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Language Cuadernos electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho. No 39
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- Desplazados medioambientales y Derechos Humanos : una construcción conceptual sine qua non para su protección jurídica internacional | Environmental displaced people and human rights: a conceptual construct as previous step for their international legal protection(2019) Gracia Pérez, DanielThis paper is based on the hypothesis that it is not possible to design an international protection regime for people displaced by environmental disruptions without first clarifying what is meant by "environmental displaced" and how this understanding has been reached. Thus, the article is structured in two parts. The first of them aims to reconstruct how the concept of environmentally displacement has been shaped in academic thinking, both from environmental and migratory studies. The second one, on the other hand, analyzes the first definition of environmental displaced which appears, with a legal vocation, on the international scene and the influence that those previous streams have had on it.
- La inclusión educativa de las personas con discapacidad y la interfaz con los derechos humanos : avances y desafíos | The educational inclusion of people with disabilities and the interface with human rights: progress and challenges(2019) Martins, Lisiê Melo; Ramos Martins, Lúcia de AraújoFaced with the principles of diversity and inclusion of all people in the right to education, this study aims to promote a reflection on the historical and political milestones that discuss the effectiveness of the educational inclusion of people with disabilities and the transversality between Inclusive Education and Human Rights. International contexts are highlighted, and specifically Brazilian educational scenario pointing out advances and challenges.
- El trabajo decente en la era digital : colectivos más vulnerables | Decent work in the digital era: most vulnerable groups(2019) Lenzi, OlgaResumen:El debate entorno a los efectos laborales de la digitalización sigue abierto. La incesante evolución de las innovaciones tecnológicas preocupa a la sociedad por los efectos que podría tener en la organización de la producción, las relaciones de trabajo y, sobre todo, en determinados colectivos, especialmente vulnerables. Si bien todavía se desconocen el alcance y las consecuencias que la revolución tecnológica podría tener en el empleo, cabe plantearse hasta qué punto este nuevo escenario puede contribuir en el cumplimiento del 8º Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas: el trabajo decente y el crecimiento económico. Summary:The debate concerning the impact of digitalization upon employment remains open. The constant evolution of technological innovations concerns society due to the effects that it may have on the organisation of the production, labor relations and, primarily, on especially vulnerable groups. Even though the dimension and consequences of the technological revolution upon employment remain yet unknown, this raises the question about whether this new scenario may contribute in the fulfillment of the 8th Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations: decent work and economic growth.
- El exilio republicano español a la luz del movimiento por los derechos humanos en Naciones Unidas. Notas para su estudio | The Spanish Republican exile in the light of the movement for human rights in the United Nations. Notes for your study(2019) Blasco Gil, YolandaThe purpose of this paper is to know the influence of the Spanish republican university students of the exile in the gestation of the universal declaration of human rights, of 1948. An advance of the study that is carried out is exposed, to show that the universal declaration articulated ideals of the exiled republicans, manifested in the First Meeting of Havana of 1943. The exile and the opposition to the Francoism would influence, as far as they could, in this movement for human rights.
- Crimen en la playa de los Molles. La construcción de la verdad a propósito de una estudio de caso sobre la violación de Derechos Humanos en Chile | Crime on Playa Los Molles. The Crafting of Truth Based on a Case Study of Human Rights Violations in Chile(2019) Rodrigo Mateu, BertaThe Mass Media have an unquestionable responsibility in the defense and promotion of Human Rights. Moreover, they have the moral and ethical obligation to provide information based on truth and objectivity. What happens with the Media in dictatorships where the violation of Human Rights is systematically practiced? What social responsibility do these have in the sustenance and survival of dictatorships? This article delves into this question with regard to a case study, the disappearance of the young Chilean Marta Hugarte during the dictatorship of General Pinochet.
- La noción de dignidad en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos | The concept of dignity in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(2019) Sánchez Patrón, José ManuelThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the dignity of the human being five times. This contribution seeks to examine the meaning and effects of the notion of dignity within the framework of the aforementioned international instrument on the occasion of its seventieth anniversary.
