and plasticity of the mother?s body arises as a problem and the object of the intervention of diverse technologies aimed at adjusting its size and shape to the parameters of an active and healthy life. In digital scenarios, this tension is performed, on the one hand, through visual and discursive dispositifs that promote the ideal of fitness, embodied hyperbolically in the figure of the fit mom. And on the other hand, mothers who question the hegemonic ?desirable? maternal figures in the digital scenario through exhibition of the realness of ther bodies and images of and ?self-acceptance?. The paper explores images and narratives in these two positions, focusing mainly on the differences between a body that is presented as a fictional adaptation to the order of the ?desirable? and another that intends to make visible the constitutive vulnerability of the maternal process. The analysis shows how the management and exhibition of the maternal body in the net is marked by the imperatives of health, productivity, and performance, as well as those of authenticity and extimacy
- SAZ, Ismael; BOX, Zira; MORANT, Toni; SANZ, Julián (eds.) (2019): Reactionary Nationalists, Fascists and Dictatorships in the Twentieth Century Cham. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, 357 pp. [Reseña](2019) Pérez Climent, BorjaReseña de: SAZ, Ismael; BOX, Zira; MORANT, Toni; SANZ, Julián (eds.) (2019): Reactionary Nationalists, Fascists and Dictatorships in the Twentieth Century Cham. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, 357 pp.
- Peris de Sales, Vicent; Parra Monserrat, David; Souto González, Xosé Manuel (coords.) (2018): Repensamos la geografía e historia para la educación democrática. València, Nau Llibres [Reseña](2019) Bel, Juan CarlosReseña de: Peris de Sales, Vicent; Parra Monserrat, David; Souto González, Xosé Manuel (coords.) (2018): Repensamos la geografía e historia para la educación democrática. València, Nau Llibres
- Estar al otro lado de la mesa. Profesionales de los servicios públicos de empleo ante los dilemas de la activación laboral(2019) Pozo-Cuevas, FedericoUnder the paradigm of activation, the Public Employment Services has been reshaped by two levels of contractualization. On one hand, the collaboration of the administration with a network of agents on the programme scheme that make up the active policies of employment. On the other hand, the unemployed person?s access to a compartmentalized offer of services and individually taking responsibility for finding work. This double contractualization reveals redefinition of lowering public responsibility faced with the problem of unemployment that this activation supposes. This paper analyses how this redesign has an impact on how professionals serve the unemployed population. This lays bare, in the case of Andalusia, the dilemmas that put pressure on in their daily work and exposes them to the disaffection of its public use.
- «Mentre la música dura...». Sobre la relació de música i demencia. Processos d'aprenentatge més enllà dels arranjaments clàssics(2019) Alheit, PeterLa idea que la música apel·la a altres dimensions en nosaltres que no només als aspectes cognitius de la nostra percepció ha sigut expressada pels poetes de manera sensible. Shakespeare diu: «Si la música és aliment de l’amor, que sone…» (Dotzena nit 1601, Acte 1, Escena 1). En el llarg tercer poema de la col·lecció «Quatre quartets» –The Dry Salvages (1941)– de T. S. Eliot, al final d’un pronòstic més bé pessimista sobre el futur, la música irromp com a «moment inesperat», com un «llamp en l’hivern», com una «cascada» en la realitat: «…música escoltada tan profundament / Que no s’escolta en absolut, però sou la música / mentre dura la música». I la música té encara una altra qualitat. També apel·la aquells que aparentment ja no són apel·lables, és a dir, a les persones que viuen amb demència. Les següents consideracions faran referència a un projecte que utilitza aquesta qualitat per a processos d’aprenentatge poc habituals: el projecte Music for Life, que ha sigut realitzat des del 1993 per l’educadora musical Linda Rose junt amb el London Wigmore Hall d’Anglaterra (cf. Smilde/Page/Alheit 2014:292 i ss.). Tres músics professionals col·laboren amb vuit pacients amb demència i el seu personal d’infermeria en tallers de música creativa durant un cicle de vuit setmanes. Des de la perspectiva de l’equip de recerca que ha seguit científicament 1 Traducció: Francesc J. Hernàndez (Universitat de València) aquest cicle a Londres el 2010, presentaré els nostres resultats, que també són interessants per als processos pedagògics. La relació entre compromís musical i l’autopercepció profunda està investigada de manera excel·lent en l’estudi de Sacks sobre música i cervell (SACKS 2008). Sacks no només parla d’una millora de les funcions cognitives, sinó, abans de res, de l’estat d’ànim i el comportament en pacients amb demència, que –després d’haver estat activats per música– poden estar així durant hores o fins i tot dies.
