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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2020. No. 15
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- 'Galdós, 100 años después, y en el presente (ensayos actualizadores)', de Víctor Fuentes(2020) Fernández Cordero, Carolina
- El circuito del terror en Córdoba : reflexiones sobre la representación de los represores en los sitios de memoria(2020) Garbero, Vanesa; Mercado, MònicaThe aim of this article is to analyze the modes in which the oppressors are described and represented on the three Sites for the Memory and the Promotion of Human Rights in Cordoba, Argentina. These sites are located in the same places that the dictatorship used as Clandestine Detention Centers. This work deals with the different artistic installations about oppressors in the sites Campo de la Ribera, former Department of Information of the Police of Córdoba and La Perla. The cases were selected based on their importance in the provincial repressive system and their relevance within the public politics of memory in the province. This work shows how the inclusion of the oppressors in the memory sites uses symbolic, politic and aesthetic mediations within a three-fold strategy: identify each oppressor in its place of action, denounce its criminal condition and condemn them judicially and ethically.
- 'Las novelas argentinas del siglo 21. Nuevos modos de producción, circulación y recepción', de Ana Gallego Cuiñas(2020) Pérez Vargas, María Carmen
- Apropiación y restitución en la narrativa de los hijos de desaparecidos de la dictadura argentina : los desaparecidos vivos(2020) Basile, TeresaAlong with the kidnapping and disappearance of people, State terrorism in Argentina ?which operated mostly during the dictatorship (1976-1983)? put into practice a systematic plan for the appropriation of their children, whether those of little age who were with their parents at the time of the house raid or those born in clandestine detention centers, product of the kidnapping of pregnant women, who were taken care of until they gave birth, then they were killed. These are the ?appropriated children? or the ?missing alive? that Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo try to find to restore their first identity. In this article we explore, from a broad textual and visual corpus, the two fundamental processes ?appropriation and restitution? of this appropriated childhood, considering its diverse dimensions: legal, psychoanalytic, identity (genetic and subjective) and the familiar. We also describe two narratives that serve as models: restorative narratives and counter narratives. Finally, we close with a brief reflection on the category of "missing alive" and its possible significant drifts in the present context.
- Alegoría de la clase media "real" española en 'Muchos hijos, un mono y un castillo'(2020) Domingo Sancho, IreneMuchos hijos un mono y un castillo (Salmerón, 2017) is a documentary that narrates the history of its protagonist, Julita, alongside the history of Spain from the Civil War until its most recent economic crisis. Julita appears in the film as the director?s mother, and as an unusual allegory of Spain?s history thanks to her personification of the ?real? Spanish middle class. This article analyzes how Muchos hijos faithfully visualizes not only the excesses but also the ambiguities that characterize the middle class, a key subject in recent Spanish history both on a material and on an ideological level. Paying attention to its multi-generic format, the article will study the ways in which the comic, tragic, and performative elements of the documentary locate the film between carnivalesque and humorous criticism, while they unveil the contradictions oftentimes dismissed but crucial to understand this critical class within the Spanish democratic imaginary.
- Trayectoria, capital e ideología. Las declaraciones de los perpetradores en los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad en Argentina(2020) Salvi, Valentina IsoldaDuring the oral debate of trial against humanity known as Guerrieri I that took place in the city of Rosario 2009 and 2010, four accused perpetrators testified. They were the retired military officers General Pascual Guerrieri, former deputy chief of Destacamento de Inteligencia Militar 121 in Rosario and commander of the "task group", Lieutenant Colonel Jorge Fariña, intelligence chief of the "task group"; Captain Juan Daniel Amelong, deputy chief of the "task force"; and the civil intelligence agent Eduardo "Tucu" Costanzo. The proposal of this article is to analyse these accused officers? statements in relation with their enunciative positions on trial where the co-presence between victims and perpetrators is again possible. The main interest is to attend to accused officers? versions and narratives about the past and their performances as agents with capital, resources and specific trajectories. The objective is to focus on their different military degrees, academic training, repressive apparatus?s position, prestige and internal recognition and personal commitment to the so-called "anti-subversive war", as well as their political and ideological strategies in order to maintain an authority?s position on trial.
- 'El exilio como experiencia y la experiencia del exilio', de Mariela Ávila y Braulio Rojas(2020) Strejilevich, Nora
- La exposición Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944. El debate sobre los crímenes de la Wehrmacht(2020) Toro Muñoz, Francisco Miguel deFor decades the myth of the "clean Wehrmacht" served German society as a way to avoid confronting the crimes of Nazism, preventing German soldiers from becoming involved in the annihilation war in the East. But also preventing the image of the perpetrator from being represented. The Vernichtungskrieg exhibition. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944 (1995-1999) was the first time that German society directly faced these crimes, which involved a large part of it. And, for the first time, put face to some of the perpetrators of the crimes. The exhibition opened new lines of research for historians on the mentality of the soldiers, material sources, motives of the perpetrators, etc. The reaction to the exhibition fostered a historiographic debate that has allowed it to face its past more openly, one more step in the Vergangenheitsbewältigung about the Nazi past. The investigation into the social identity of the perpetrators has just begun, but the narratives are developing in a similar way to that of the Holocaust in the mid-1970s. The controversy demonstrated, once again and as Nolte points out, that the past ?has not past".
