Ever since the Modern Era, translation does not deem the translation or the substitution –naturalization or acculturation in other terms- of proper nouns acceptable, be they the proper names of persons or of places. Instead of the semantic translation of the ‘transparent’ name, instead of cultural substitution, we demand appropriation: adoption or adaptation. The present paper is a survey of the French toponymy and deonymy, within the common core and the specialized languages, to see the degree in which the languages of the neighbouring countries (English, Spanish, French, Italian, German and Dutch) respect that univocal character. It also presents a taxonomy of our own to categorise the different translation processes. Keywords: onomastics; terminology, toponym, deonymy; translation.... [Leer más...]