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Language Kamchatka : revista de análisis cultural. 2019. No. 14
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- La literatura ausente: Augusto Roa Bastos y las polémicas del Paraguay post-stronista', de Carla Daniela Benisz(2019) Villalba Rojas, Rodrigo Nicolás
- Forma e ideología. Mecanismos de integración y de sumisión en 'Lectura fácil', de Cristina Morales(2019) Ayete Gil, MariaThe aim of this article is to study Cristina Morales? novel Lectura fácil from two premises: first, literature?s radical historicity, which forces us to pay attention to the ideological and production conditions of the text; secondly, the need to revolutionize the literary form in order to participate in and transform reality. On the one hand, these propositions lead us to analyze the procedures through which Morales? fiction denaturalizes the submissiveness and integration mechanisms displayed by the system. On the other hand, it helps us by clarifying the way in which text transforms the novel form, illustrating it as a result of an assembly process. Understanding the novel as an assembly of different voices and materials, real and/or fictitious, allows us to understand reality as a construction, a necessary step to face the inevitable dialogue between the ideology of form and the ideology of content. Only through this dialogue can we finally learn about the conditions and contradictions of the internal logic of advanced capitalism and the radicalism of the Morales? approach.
- Leer desde la ruptura. Propuesta teórica para explorar el potencial político de una genealogía literaria interrumpida(2019) Becerra Mayor, DavidThis article aims to elaborate a theoretical proposal that allow us to discover the political potential of an interrupted literary genealogy: that of the political and social novel of the thirties and fifties in Spain, joining their apparently disconnected points, in terms of Walter Benjamin, in a constellation. Likewise, and following the Althusserian theory of knowledge, this article does not aim to describe its subject of study but also to produce a new place, radically other, to transform it into a new knowledge. In order to do so, I propose to read this literature?that I define as literature from below? from the rupture. I explore four ruptures in order to read this interrupted genealogy: 1) from the interruption that compels the project of political literature to start from scratch, without an archive of accumulated experience for emancipation; 2) from the cracks that this literature opens up in the wall of historicism, challenging the narrative of power and claiming the place of the subaltern classes in the history; 3) from the break with the ideology of literature, seeking a new discourse of emancipation, beyond the literary form; 4) from the rupture that we experience today, from the transition to democracy to the present, as readers without a repertory of literary voices to think the emancipation. Finally, this article proposes the necessity to build an archive ?in the Foucauldian sense? not only to catalogue this forgotten literature, but also make it legible in an ideological sense.
- Cultura obrera : un intento de definición(2019) Vicente Hernando, César deThe difficulties that exist in humanistic studies to define workers' culture have given rise to numerous theoretical problems. In the first part, they are addressed and it is about establishing four fundamental points in the theoretical construction of the concept of culture, to later analyze what is a cultural fact. In a third section, attempts are made to establish the historical conditions for the emergence of workers' culture as a result of specific social, economic and political transformations. At the same time, the two great periods that characterize this culture are sketched: the time of the mass-worker and that of the social-worker. Finally, its disappearance in the 21st century is justified.
- Un archivo vivo de la guerra civil española. El auténtico archivo de la guerra(2019) Pastor Núñez, GuillermoThe mobilisation of resources during the Spanish Civil War extended even into the areas of Culture, Patrimony and Heritage. Although the most well known initiatives in Heritage Management are those concerning the Prado Museum or the National Library, since the beginning the creation of a War Archive that would gather written testimonies of all the military units or political associations that fought in defense of the Republic was considered. After the outcome of war, this archive was confiscated and lost its original nature. The documents that composed it ended up in several different conservation centres and are currently disseminated under other pretences. With this material presently fragmented, it has been possible to reconstruct the archive history and destiny after the war. Moreover, this historical reconstruction has allowed to re-establish the true purpose and nature of this archiving initiative as an element of fight and propaganda, it uses its records to narrate the social mobilisation that took place in defense of the Republic. Recently, spontaneous initiatives, that related to the Civil War archive, have succeeded in converting archives into a living instrument with a social function and class claims.
- El laberinto mágico. Campo Cerrado y Campo Abierto, de Max Aub(2019) Castaño Santos, Soledad
- Cáncer e identidad. La aparición de esta enfermedad en la vida de las personas afectadas(2019) Villar Baile, ÁlvaroThrough this text I try to analyze the appearance of the diagnosis of cancer in the social context of the affected person, using for this three theoretical points: (1) The irruption of the disease as a critical event within the life of the affected person. (2) The development of a process of identification, understanding the affected person as a reflective individual capable of facing the bankruptcy of old referents. And, finally, (3) the ideal of a healthy person as a unit of analysis derived from all the above, understanding as such a normative and autonomous individual with respect to whom the diagnosed person assimilates his new position. The articulation of these three elements, together with other components developed around my situation as a person familiar with the process I try to analyze, have been determining factors in the development of a parallel methodology. Resorting to two different research techniques: a first self-ethnographic work developed during and after my own experience, accompanied by the subsequent realization of in-depth interviews based on the idea of a biographical story. Taking into account three main analysis scales: the intimate sphere, the primary socialization group and the hospital institution.