- La vigencia de los Derechos Humanos en la actualidad : hacia la justiciabilidad como medio y como fin en las relaciones entre Derechos Humanos y Empresas | The observance of Human Rights currently: towards justiciability as a means and as an end in the relationship between Human Rights and Business(2019) Sales Pallarés, LorenaResumen: La tensión que se produce en las relaciones entre derechos humanos y empresas nos sirve de punto de partida para reflexionar sobre la esclavitud moderna y la forma de afrontar su regulación. En el escenario actual, donde los actores internacionales tradicionales comparten espacio y poder con las grandes corporaciones, optar normas de hard lawo de soft lawtiene más implicaciones de las que parecen. La revisión de las actuaciones legislativas de los últimos años nos llevan a pensar que el apoyo de la iniciativa del Binding Treatyes el mejor modo de proteger los derechos humanos frente a las empresas.
- Los defensores de los derechos humanos | Human rights defenders(2019) Fernández Marugán, FranciscoResumen: Los derechos humanos, positivados como derechos y libertades fundamentales, son esenciales para una convivencia justa y pacífica. La globalización ha provocado el establecimiento de una visión de los derechos limitada casi exclusivamente a dar certidumbre jurídica al capital. Para cambiar este modelo por otro respetuoso con la condición humana resulta imprescindible el multilateralismo, la solidaridad y la cooperación internacional. El Defensor del Pueblo, institución introducida en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico en la Constitución de 1978, actúa ante las administraciones públicas por el ejercicio real ejercicio de las libertades y los derechos fundamentales, colaborando activamente en revertir la situación.
- Niños robados : deberes pendientes para España en el acceso a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación | Stolen babies: pending issues for Spain regarding access to truth, justice and reparation(2019) Vanyó Vicedo, RaquelThis article takes as a starting point the case of abducted children in Spain and seeks to analyse the progress that has been made in terms of truth, justice and reparation in the international sphere. The work intends to encourage a critical reflection about our own historical memory and at the same time, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration, point out all the human rights duties that are still pending.
- La vulneración de los principios de solidaridad y no devolución por parte del Estado español en el ámbito de la protección internacional | The violation of the principles of solidarity and non-refoulement by the Spanish State in the context of international protection(2019) Morcillo Marco, Paula; Martínez Reyes, AlbertoResumen: La presente investigación se centra en la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de la población refugiada por parte del Estado español a raíz del auge de políticas de asilo y de control migratorio cada vez más restrictivas, basadas en un marcado enfoque securitario de control fronterizo. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo focalizado en el incumplimiento de los principios de solidaridad y no devolución consagrados en la Convención de Ginebra de 1951.
- Los derechos humanos en el centro de la Esfera internacional y nacional : nuevos paradigmas hacia la paz y la justicia | Human rights at the center of the international and national Sphere: new paradigms towards peace and justice(2019) Salvioli, FabiánHuman rights at the center of the international and national Sphere: new paradigms towards peace and justice
- Derechos humanos y empresas transnacionales : las debilidades del tercer pilar derivadas de las normas de promoción de inversiones. El caso Chevron como paradigma de la necesidad del Binding Treaty(2019) Guamán Hernández, AdoraciónABSTRACT. The text is focus on the need to develop internationally binding standards on transnational corporations and human rights in order to bring their impunity to an end, as well as ensuring access to justice for the victims and the reparation of the consequences. By analysing the Chevron case, the text reflects that although there are different initiatives at international level aimed at encouraging transnational companies to behave respectfully, these initiatives continue to be insufficient, either because of their lack of obligation or because of their partial nature, dependent on the voluntariness of these transnational economic actors. The Chevron case and the arbitration awards adopted during the arbitration proceedings against the Republic of Ecuador show an alarming paradox: certain rights, such as access to justice, designed to protect human rights as a whole, are being used to full effect to safeguard the profits of economic entities. This case, together with many other crimes, supports the idea that the process of Resolution 26/9, the so called Binding Treaty, is currently the only one potentially capable of ensuring the access to justice and remedies to victims.
- Barrios vulnerables : ¿derecho a la vivienda o vulnerabilidad de derechos? Una aproximación desde la exclusión residencial | Vulnerable neighbourhoods: right to housing o vulnerability of rights? An approximation from residential exclusion(2019) Caravantes López de Lerma, Gloria MaríaResumen: Es objeto del presente artículo analizar el derecho universal a la vivienda a partir del estudio de caso del barrio El Gallito (Guatemala) y La Coma (España) a través de la metodología cualitativa de la audición y la búsqueda en fuentes estadísticas sobre el índice de desarrollo humano. Entre los resultados más destacados, se aprecian tanto semejanzas como diferencias con intensidades y matices diferentes derivados de los condicionantes estructurales que entraña su ubicación en el Sur y en el Norte, así como los propios factores de riesgo de cada uno de los barrios objeto de estudio.