- En la trastienda de la inteligencia artificial. Una investigación sobre las plataformas de micro-trabajo en francia(2019) Casilli, Antonio A.; Tubaro, Paola; Le Ludec, Clément; Wahal, ElinorMicro-work internet services allocate small, standardized tasks of data generation and annotation to crowds of providers. The outputs are mainly used to produce artificial intelligence solutions. It is an exemplary instance of the ?platformization? of the economy, and of the transformations of labour that digital technologies bring about. To uncover the conditions under which micro-work is performed, and its broader societal implications, we conducted an extensive empirical study in France. In this paper, we use the data collected to present the socio-economic backgrounds of the people who engage in micro-work, their motivations and needs, and their everyday practices. We show that, while the micro-working population is very diverse, a significant portion (including working women with children and with higher education degrees) face pressing financial needs and rely on this activity to make ends meet. Micro-workers are also exposed to distinctive psycho-social risks, without adequate protection and with only limited opportunities to voice issues or seek advice. Especially as the current boom of artificial intelligence raises demand for their services, their working conditions call for attention from policy-makers, unions, and the general public. This article is a summarized version of the report ?Le Micro-travail en France. Derrière l?automatisation de nouvelles précarités au travail?»
- Panorámica de la desigualdad digital en España: Operacionalización y dimensionamiento de las brechas digitales de accesibilidad, habilidades y formas de uso(2019) Calderón Gómez, DanielEn este artículo, se realiza un análisis estadístico de la desigualdad digital en España a partir de una operacionalización de las tres brechas digitales más relevantes: (1) accesibilidad a los dispositivos TIC; (2) competencias y habilidades digitales; y (3) prácticas digitales y formas diferenciales de uso. La metodología es cuantitativa, basada en la última oleada (2018) de la encuesta sobre equipamientos tecnológicos en el hogar del INE (TIC-H), a partir de la cual se ha desarrollado un análisis comparativo por género, edad, nivel de estudios, situación laboral y tipo de hábitat residencial. Los resultados muestran cómo la desigualdad de acceso tiene actualmente más que ver con las modalidades de conectividad y el tipo de dispositivos usados que con el mero acceso a Internet, mientras que la brecha de habilidades correlaciona con elevados niveles de capital educativo, engendrando formas más flexibles y avanzadas de uso.
- Representações sociais, sens pratique, poder simbólico e o processo de construção do ser docente(2019) Domingos Sobrinho, Moisés; Diniz, AugustoA partir de las elaboraciones teóricas de los fundadores del campo de investigación de las representaciones sociales, se pretende avanzar en la construcción de un diálogo entre esta teoría y la praxis social de Pierre Bourdieu, centrándose en la relación entre las representaciones sociales, la praxis sensorial (como manifestación del hábito) y el poder simbólico, dimensión ausente en el modelo moscoviciano. La base empírica a partir de la cual se desarrollan las reflexiones presentes en este artículo se apoya en investigaciones realizadas sobre el proceso de construcción del ser docente, en la realidad de algunas ciudades del nordeste brasileño. En este sentido, se destaca lo que se cree que aproxima y distingue entre la teoría de Moscovici y las elaboraciones de Pierre Bourdieu, y, en particular, con respecto a lo que estos autores dicen cuando se refieren al ?sentido común?.
- Violência, evasão e exclusão na educação superior(2019) Da Trindade Prestes, Emília Maria; Jezine, Edineide; Veloso Castelo, UyguaciaraThe present text focuses on a relationship between higher education, institutional and symbolic violence and exclusion, practicing as a challenge based on reflections on the existence of evasion in Brazilian university. Ignoring the educational institution as a direct responsible for these things, this text considers that a logic in University organization and operation helps to enlarge inequalities that provide the mechanisms of evasion; at the same time, it presents itself as a space of reference and a struggle against social inequalities and violence. On a provisional basis, the text stands out that: depending on the execution of educational procedures and practices undertaken by the institution and its representatives, the university may outgrow and reproduce inequalities; It may become a space of conflict between exclusion and violence, or the balance between those two movements, depending on the result of tug of war between antagonistic groups. Set up as an exploratory study and a qualitative approach, this text is based on theoretical, academic and documentary sources to discuss the subject, with no precise conclusion.
- Autorreflexión pedagógica(2019) R. De Moreno, Elsa AmandaThe autobiographical reflection on school learning makes it possible to explain how personal life guidelines are loading teaching activity with experiences. Educational time does not consist only of a linear narration, but works as the evocation of temporal and spatial memories of an explanation of the present. Personal life is intertwined with school reflection to give meaning to what we decide from teaching
- Las representaciones del saber académico: Aportaciones desde la geografía escolar(2019) García Monteagudo, Diego; Morote Seguido, Álvaro Francisco; Souto González, Xosé M.When we talk with basic education´s teachers there is an impression in the case of learning Social Sciences, and Geography in particular that these sciences are not useful for the explanation of socio-environmental and daily problems. In this research, improvement proposals are sought so that students are motivated to learn about these problems. Based on two case studies such as flood risks (and their relationship with climate change) and the problems of the rural areas, the possibilities of combining motivation for learning close to personal emotions and with their own rigor have been explored of the conceptual explanation. To validate these results, quantitative and qualitative research techniques have been used, within an intentional sample that seeks to offer trend results to continue with a line of research oriented towards school innovation
