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Language Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2019. Vol. 11, no. 11
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- Influence of marginal bone loss on peri-implantitis : systematic review of literature(2019) Carrasco-GarcÃa, Alba; Castellanos Cosano, Lizett; Corcuera Flores, José Ramón; RodrÃguez-Pérez, Antonio; Torres Lagares, Daniel; Machuca-Portillo, GuillermoThe marginal bone of dental implants is subjected to slight load modifications over time, conditioning implant survival. Objective: Perform a systematic review of the literature analyzing the factors that contribute to marginal bone loss (MBL) and the subsequent development of peri-implantitis. Bibliographic research in the databases PubMed, Medline and Scopus between 2010 and 2018 was performed. The inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 10 years and that were in English or Spanish, that were carried out on humans, that were cohort studies, that included cases and controls or that used randomized clinical trials. Exclusion criteria removed articles that contained clinical cases, case series or systematic reviews. A total of 90 articles were analyzed that examined all the factors reported in the literature, such as idiosyncratic factors, toxic habits, systemic drugs and implant characteristics (diameter, length, type surface, implant connection, implant design and type of platform at the moment of the prosthetic load). Discussion: Patient characteristics and associated pathologies must be taken into account when assessing MBL. MBL in all dental implants can be considered independent of the type of prosthetic rehabilitation and the moment of load; this was emphasized. The MBL is smaller in dental implants with rough surfaces, switch platforms and infracrestal localization, as they are of multifactorial origin. All the reviewed articles maintain a common criterion regarding the concept and measurement of the MBL and highlighting the importance of radiodiagnosis for quantification. Longterm prospective studies with unified criteria are needed to reduce bias by identifying the most relevant factors in MBL.
- The impact of restorative material and ceramic thickness on CAD\CAM endocrowns(2019) Tribst, João Paulo Mendes; Dal Piva, Amanda-Maria-de Oliveira; Madruga, Camila-Ferreira-Leite; Valera, Marcia-Carneiro; Bresciani, Eduardo; Bottino, Marco Antônio; de Melo, Renata-MarquesEndocrown restorations as a conservative approach to restore endodontically treated teeth still need in vitro investigation under fatigue and made in different materials. This study evaluated the effect of restorative material and restoration thickness on the maximum fracture load of endocrowns subjected to cyclic loading. Sixty (60) third molar teeth received an endocrown preparation with three different heights of remaining dental tissue (1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 mm). A leucite-based ceramic (LEU) and a lithium disilicate (LD) based ceramic were selected to manufacture the CAD/CAM endocrown restorations, totaling 6 groups (n=10). The specimens were subjected to fatigue loading (200N, 2 x 106 cycles, water) and then to the single load to failure test (1 mm/min crosshead speed). Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p< 0.05). All endocrowns survived the fatigue test. The thickness did not influence the restoration?s fracture load (p=0.548) instead the restorative material (p=0.003). LD showed higher mean values (1714.43 N)A than LEU (1313.47 N)B. Endocrowns manufactured with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate blocks showed superior fracture load than the leucite-based blocks after mechanical fatigue. Nevertheless, both materials presented acceptable survival and fracture load as long as the material?s minimum thickness and the enamel adhesion are respected.
- Effectiveness of different disinfection techniques of the root canal in the elimination of a multi-species biofilm(2019) Teves, Abel; Blanco, Daniel; Casaretto, Mario; Torres, John; Alvarado, Debora; Jaramillo, David E.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different root canal disinfection techniques in the elimination of a multi-species biofilm from inside the root canal. Fifty mandibular first premolars were used in the present study, standardized to 11mm of root length, and instrumented with a reciprocation system Reciproc, (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) to a #50. Longitudinally sectioned halves of the roots were obtained and washed with NaOCl 4%, EDTA 17% and 5% sodium thiosulfate, and sterilized by autoclaving for 15 minutes at 121°C. A multi-species biofilm broth was developed with three strains of bacteria under laboratory conditions: Enterococcus faecalis ATTC 29212, Eikenella corrodens ATTC 23834, Streptococcus anginosus ATTC 33397. Roots were autoclaved and transferred to the broth for 4 days and then were subjected to either disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 4% and XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) or chlorhexidine 2% with and without activation with XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland). The evaluations of the biofilm elimination showed results that indicate that the 4% sodium hypochlorite group with positive pressure irrigation presented significant differences with the group that had irrigation with sodium hypochlorite activated with XP-endo Finisher and the chlorhexidine groups to 2% (P<0.05). Chlorhexidine 2% activated with the XP-endo Finisher does not exert elimination or improved cleaning effect on the multi-species biofilm. Activation of sodium hypochlorite 4% improved the elimination of the multi-species biofilm.
