Déficits neuropsicológicos asociados al consumo de alcohol: una aproximación multidisciplinar

El sistema nervioso es muy sensible a la acción tóxica del etanol y un abuso prolongado puede llevar a alteraciones de la memoria, el lenguaje, las funciones frontales, y de la orientación, aunque suele estar preservada la inteligencia general. Resulta controvertido hablar de una Demencia Alcohólica Primaria, ya que no existe evidencia de una relación causa-efecto entre el consumo de alcohol y estas alteraciones. Las consecuencias se explican por los malos hábitos alimentarios de los alcohólicos, que les lleva a enfermedades nutritivo-carenciales como es el Síndrome de Werincke-Korsakoff y otras enfermedades de patogenia desconocida, como la enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami, la mielinólisis centropontina, la atrofia cerebelosa alcohólica y el síndrome alcohólico fetal. The Central Nervous System is very sensitive to the toxic effects of ethanol and chronic abuse can lead to disturbances of memory, language, executive disturbances of memory, language, executive functions and orientation. Nevertheless, general intelligence is usually preserved. Primary Alcoholic Dementia is a controversial term because no there is no evidence about the relation cause-effect between alcohol consumption and these disturbances. These consequences could be explained pointing to alimentary deficits leading toto nutritive-carential diseases such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and others like Central Pontine Myelinolisis, Marchiafaba-Bignami, Alcoholic Cerebellous Atrophy and Fetal Alcoholic Sindrome. In these svodromes it hbas In these syndromes it has been registered Important cortico-subcortical disturbances has been registered in these svodromes registered in these syndromes, appart from a special glucose metabolismand a decrease in cerebral blo blood flow associated with alcohol comomsumption. In our work, the effects of acu acute and chronic alcohol work, the errects ot acu nnent consumptiotion from a multidisciplinary point of view vie (neuropsychological, neuropathol nological, neurophysiological and neuroimage recent re data) is reviewed.