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Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections with posaconazole or itraconazole in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy: A real-world comparison Tormo Díaz, Mar Pérez-Martínez, Ariadna Calabuig, Marisa Hernández-Boluda, Juan Carlos Amat Martínez, Paula Navarro Ortega, David Solano Vercet, Carlos fongs patògens infecció càncer quimioteràpia This is an observational-retrospective study comparing the real-world outcomes associated with posaconazole vs itraconazole as prophylaxis treatments. Two hundred and ninety-three patient admissions attributable to 174 patients were included in the study. Patients were treated with itraconazole (n = 114 admissions; 39%) or posaconazole (n = 179; 61%). Antifungal prophylaxis failure (APF) due to treatment-related adverse events (in 34 out of 293 patient admissions; 11.6%) was more frequent in the posaconazole group (6.1% vs 15.1%; P = .024). There were 9 patient admissions for episodes of APF due to probable/proven breakthrough fungal infection (primary endpoint): 6 and 3 in the itraconazole and posaconazole group respectively (5.3% vs 1.7%; P = .095). All of them were associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). APF was more frequent with itraconazole (65% vs 30%; P < .001), along with failure due to possible/probable/proven IPA (25% vs 10%; P = .002) and overall failure by any of the 3 different causes of prophylaxis failure (70% vs 38%; P < .001). In agreement with clinical trial data, this real-world evidence supports the use of posaconazole over itraconazole in AML or MDS patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. 2024-01-26T19:33:18Z 2024-01-26T19:33:18Z 2018 2024-01-26T07:50:19Z journal article ormo, M., Pérez‐Martínez, A., Calabuig, M., Hernández‐Boluda, J. C., Amat, P., Navarro, D., & Solano, C. (2018). Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections with posaconazole or itraconazole in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy: A real‐world comparison. En Mycoses (Vol. 61, Issue 3, pp. 206-212). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12728 0933-7407 https://hdl.handle.net/10550/93531 10.1111/myc.12728 125488 eng Mycoses, 2018, vol. 61, num. 3, p. 206-212 metadata only access Wiley Tormo Díaz, Mar Pérez-Martínez, Ariadna Calabuig, Marisa Hernández-Boluda, Juan Carlos Amat Martínez, Paula Navarro Ortega, David Solano Vercet, Carlos 2018 Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections with posaconazole or itraconazole in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy: A real-world comparison Mycoses 61 3 206 212