Influence of cell volume on the gene transcription rate

Cells vary in volume throughout their life cycle and in many other circumstances, while their genome remains identical. Hence, the RNA production factory must adapt to changing needs, while maintaining the same production lines. This paradox is resolved by different mechanisms in distinct cells and circumstances. RNA polymerases have evolved to cope with the particular circumstances of each case and the different characteristics of the several RNA molecule types, especially their stabilities. Here we review current knowledge on these issues. We focus on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where many of the studies have been performed, although we compare and discuss the results obtained in other eukaryotes and propose several ideas and questions to be tested and solved in the future. Take away: 􀀀 The mRNA synthesis rate can be influenced by cell volume, and vice versa 􀀀 Transcription and degradation rates must compensate reciprocally to maintain RNA homeostasis 􀀀 Different cells and RNAs with diverse stabilities use distinct regulatory mechanisms 􀀀 Asymmetrical division requires alternative transcription rate regulation with volume