- Five years review of extraction frequencies at S.D.M. College of dental sciences and Hospital in orthodontic department(2019) Indra, Shanthiprasad; Arun Kumar, M.S.; Indra, Niranjanaprasad; Ramesh, G.C.; Chinthan, Ganesh; Bharadwaj, SachinTo find out the frequency of extraction in general, in Class I, Class II Class III patients, and to compare the frequency of extraction among sex and age. 550 cases were selected retrospectively having detailed case history, complete records of facial photographs, lateral cephalogram, orthopantomographs and study models. Frequency of extraction was evaluated separately for class I, class II and class III malocclusion and for sex and ages, using the records collected. Show that there was 59.80% of extraction in general. Comparison of sex shows that there were 66.60 of extraction in females. The mean age of males for extraction was 17.85 +/- 4.18 and the mean age of females was 18.36 +/_ 4.89. Among all the groups, Class I malocclusion shows 89% of extraction. There was higher frequency of extraction comprising in general. Comparison of sex shows that there was higher frequency of extraction in females. Comparison of age shows that extraction frequency is more in late adolescent period. Among all the groups, Class I malocclusion shows higher frequency of extraction.
- Effects of piezocision in orthodontic tooth movement : a systematic review of comparative studies(2019) Figueiredo, Daniel-Santos-Fonseca; Houara, Ricardo-Gontijo; Pinto, Larissa-Salgado-da Mata-Cid; Diniz, Amanda-Rafaela; de Araújo, Vânia-Eloisa; Thabane, Lehana; Soares, Rodrigo-Villamarim; Oliveira, Dauro-DouglasThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of piezocision in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and its possible adverse effects. The Databases Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and LILACS were searched until March 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that used piezocision associated with orthodontic treatment. A manual search was also performed. The search, studies selection, assessment of risk of bias and data collection were carried out by two independent reviewers. Eleven publications were included in this review (4 CCTs and 7 RCTs). No study presented low risk of bias. Different types of tooth movement were evaluated: lower anterior alignment, en-masse retraction, overall orthodontic treatment and canine distalization. A total of 240 participants were analyzed in the included studies. Seven studies found significant acceleration in the piezocision group, while two studies found no differences. Adverse effects regarding patient?s satisfaction, pain perception, or worsening of periodontal parameters were not observed. There was no consensus concerning anchorage loss and root resorption. The literature does not provide high-quality evidence to confirm that Piezocision results in significant OTM acceleration. Therefore, high-quality RCTs should be conducted to allow reliable conclusions about the effects of piezocision in orthodontics.
- Retrospective evaluation of the clinical performance of direct composite restorations using the snow-plow technique : up to 4 years follow-up(2019) Boruziniat, Alireza; Khaki, Hossein; Majidinia, SaraTo evaluate the clinical performance of direct composite restorations using the snowplow technique with up to 4 years of follow-up. In this retrospective study, 101 class II composite restorations which were placed in permanent molars (n = 19) and premolars (n = 82) in 85 patients by the snowplow technique, were evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria. A Kaplan-Meier analysis with a 95% confidence level was used to calculate the survival probability. Of the 101 teeth examined, tooth failure was identified in 8 teeth due to secondary caries (3%), marginal gap (2%), marginal discoloration (1%) and restoration breakdown (2%) which required replacement of the whole restoration. Sixteen teeth achieved a Bravo score and just needed to be repaired. The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis regarding overall survival estimates of composite-treated teeth using the snowplow technique at 1-, 2-, 3- and 4- year follow-ups were 99%, 96.2%, 89.6% and 79% respectively. The median survival times of composite restorations using the snowplow technique were 46.49 ± 11.47 month. This retrospective study showed that application of a flowable composite as a liner using the snowplow technique does not improve the clinical survival of posterior composite restorations.
