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Language Caplletra : Revista Internacional de Filologia. 2005. No. 38
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- Valors adverbials associats a la conjunció que: un estudi històric(2005) Batllori Dillet, Montserrat; Suñer Gratacós, Avel·linaIn this article we will discuss the causal and final adverbial values connected to the conjunction «que» in Catalan and in other Romanic languages. In the first part, we analyse the evolution of the complex conjunctions system in Classical Latin and the posterior oral usages which originated the preliterary Romanic languages. In the second, we study the causal and final subordinate propositions introduced by the nexus «que». As we will try to show, in Medieval Time the nexus que, as it happens today, was used to introduce both argumentative adjuncts, integrated in the predicate, and propositional adjuncts, more external and with a discursive function. Since the 13th century, the progressive substitution of que through other conjunctions will affect causal subordinate and final circumstantial propositions, but otherwise que will maintain its function to introduce discursive causality and finality, specially in oral language.
- Sintaxi dels clítics pronominals en català medieval(2005) Batllori Dillet, Montserrat; Iglésias Franch, Narcís; Martins, Ana MariaIn this article a classical topic of the studies on historical syntax is analysed: the enclitical or proclitical collocation of atonic pronouns in Catalan. From a Romanic and comparative prespective, it is shown that the clitical pronouns in Old Catalan have a very similar behaviour to the atonic ones in other Romanic lenguages such as, for instance, medieval Spanish or Portuguese, on one hand, and French, on the other. Specifically, we analyse phenomena such as: (i) pronoun collocation in connection to the verb in main and subordinate propositions, in propositions where the verb is the main constituent, in negative propositions, (ii) duplication of clitics or (iii) clitic raising.
- Els auxiliars dels temps compostos en català medieval(2005) Ramos Alfajarín, Joan-RafaelThe study of auxiliary verbs in compound tenses («haver» vs. «Ésser») in Old Catalan is a topic discussed in many works. But no research deeply analysing literary works of the time and using an accurate methodology is available. Our purpose is to show that so significant medieval literary works such as «Llibre de Meravelles» by Ramon Llull, «Llibre dels Fets» by King James I & «Tirant lo Blanch», can also provide very valuable information to understand the phenomenon of change of auxiliary. Referring to usage frequencies, we show that chronology plays a great role in these alternations and outline a whole series of factors that explain the observed evolutive tendencies.
- La selecció de l'auxiliar en els verbs intransitius del català antic: alguns aspectes descriptius i explicatius(2005) Mateu Fontanals, JaumeIn this article it is shown that, taking into account the main ideas of Sorace’s (2000, 2004) descriptive works on auxilary selection, you can explain in a natural way some of Batlle’s (2002) main contributions in connection to Old Catalan. Therefore, for instance, it is expectable that stative and action verbs are the first kind of verbs to admit the substitution of the auxiliary ésser through haver, because these verbs are located in an intermediate position in the so-called Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy. It is also shown that the limits between the lexical semantic classes involved in auxiliary selection are established in a gradual way. Finally, we outline that some of the basic problems descriptive perspectives have in connection to auxiliary selection can be solved by explaining and justifying which are the semantic correlational features that can be codified in the syntax of the argumentative structure in a transparent way (Mateu 2002).
- Connectors i processos de gramaticalització(2005) Cuenca Ordiñana, Maria Josep; Massip i Bonet, M. AngelsIn this article, we analyse the characteristics of the grammaticalization process that originates connectors, taking as analysis corpus the book «Costums de Tortosa». We have identified the temporal forms that became interordinate connectors (causal, consecutive, concessive, conditional and adversative), and have outlined the characteristics of the semantic change and of the sintactical reanalysis which can be observed in this process. As an example of this general process, we have analysed the semantic change in the case «encara» / «encara que» and the sintactical reanalysis in the semifixed structure «jasia ço que».
- Estudi microsintàctic del verb caldre en el català i en l¿actual(2005) Rigau i Oliver, GemmaThe article offers a microsyntactic study about the clitics position in the sentences with impersonal existential verbs belonging to the class of caldre ‘to be necessary’. We contrast the behavior of this deontic verb in Old Catalan and in two present dialects: Ribagorçan Catalan and Central Catalan. It is shown that Ribagorçan dialect is parallel to Old Catalan: clitics related to the infinitive subordinated verb appear adjoined to caldre, in the main clause. This is the case of the clitic u (= «ho») in Old Catalan example «No u cal dir ara» (Roig, Spill, 7048) and its Ribagorçan equivalent: «No ho cal dir ara». However, in Central Catalan, there is not clitic climbing. Clitic objects of the infinitive verb have to remain in the subordinate clause: No cal dir-ho. This type of microcomparative analysis reveal itself as a proper way to establish a solid base for future studies on comparative syntax.