- Riesgos y manipulaciones en la recuperación de la obra de Andrés Carranque de Ríos(2019) Arias Careaga, RaquelSince the edition of Andrés Carranque de Ríos? last novel in 1936, his works have enjoyed a slow and increasing recovery. His name, hardly included in manuals of Literature in 50?, 60? years of last century, now is habitual in this kind of books, and all his novels, poems, and tales have been published again. Approaching to the literary criticism about the author, this work shows and confirm that, while specialized works insert Carranque de Ríos in the historical context he lived and wrote, the new editions of his texts impose a point of view in what predominate the lack of any ideology in his literature. Our proposition is insert Carranque de Ríos? works in the tradition of the working class culture, written from the edge and against the bourgeois culture of capitalist society. Only in this way can be comprehended the perspective of his texts and their radical new aesthetic.
- Obreros de la imagen : memoria(s) de Gerda Taro(2019) Rossi, MauraAmong the famous names of international photojournalism who converged in Spain during the Civil War, Gerda Taro?s was only recently rediscovered after many decades of oblivion. A fundamental piece of the cooperative action which aimed to the elaboration of an iconography of the Spanish Republic and of the fight undertaken both by the trade unions and, more generally, by the Spanish people menaced by fascism, Taro?s work is a still partially unknown page of the media-related, ideological and political effort towards the constitution of an internationalist movement which was to oppose compactly the raise of nationalist totalitarianism in Europe. Through an analysis of the auto-narration sketched by Taro herself, as well as of the mitification of her death iconized by the French Communist Party and some more recent fictional works where she appears as a literary character, the main aim of this article is to reconstruct the different stages in the construction and transmission of Taro?s collective memory. The ultimate objective is to evaluate where a proper recognition for her antifascist effort has reached the contemporaneity.
- Añorar el destiempo del 68. Futuros pasados para presentes absortos en España y Francia(2019) Beorlegui Zarranz, David; Izquierdo Martín, JesúsBetween ironic distance and weeping gesture, the memory of the so-called ?most historical year of contemporary history? is threatened of being petrified after returning to a past seen as strange and alien to the coordinated of the present. Unlike that generation that thought its future as the expectation of a progress, that left behind consumption and bureaucracy, ours, disaffected with the emancipatory future of modernity and the distopic present in which we are progressively sunk, directs its gaze towards a past. In this past the possible and desirable have been devastated by the practice of the known as impassable, leaning toward retrotopic views that make the past a place we should have never abandoned. This paper proposes an interpretative reading of the memories of 1968 departing from the theoretical assumptions of oral history and cultural studies of memory. Considering the way by which subjects represent historical time to give meaning to their lives, the text rethinks the 68 from the actuality of their future pasts, inviting to recover part of its utopian surplus for the futures awaiting to come.
- María Arondo, ¿una voz representativa de las 'bonnes' españolas en París? Clase, género, raza y migración(2019) Negrete Peña, RocíoEn 1975, una empleada doméstica española escribió y publicó en las ediciones Stock, en París, un relato autobiográfico titulado Moi, la bonne, (Yo, la criada). María Arondo emigró en 1963 y empezó a trabajar en varios empleos del sector del servicio doméstico a domicilio, hasta que pasó a desempeñar tareas en la JOCF, sindicato obrero cristiano, como liberada. Su relato es el discurso de una trabajadora de origen social modesto, pero también el de una extranjera, además del de una mujer que realiza un oficio propio de mujeres. Pero, además, se inserta en un contexto histórico de fuerte inmigración española en Francia, donde la figura de la bonne aún permanece en los imaginarios. Su toma de conciencia de las diversas discriminaciones imbricadas de las que es víctima y sus formas de resistencia serán analizadas con el objetivo de contextualizar su discurso. Una voz obrera, femenina, inmigrante y empoderada que refiere su progresiva construcción de una identidad de clase, de género y de raza ligada a sus experiencias laborales y militantes.
- ?Las mujeres hacemos fuerza, aunque los hombres quieran negarlo" : el trabajo doméstico bajo el franquismo en la narrativa social de Dolores Medio(2019) Somolinos Molina, CristinaDomestic labour has been a topic that Dolores Medio?s narrative has addressed by using the aesthetics of social realism. Although literary historiography has barely paid attention to the work of women writers, there were some of them who did use that language to represent women?s experiences and problems under Francoism. Our aim is to analyze two novels by Dolores Medio, Funcionario público (1956) y Bibiana (1963), in order to enquire into the imaginaries of labour that they diffuse, as well as the critique of hegemonic discourses about domestic labour and the possibilities of housewives to resist the conditions that were imposed to them by Francoist regime.