- Does comsumption of staining drinks compromise the result of tooth whitening?(2019) Nogueira, Jhones-Suelone-Pontes; Lins-Filho, Paulo-Cardoso; Dias, Marlon-Ferreira; Silva, Marianna-Falcão; Guimarães, Renata-PedrosaAfter dental bleaching procedures dentists commonly advise patients to reduce the consumption of beverages that may cause the teeth to stain, however, the effectiveness of teeth whitening may not be directly affected by diet. It was evaluated through in vitro study whether contact with dyes through in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide would influence the effectiveness of treatment. Sixty bovine incisors were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 12) according to contact frequency and type of dye solutions. All dental elements received three in-office bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide one week apart. Except for GCTRL (control), all experimental groups were submerged in dyes (coffee or wine) for 5 min once a day. In groups GC24 and GW24 contact with the dyes was made from 24 hours after each bleaching session, while in groups GC72 and GW72, from 72 hours. The color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. Data were expressed as statistics: mean and standard deviation. Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide did not influence the staining averages after three bleaching sessions. The speed of the whitening effect was influenced by contact with coffee from 24 hours after the sessions and with wine from 24 hours and 72 hours after the whitening session. The whitening result was reversed after one week for all groups, especially for groups that came in contact with red wine either 24 hours or 72 hours after session and coffee after 24 hours. Contact with dyes during in-office bleaching treatment did not influence the final staining averages after three bleaching sessions although there was influence on speed of the whitening effect between the sessions.
- Retrospective study of 124 cases of salivary gland tumors and literature review(2019) Reinheimer, Angélica; Vieira, Daniella-Serafin-Couto; Cordeiro, Mabel-Mariela-RodrÃguez; Rivero, Elena-Riet-CorreaSalivary gland tumors are a rare and morphologically diverse group of lesions and their frequency is still unknown in several parts of the world. The knowledge of its population characteristics contributes to a better understanding of its etiopathogenesis. Objectives: This study investigated the frequency of salivary gland tumors in a region of southern Brazil and compared these data in a literature review. A retrospective study was conducted of salivary gland tumors diagnosed at two pathology centers from 1995 to 2016. Patient age and gender, tumor site and frequency, histopathological diagnosis, and symptomatology were evaluated. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the associations between variables. To compare our data, we also conducted a literature review of publications in the PubMed and LILACS databases of retrospective studies of salivary gland tumors. A total of 124 salivary gland tumor cases was identified, 81 (65.3%) of which were classified as benign and 43 (34.6%) as malignant. Most tumors occurred in the parotid gland (57.2%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common tumor (59.6%), followed by adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (8.8%). The tumors occurred more often in women (54.8%) than in men (45.2%). Malignant tumors were associated with pain in 31.4% of cases (p<0.05). The literature review included 35 articles from different countries. Women were most affected, with a mean age of 41.7 years. The most common benign tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (48.2%) and the most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (8.7%). The results of the present study showed that salivary gland tumors are rare. The parotid gland is the most common location and pleomorphic adenoma are the most frequent lesions. The malignant tumors presented as several histological types and the incidence was variable globally.
- Effects of sclerosing agents on head and neck hemangiomas : a systematic review(2019) Stuepp, Rúbia-Teodoro; Scotti, Fernanda-Marcello; Melo, Gilberto; Munhoz, Etiene de Andrade; Modolo, FilipeThe aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies that investigated the effects of sclerosing agents on head and neck hemangiomas. Clinical trials, cohort studies, and descriptive studies were considered eligible and selected in a two-phase process. Six main electronic databases, in addition to three grey literature databases, were searched. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the ?Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument? checklist. From fifty-six considered eligible, five were finally included. One article were judged at low, one at moderate, and three at high RoB. The sclerosing agents investigated were sodium tetradecyl sulphate (n=2), ethanolamine oleate (n=1), pingyangmycin (n=1) and bleomycin (n=1). Overall, good results were achieved on the treatment of head and neck hemangiomas with intralesional sclerotherapy. Most commonly reported adverse effects included pain, swelling, fever, necrosis, transient facial palsy, and anorexia. Considering the limited number of included studies, intralesional sclerotherapy on the management of HN hemangiomas presented overall good results with minor adverse reactions, especially in regards to smaller lesions.