- La quantificació: estudi comparatiu castellà-català(2005) Camus Bergareche, BrunoTaking as a point of departure the classification of modern Spanish quantifiers, the paper opens with a brief description of the inventory of these items in medieval language and the basic traits of their syntactic evolution. The same discussion is made for equivalents words in modern and medieval Catalan in order to establish a picture of the significant evolutionary differences between both languages. Finally, for the sake of a future historical syntax of Catalan, we offer a little catalogue of research proposals on this area of Catalan quantifiers.
- Construcciones con avance estilístico en el catalán antiguo(2005) Fischer, SusannStylistic Fronting is a phenomenon that has been intensively studied with respect to the symmetric Germanic Verb Second languages: Old/Modern Icelandic, Old/Modern Faeroese but also Middle English and Modern Yiddish. Standardly Stylistic Fronting is seen as an operation that moves an element in front of the finite verb in order to rescue the verb second constraint, in sentences that contain a subject gap. With the claim that the Old Romance languages are symmetric verb second languages, it soon followed that inverted elements in embedded contexts were analysed analogously to the Germanic inverted elements, i.e. as displaying Stylistic Fronting (Cardinaletti & Roberts 1991, Fontana 1993). In this paper I will present examples that show an nearly identical case of inversion in Old Catalan; nearly identical, because in Old Catalan there are examples with stylistically fronted elements that don’t obey one of the formulated constraints of Stylistic Fronting: they appear next to a full subject. Furthermore, we find an interesting interplay between Stylistic Fronting and enclitic pronouns: not only that they disappear exactly at the same time in the history of Catalan, they also exclude each other during the time they were possible in Old Catalan. In this paper I hope to show that contrary to recent opinions Stylistic Fronting in Old Romance does have an effect on the information structure of the sentence comparable to the effect that topicalisation has on the information structural interpretation.
- Gramaticalització i funció discursiva dels verbs de percepció(2005) Marín Jordà, Maria JosepThis paper deals with Catalan perception verbs reanalyzed as discourse markers. The study focuses on the forms «aviam, a veure» (derived from veure ‘to see’), «miri» (from mirar ‘to look’), and «escolti» (from escoltar ‘to listen’), in a corpus of electoral debate. The research shows the interrelation between semantic and morphosyntactic features, on the one hand, and between these formal aspects and the pragmatic functions of the markers, on the other hand. The analysis highlights that perception verbs as discourse markers indicate power and politeness relationships among the participants in political debates, and this use is closely related to their origin as (active/passive, visual/auditory) verbs of perception and the different degree of grammaticalization that they exhibit as
- Panorama amb dona i la guerra civil en la novel.lística de Miquel Àngel Riera(2005) Rosselló Bover, PereThe article focuses upon the analysis of the treatment of the topic of the Civil War in the novel «Panorama amb dona» (1983) by Miquel Àngel Riera. The search of the culprit of the death of the protagonist’s husband becomes the reason that allows the discovery of the implication of diverse sectors of the people in the facist repression, from the popular classes to the aristocracy and even the Church, and to portray the mechanisms on which the exercise of the power is based.
- La missió en la vida: Notes sobre Camins de França de Joan Puig i Ferreter(2005) Balaguer Pascual, EnricThis article approaches the task of analyzing the autobiographical activity of Joan Puig i Ferrater. Particular attention is paid to «Camins de França», one of the most outstanding autobiographies of the twentieth century literature. The literary production of Puig i Ferreter turns around a series of basic characteristics: life like an initiation journey, life like a search of the affirmation of his own personality, and the sense of sensuality. All in all, the author conceives his office of artist as an adventure in search of his own essence.
- Juli Francesc Guibernau: Un escriptor popular de l'època de la restauració(2005) Cassany, EnricThe present article speaks about Juli Francesc Guibernau, a festive author who obtained a great popularity under the pseudonym of C. Gumà during the decades of 1880 and 1890. The articles published in «La Campana de Gràcia» and «L’Esquella de la Torratxa», the comedy sketches and, particularly, the festive poetry notebooks given to the public by «Llibreria Espanyola», which belonged to López publishers, conform the image of a popular writer at the close of the nineteenth century. They also attest the transformations of the popular culture and the social and moral changes of the society in Barcelona and Catalonia at the time of the Restoration. The article locates Guibernau in the popular trend that goes from Pitarra to Rusiñol, and uses it as a pretext to comment on the problematic relation between popular and highbrow literature in the industrial society, together with the denial or the demands of the popular inheritance made by later generations in the eighteenth century.