- Shifting perspectives. Representations of the Maya in modern Mexican and Guatemalan narrative(2020) Andzel O'Shanahan, EdytaThe aim of this article is to examine the dominant literary tendencies in the 20th and 21st century Mexican and Guatemalan narrative, which depict the Maya in their social and cultural environment. From indigenismo, through a hybrid genre known as testimonio, to indigenous literature, the Maya have been present over the last century in literary production, in which several important changes in narrative voice and perspective can be observed. Initially represented by the paternalistic indigenista narrative, which is compliant with the government-endorsed ideology, the Maya have gradually regained their own unmediated literary voice, which enables them to speak for themselves rather than be spoken for. Literature, with its ability to question established paradigms, becomes a place of resistance and decolonising praxis. Due to the scope of the subject matter, only the most representative and innovative novels written by both non-Maya and Maya authors will be analysed. The article will focus primarily on narrative voice, perspective and agency.
- Censura editorial y crítica literaria durante el franquismo. El caso de Antonio Iglesias Laguna(2020) Álvarez Villalobos, MaríaThe main objective of this paper is to analyse the interaction between the discourses on narrative texts found in censorship files and those of press literary criticism as well as the relations between both of them in the last period of Francoism. We will try to set the correlation between two different procedures that sought to strengthen an official literary discourse under political interests. Thus, we have taken the case of Antonio Iglesias Laguna, literary critic and censor during this period, focusing on the period after the Press and Printing Law (1966). With this purpose, we have compiled, analyzed and collated his literary critics in ABC and La Estafeta Literaria between 1964 and 1972, his reports as a reader of censorship between 1967 and 1972 and his essay Treinta años de novela española (1938-1968) (1969).
- 'Historia cultural de la Transición. Pensamiento crítico y ficciones en literatura, cine y televisión', de Carmen Peña Ardid (eda.)(2020) Viamonte Lucientes, Ernesto
- La memoria de los verdugos de 1936 y la cultura de la impuni(bili)dad en la democracia posfranquista(2020) Sánchez León, PabloThis text deals with the effects of scholarly research over the social construction of the perpetrator, reflecting from the case of the Spanish civil war and the status of perpetrators in postFrancoist democracy. By choosing two scholarly essays for the broad public, it how the issue of perpetrators is predefined by a framework that disclaims possible perpetrators due to their recognition as intellectuals and artists shaping the cultural canon of the 20th century. The alternative approach it proposes consists in combining a hermeneutics of the testimonies by possible perpetrators with other documentary sources, and chooses those offered by Dionisio Ridruejo, a major example of identity change against Francoism but departing from a deep implication in the repressive machinery of Franco´s regime which demands further study.
- Los victimarios en el cine documental. Una posible taxonomía(2020) Zylberman, LiorThis paper is part of an investigation on the representation of genocides in documentary film. In this instance, we will ask about how the perpetrators are presented on the screen, having this article as an objective to expose a taxonomy of the representations of the perpetrators in the documentary cinema. For this, after presenting some possible debates on the subject, the problem will be thought suggesting forms and modalities of representation of the victimizer in the documentary cinema. Two great discursive forms will be suggested ?visual and verbal? and four modalities of representation ??Archival?, ?Evocative?, ?Declarative? and ?Participatory?? being the combination of both which will allow to analyze the diverse strategies of representation of this actor in the documentary cinema.
- Día de Muertos en Oaxaca : mercantilización y folklorización del patrimonio cultural(2020) Valtierra-Zamudio, Jorge; Bernal Lugo, José RicardoThis article analyzes the notion of cultural heritage due to its relevance to the materialization of cultural rights by States. Based on the contributions of anthropology and sociology, we establish a distinction between a way of conceiving cultural heritage focused on folklore and the demands of the tourist market and another of a more experiential nature that highlights the dynamism of culture, its symbolic character and the role of memory. To exemplify this distinction, we present some ideas that emerged from an ethnographic exercise and participant observation of the Día de muertos between November 01 to 03, 2018 and 2019, in two locations in the state of Oaxaca. Theoretical approaches and ethnographic contributions lead us to highlight the importance of having a broader conception of cultural heritage to prevent cultural rights from being reduced to folklore and commercial objects.