- Salivary Cytokines in patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) treated with Radiotherapy(2019) Principe, Sara; Dikova, Valentina R.; Bagán Sebastián, José VicenteHead and Neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. The 5-year survival rate depends on early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Typically, late diagnosis requires not only surgical intervention, but also radiotherapy treatment combined or not with chemotherapy. Ionizing radiation is known to increase the expression of a number of cytokines involved in inflammation, wound healing and toxicity areas. Salivary cytokines have promising features to be used as biomarkers for disease screening and outcome prediction in this malignancy. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of salivary inflammatory response elements in HNC patients treated with radiotherapy, their modulation and association with the treatment outcome. A bibliographical search was performed on Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase using the following keywords: cytokines, saliva, head and neck cancer, radiotherapy. The cut-off point for the research were scientific papers published over the last 10 years. After a two-step selection process, 15 articles were identified and subjected to review. Radiotherapy treatment was shown to influence a number of salivary cytokines. A trend towards a growth of IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-? levels was observed and it correlated with the irradiation dose. The analysis of salivary cytokines could be a useful biomarker for predicting radiotherapy outcome in HNC. However, large-scale investigations are required to validate the use of these cytokines in predicting and diagnosing HNC, as well as evaluating the response to the treatment.
- In vitro investigation of the impact of remaining tooth structure on the tensile failure loads of overdenture copings(2019) Fotiou, Anna; Kamalakidis, Savvas N.; Pissiotis, Argirios; Michalakis, Konstatinos X.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of the remaining tooth structure on the retention of overdenture cast metal copings. A freshly extracted intact mandibular human canine (length 25 mm) was selected and endodontically treated. An incisal reduction of 4 mm with no ferrule preparation was performed and a post space of 12 mm was created. By using polyvinyl siloxane duplication material and autopolymerizing polymethylmethacrylate resin, ten resin teeth analogs (control group) were obtained. A second set of ten resin teeth analogs (group 1) was created by preparing on the original natural tooth a 360o ferrule design of 1 mm in height and by using the same procedural technique. The canine was further reduced by an additional 1 mm, resulting in a ferrule of 2 mm in height, measured from the initial incisal reduction, thus a third set of ten resin teeth analogs (group 2) was created. For every tooth analog in all groups a dome-shaped metal coping was cast and luted with a glass ionomer cement. All specimens were subjected to tensile load testing until decementation occurred. The specimens in the control group exhibited a mean failure load of 87.21 ± 18.26 N, while the 1 mm ferrule group recorded a higher mean failure load of 125.43 ± 8.79 N and the 2 mm ferrule group recorded the highest mean failure load of 146.12 ± 23.38 N. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (F= 28.04, p<0.001) in the tensile failure loads between all of the groups being tested. The metal copings with a 2 mm ferrule design exhibited the highest retention values, followed by the 1 mm ferrule and the no ferrule design, with the differences among them being statistically significant.
- Bond strength and adhesive interfacial micromorphology of self-adhesive resin cements : effect of reduced times of pre-etching(2019) Shafiei, Fereshteh; Kamran, Sahba; Memarpour, Mahtab; Aghaei, TayebehAlthough acid-etching could increase enamel bond strength of self-adhesive (SA) cements, it may lead to negative effect on dentin. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of shortening of phosphoric acid pre-etching duration on enamel/ dentin shear bond strength (SBS) and interfacial microstructure of Panavia SA Luting Plus (PASA) and Bifix SE (BXSE). For both enamel and dentin, effect of pre-etching time was significant (p<0.001); however, effect of cement brand and the interaction of two factors was significant only for dentin (p?0.008). Three pre-etching times increased SBS of both cements to enamel and BXSE to dentin. In case of dentin SBS of PASA, this improvement was significant only for 5 and 10 seconds (p<0.001). Adding acid-etching in the three times to both cements similarly improved interfacial adaptation, particularly for enamel. The evaluations of the biofilm elimination showed results that indicate that the 4% sodium hypochlorite group with positive pressure irrigation presented significant differences with the group that had irrigation with sodium hypochlorite activated with XP-endo Finisher and the chlorhexidine groups to 2% (P<0.05). Interfacial bond strength and adaptation of SA cements used in this study were improved following addition of enamel/dentin etching step for a short time. This was not exceeded for longer times than 5-second.