- Los Derechos Humanos de las Víctimas de Trata con finalidad de Explotación Sexual | The Human Rights of Victims of Trafficking for the purpose of Sexual Exploitation(2019) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Francisco MiguelThe international human rights framework establishes three main obligations of States, in the fight against the trafficking of women and girls: "prevention, investigation, prosecution?.Spain with the" State Pact on Gender Violence", aims to legislative implementation of public policies to protect victims, as well as the fight against crime, through bodies and institutions immersed in enabling coordination to provide the most effective response against organized crime in the face of the challenge of globalization and implement human rights of the victims.
- Límites penales a la libertad de expresión : sobre el enaltecimiento del terrorismo en redes sociales | Free speech criminalisation: the exaltation of terrorism offences through social networks(2019) Correcher Mira, JorgeResumen El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la creación mediante las redes sociales de un nuevo espacio de control social, denominado panóptico digital. En este contexto, son analizados los límites a la libertad de expresión que representa la reforma introducida en los delitos de enaltecimiento del terrorismo y humillación a las víctimas mediante la reforma de la LO 2/2015 en materia de delitos de terrorismo. Sobre esta cuestión, son consideradas las deficiencias presentadas por la nueva redacción del precepto, que viene a configurar un régimen donde el rigor punitivo parece ser la norma, como muestra la posibilidad de agravar la pena cuando estos comportamientos sean realizados mediante el uso de redes sociales.
- La necesaria codificación del derecho humano al agua y el saneamiento | The necessary codification of the human right to drinking water and sanitation(2019) Álvarez Arcá, IgnacioIn the seventieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights it is of interest to analyze the emergence of a new human right. The human right to drinking water and sanitation was recognized by the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations. However, it has not been included in any binding legal text yet. To ensure its protection it is essential to codify it. The adoption of the 2030 Agenda and the seventieth anniversary of the declaration are a unique framework to include it in the catalogue of human rights.
- La protección en la jurisdicción penal internacional del derecho a la cultura : los crímenes internacionales de destrucción del patrimonio cultural | The protection under international criminal jurisdiction of the right to culture: internacional crimes regarding destruction of cultural heritage(2019) Torres Pérez, MaríaThe present article intends to give a global vision of the protection of the right to culture through international criminal law and in particular, through the tipification of crimes of destruction of cultural heritage. The prosecution of such international crimes has followed the path of other crimes in international criminal law, initially included in the type of war crimes and later overcoming such tipification in order to be treated as a crime against humanity of persecution and even, as indications of a genocidal behavior. In the present international context, the denial of the right to culture as a method of warfare is undeniable in conflicts involving new international actors, so the final solution of international criminal law must progress to become a privileged method of protection.
- Reflexiones en torno al futuro del principio de jurisdicción universal y su aplicación a la criminalidad de las empresas transnacionales | Thoughts on the future of the principle of universal jurisdiction and its implementation to multinational corporate criminality.(2019) Del Valle Calzada, EstrellaMultinational corporations are covered by areas of impunity, despite its violation of basic human rights. This article will develop some legal instruments that pretend to regulate the relationship between corporations and human rights. Moreover, it will analyse the national obligation to prosecute international crimes, also when its perpetrators are enterprises. It will be connected to the principle of universal jurisdiction and its potential effects if it is reintegrated to the Spanish legal framework
- Internet, Big data y nuevas tecnologías : repercusiones y respuestas del ordenamiento jurídico | Internet, Big data and new tecnologies: implications and responses from the legal system(2019) Sancho López, MarinaEach of the movements that occur in the network generates information that is digitized in binary code and it is stored massively. The arbitrariness with which the Big Data corporations operate as well as the opacity of the algorithms used by artificial intelligence have given rise to new forms of violation of rights, where intimacy and honour have been the first victims. This scenario requires a rethinking of legal concepts such as state or private life that have taken a new meanings and, therefore, they demand legal constructions capable of reinforcing control over our most fundamental rights.
- La democracia y los derechos universales frente al auge del populismo | Democracy and universal rights against the rise of populism(2019) Dion, StéphaneDemocracy and universal rights against the rise of populism Opening speech at the International Congress for the 70th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human Rights Institute of the University of Valencia. From December 10 to 12, 2018, Valencia, Spain