- 'Macario', un hito en la representación de Día de muertos en la industria cinematográfica mexicana (1930-1960)(2020) Mora Aymerich, FloraMacario, a feature film directed by Roberto Gavaldón in 1959, is a landmark in the representation of the Day of the Death in Mexican cinematography (1930-1960). This paper analyses the film from the new perspective of constructing national identity through the festival?s introspection, social context, iconography and lastly its impact. The analysis of the film delves into how the film industry turned the Day of the Dead into a national icon of Mexican identity.
- Héroes y criminales : sobre la construcción social heroica de los criminales de guerra croatas(2020) Ljubojevi, Ana; Zidek, NikolinaThis paper is a study of three emblematic cases of Croatian officers tried for war crimes in the period of seventeen years (2001-2018) when Croatia's cooperation with the ICTY became effective and trials before domestic courts began. These cases indicate the effect of judicial sentences on the collective memory, the social evolution of the figure of the perpetrator and the process of consolidation of the dominant narrative surrounding Croatians accused and / or convicted of war crimes. The social production of memory in two dimensions is analyzed: 1) the official - the place of the perpetrators in the historical narrative, 2) the public - the reactions of society and media coverage. Also, where appropriate, the individual is offered- the representation of the figure of the perpetrators by themselves. Since war crimes trials focus on the figure of the perpetrator, in the Croatian case they enter into tension with the social memory that revolves around the victims and the victorious defense of the country. The effect of such tension and conflict results in a memory denying crimes and the heroization of the perpetrators.
- El soldado que no fue : interrogando el ejército, la obediencia debida y el nunca más(2020) Ros Matturro, Ana LaraThis article presents an analysis of The Soldier Who Was Not. This Chilean documentary explores the dictatorial past, focusing on the Armed Forces. More specifically, it investigates the case of the former conscripts who were drafted to complete the compulsory military service on the same year of the coup. Although they were the last link in the chain of command, by fulfilling the tasks of their work, in many ways they sustained the framework of the authoritarian system. As propose in the analysis, by making space for these secondary actors, the documentary poses questions about responsibility for, and complicity with the cruelty of the military regime. These questions lead to interrogate the present military institution and to ponder both the concept of the citizen shaped within democracy and the possibilities of ?never again? in Chile today.
- Construcción performativa de la autoridad : entramado de sentidos en apariciones públicas, imágenes y representaciones de Videla(2020) Verzero, LorenaEste artículo realiza una aproximación a las representaciones de la figura de Jorge Rafael Videla a partir del análisis imágenes emblemáticas que resultan significativas por su alto grado de performatividad. Me interesa detectar relaciones entre las imágenes producidas o reproducidas en los medios de comunicación y aquellas construidas en el ámbito artístico, con la finalidad de abordar al amplio problema de las representaciones de represores. Los conceptos de ?performatividad? y ?teatralidad? constituyen parte del andamiaje teórico y son también herramientas de análisis. Me abocaré, entonces, al análisis de las intervenciones públicas del ex presidente de facto en tres conferencias de prensa y dos fotografías que por diferentes motivos resultan paradigmáticas. Y, dado que el teatro constituye el lugar de la representación por excelencia, me detendré luego en Vidé/la muerte móvil (2016, de Vicente Muleiro con dirección de Norman Briski), una obra teatral en la que la construcción de la figura del dictador ilumina el problema de las representaciones de represores sin escamotear la ?puesta en cuerpo? del personaje principal que remite a Videla. La pregunta general que me interesa dejar planteada gira en torno a cuáles han sido los elementos teatralizados a lo largo de los años para la construcción de la figura del dictador y cuáles han sido sus efectos de sentido.
- De la perversión a la perpetración : Génesis, Sade, Pasolini y Rau(2020) Monsell Corts, JuanjoEn el presente artículo pretende realizarse una exploración de carácter ontogénico para lograr desentrañar todos los significados que ha adquirido el mito de Sodoma en las reescrituras posteriores de carácter ficcional y la relación que este guarda con la construcción de personajes literarios y cinematográficos caracterizados como perpetradores de violencia de masas y con espacios históricos de perpetración como los Konzentrationslager. El punto de partida del análisis es el pasaje bíblico de la destrucción de la ciudad de Sodoma y el punto final es la obra de Milo Rau Die 120 Tage von Sodom (2017), producida a partir de la obra narrativa del Marqués de Sade Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome (1785) y de la película de Pier Paolo Pasolini Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma (1975), obras que surgen en momentos históricos determinados y son utilizadas para ejemplificar de manera metáforica algunos de los acontecimientos que tienen lugar en estos.
- La construcción social de la figura del perpetrador : procesos sociales, luchas políticas, producciones culturales(2020) Salvi, Valentina Isolda; Feld, ClaudiaIntroduction