- Repair bond strength of bulk fill composites after different adhesion protocols(2019) de Medeiros, Thiago-ClÃstines; de Lima, Mariana-Rodrigues; Bessa, Stephany-Cimarosti-Figueiredo; Araujo, Diana Ferreira Gadelha de; Galvão, MarÃlia-RegaladoRepairs in composite resin restorations are common procedures in clinical practice. Many surface treatment options have been proposed to improve the adhesion between the old and new composite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of repairs performed on aged bulk fill and conventional composites after different adhesion protocols. First, 84 specimens (8x8x4 mm3) of a microhybrid composite and a high-viscosity bulk fill composite were prepared and aged. Afterward, they received a mechanical surface treatment by means of abrasion with a diamond bur, followed by division into six groups according to the adhesion protocol employed: PSA - etching with 35% phosphoric acid + silane + etch-and-rinse adhesive; SA - silane + etch-and-rinse adhesive; PA - etching with 35% phosphoric acid + etch-and-rinse adhesive; A - etch-and-rinse adhesive; PU - 35% phosphoric acid + universal adhesive; and U - universal adhesive. The repairs were performed with a microhybrid composite. Repaired resin blocks were cut into sticks (8x1x1 mm3) and submitted to a microtensile test. Fractured specimens were evaluated to determine the failure pattern (adhesive or cohesive). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. No statistically significant differences were found in bond strength values among different adhesion protocols and composite types. The repair bond strength of a bulk fill composite was similar to that found in a conventional composite, with no distinction among adhesion protocols.
- Blood absorption capacity of different xenograft bone substitutes. An in-vitro study(2019) Ortiz Puigpelat, Octavi; Simões, Andreia; Caballé-Serrano, Jordi; Hernández-Alfaro, FedericoCommercially available xenograft blocks, claim to have adequate characteristics to interact with biological media and thus permitting biological fluid absorption. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the blood absorption capacity of four different xenograft block materials of different composition of collagen and porosity. Four brands of xenograft block materials were used (NuOss®, Bio-Oss®, Osteobiol® and Smartbone®). Five samples of each brand were analyzed, making a total of 20 tests. Human blood was used as the absorption liquid for the present experiment. The time period, in which the block remains in contact with the blood, was registered at 30 seconds (T1), 60 seconds (T2) and 5 minutes (T3). The xenograft blocks were evaluated according to their absorption capacity. The absorption capacity of the different biomaterials were statistical significant different (p<0,001) at T1, T2 and T3 time points. At 30 seconds, Smartbone® absorbed significantly less blood than NuOss® and Bio-Oss®, however, without differences comparing with Osteobiol®. The NuOss®, Bio-Oss® and Osteobiol® did not register any significant difference between them. At 60 seconds, the Smartbone® absorbed significantly less blood than the other biomaterials. The NuOss® was significantly superior than Osteobiol®, but without differences relatively with Bio-Oss®. Also the Bio-Oss® and Osteobiol® did not register any difference between them. At 5 minutes, the Smatbone® continued to significantly absorbed less blood than any other biomaterial, nevertheless, NuOss®, Bio-Oss® and Osteobiol® not register again any significant difference between them. Despite of small sample size, it can be concluded that NuOss® was superior, in terms of blood absorption capacity, comparing with the other block biomaterials at 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 5 minutes. However, more investigation in a clinical setting are needed to know the clinical implications of the absorption capacity of such biomaterials.
- Dental water jet efficacy in the plaque control of orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance : a randomized controlled trial(2019) Mazzoleni, Sergio; De Stefani, Alberto; Bordin, Carola; Balasso, Paolo; Bruno, Giovanni; Gracco, AntonioDifferent studies assess the role of fixed orthodontic appliances in supragingival plaque accumulation. In patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances a good management of oral hygiene is required in order to prevent complication like as decay, enamel demineralization, gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia and periodontitis. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is to evaluate the efficacy of the use of a DWJ in patients under orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliance. The study design was single-blinded RCT with a split mouth protocol. Each patient followed a personal cleaning protocol using a DWJ in addition to traditional brushing only on one side while just brushing on the control side. The side on which was decided to use the DWJ was chosen randomly and the dental hygienist who took the measurements was blind. Plaque and gingival indexes were evaluated at baseline and at one, three and six-months follow-up. It did not emerge any difference in the plaque and gingival indexes trend between the two groups. Patients initially reported an worsening of the indexes at one month evaluation, then they set at baseline levels at three and six months. The dental water jet does not improve significantly the efficacy of home oral hygiene in orthodontic patients wearing a multi-bracket fixed appliance. Patients did not show the traditional worsening during the whole orthodontic therapy.