- De la (des)memoria a la sociedad del espectáculo. Descubrimiento, trayectoria y repercusión de la figura de Luisa Carnés. Entrevista a Iliana Olmedo(2019) Martínez Fernández, Ángela; Olmedo, IlianaEntrevista a Iliana Olmedo
- Blocos/batucadas en los barrios obreros de Madrid. La percusión colectiva como cultura de clase(2019) Fernández Cordero, CarolinaInfluenced by Afro blocos and European anti-globalization movements, the first Brazilian drum blocos (batucadas) were formed in Madrid during the first decade of the millennium. Their continuous presence in the streets in the years of the crisis and later in the 15M movement has turned them into a cultural and essential phenomenon in any popular progressive claim. Some of them, whether located at or linked to the neighborhoods and / or anti-capitalist movements of the working-class districts in the city, become part of their daily environment by participating in local demands and festivities. Their music, intended as a tool for social transformation, contributes to the neighborhood network and its citizen coexistence. This essay traces the history of the blocos which are born or located in the working-class districts of Madrid city, both in the northern area (Hortaleza and Fuencarral) and in the southern area (Carabanchel, Vallecas and Usera); while analyzing their organization, development and connections from their beginnings in the early years of the millennium to the present time.
- La Enciclopedia del Obrero. La revolución editorial anarquista 1881-1923(2019) Civantos Urrutia, AlejandroOnce convinced that social revolution would be impossible following the criteria established by middle-class, Spanish anarchists promoted a transformation without precedent of the fixed cultural models that found within the world of publishing one of its most solid basis. Being convinced that existent systems were corrupted and at the service of the leading class, in transition from XIX to XX century, new means of work production and promotion were practised; new concepts of what a book was and what issues it should tackle opened a debate that strongly caught on with new readers; changed the editorial outlook of the coming century completely and even attracted many left wing middle-class people, who were inspired by it for the new literary humanization of the 1930s. Aware of the subversion power of this alternative cultural model motivated by anarchist publishers, national oligarchy reacted with rage to those proposals by strongly repressing the instigators, prosecuting their works and causing their fall under Primo de Rivera?s dictatorship.
- ?Un corresponsal en cada fábrica?. La búsqueda de la CGTA para dar voz a las bases en su Semanario(2019) Canda, Mariana SolIn this paper we will analyze the call that the CGT de los Argentinos made to incorporate into their media of graphic circulation, the Semanario CGT, the direct testimony of workers who adhered to the causes that this workers' central proposed. Addressing first what has been written about the subject in question, we will establish the context in which this experience is inscribed (from the historical as well as the organizational). Our goal is to inquire about the place that this working modality occupied in the Semanario in the construction of the political identity of the CGTA. We will identify it from the analysis of the notes written by workers' bases between 1968 and 1970, which responded to the call made by the editors of the weekly. We will also explain what other ways of encouraging worker participation were explained in the Semanario, as well as the setbacks and debates that generated this initiative.
- Los trabajadores de la fábrica Jabón Federal en los años setenta : una reconstrucción histórica y diferentes narrativas(2019) Moriconi, MartinaThis paper seeks to contribute to studies focused on restoring workers' perspectives from the 1970s. Therefore, an approach that integrates aspects of daily life will be privileged in order to understand the complexity of those years since ?as several authors have demonstrated? the last military dictatorship implied violent and traumatic experiences for many people, while for others it was a stage of "normality". Based on the case of the Jabón Federal factory located in La Matanza (Buenos Aires), the representations of workers without political militancy about workers who are victims of state terrorism will be investigated first, and for this purpose, their memories of the manufacturing climate will be contemplated. Afterwards, the identities of the disappeared workers will be restored as well as the political plot in which they were inserted with the purpose of reconstructing at least a small part of the histories destroyed by the dictatorship. To address both objectives, we will use various sources: oral interviews with former workers (employees and workers) and hierarchical personnel; interviews with relatives and colleagues of disappeared workers; press of armed organizations; police files; and databases of human rights organizations.
- ¿Sexo contra sexo o clase contra clase? El género y la clase en los debates del feminismo español (1975-1980)(2019) Gahete Muñoz, SorayaIn the Spanish feminist movement of the mid-seventies there was a series of debates related to two categories of analysis: class and gender. These two categories were very present in the discussions of the different feminist organizations, insofar as they were an important part of the identity of these subjects. From this in-depth debate, a series of "confrontations" or different positions were derived: defense of the single / double militancy, women / women, socialism / patriarchy or working class / women's class. In the same way, although not with the same intensity, age was another important factor in the feminist movement that gave rise to found positions. In this article we will analyze different texts in which this class / gender/ age debate is collected and how different positions are derived from it, represented in the different feminist organizations.
