Laboratory bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of primary sludge fermentation for volatile fatty acids production. Primary sludges from two major wastewater treatment plants located in Valencia (Pinedo and Carraixet) were used. Experiments were performed at solids retention times between 4 and 10 days, and total volatile solids concentrations between 0.6 % and 2.8 %. Operation at two temperatures (20°C and 30°C) was also checked. Results indicated the importance of feed sludge characteristics on volatile fatty acids yields, being approximately double for the Carraixet wastewater treatment plant sludge than for the Pinedo plant. In both cases, higher volatile fatty acids yields were observed at higher total volatile solids concentrations. Solids retention times above 6 days scarcely improve volatile fatty acids yields, while experiments conducted at 4 days of solids retention times show an important decrease in volatile fatty acids yields. On raising temperature an increase in volatile fatty acids yields was observed, mainly due to an improvement in the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter.